What is a Temperature Sensor?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 มี.ค. 2019
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In your daily life and different branches of industries, there are many cases in which it’s required to know the temperature of the environment, inside a reactor, winding of an electrical machine, and so on.
Most likely you’ve heard about “RTDs”, “Thermocouples”, “Thermistors”, “Semiconductor” type elements, and so on, which will be addressed here.
let’s see what a “Temperature Sensor” (Temperature Transducer) is and what does a “Temperature Transmitter” mean.
Generally, a sensor or transducer is a physical device that is capable of transforming one type of process variable to my favorite signal type.
Temperature, pressure, flow, etc., are some process variables and actually, they are physical characteristics of our real world.
The temperature sensor is a device that will transform the Temperature into an electrical signal, no matter how tiny the amount of this signal might be!
Based on different sensor technologies, this signal may have different ranges and for industrial applications, I need to have my signals limited to some universally accepted electrical “signal-ranges”.
Today some of these globally accepted electrical signal-ranges are 4-20 mA, 1-5 V, 0-10 V, etc.
A “Temperature Transmitter” is a device that transforms the tiny output of a “Temperature Transducer” to one of these standard signal ranges.
RTD or “Resistance Temperature Detector” is a device the resistance of which varies with the temperature.
Since it is a passive device, an external electrical current should be applied to it and then the voltage drop across it can be measured. This voltage is a good indication of the temperature.
In reality, the distance between the temperature sensing point and measuring system calls for wiring and since the real wiring has its own resistance, some measurement error sneaks in hereby!
Three-wire and Four-wire solutions are developed to remove this error.
One of the most common RTDs is “PT100” which consists of a thin film of Platinum on a plastic film and shows a resistance of 100Ω at 32° F.
Thermistors are temperature-dependent resistors and are widely used in industrial purposes, e.g. over-current protection, self-regulating heating elements, inrush current limiters, and so on. Thermistors can be NTC or PTC.
In NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors, resistance decreases as temperature rises. NTC’s are commonly used as “inrush” current limiters.
And with PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistors, resistance increases as temperature increases. PTC thermistors are commonly used as “overcurrent protection” and in resettable fuses.
A thermocouple or simply “TC” is comprised of a couple of specific dissimilar wires joined together, forming the “sensing point” or “junction”.
Based on physical characteristics called “Thermoelectric Effect”, when this junction is placed at different temperatures, different millivolt signals are generated which can be interpreted as an indication of the temperature.
The main restriction of Thermocouples is the “accuracy” which doesn’t make it the best solution for precise applications. Also, Thermocouples need a reference measurement point called “Cold Junction”.
The thermocouple junction is often exposed to extreme environments, while the cold junction is often mounted near the instrument location.
Based on “range” of temperature measurement, “sensitivity” and some other factors in each application, different types of Thermocouples are available, for example, E, J, K, M, N, T, and so on.
“Semiconductor Temperature Sensor” is based on the fact that the junction voltage across a p-n combination of semiconductors, like a diode junction or “base-emitter” junction of regular transistors, is a function of temperature.
If I have to measure electronic PCB and/or IC temperature, silicon-based types are the best choices. Also alongside the technical bonus-malus comparison, sometimes cost is the key factor in selecting the proper device, as they say: “Money Talks!”
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Great to hear that, Celso! Thank you!
I am power system automation engineer,but i never seen a video like this.
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Very helpful for . thank u
Thanks for your support!
Thank you for making this video and helping all the students out there who are studying Industrial automation. The content is very well explained with diagrams and thus it makes very easy to understand.
In Industrial Automation, A temperature sensor is a device that helps in collecting the information regarding the temperature from a resource and it changes in such a form which can be understood by another device.
Digital temperature and humidity & temperature sensors are two main sensors that are used in automation.
Keep doing such videos.
Thanks for your positive feedback!
This is the type of videos for which I want to pay the creators. Super high quality content, thanks you guys!
Amazing to hear that! Thanks for your support.
We have a whole course library full of video courses (400+). You might want to have a browse around as I am sure this is of your interest. bit.ly/30AVJaR
Happy learning!
Great video RealPars, Keep up the good work 👍
Thanks for your positive feedback! Happy learning!
Thank you very much your lessons make industrial automation mor easy ,you are fantastic
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Your videos are very much real and best for understanding. 👍💯
Happy to hear that, Vivek! Thank you.
It was a great illustration even I'm lack of knowedge about instrumentation! Thanks!!
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You guys motivating us to study more!
That's amazing, Nurbek! Happy learning.
Excellent explanatory video lesson.
Very enriching and pertinent information about these devices present in our daily life in the industry.
Thanks so much and congrats.
Glad it was helpful! You're more than welcome.
Thanks! Very informative video and easy to understand.
You are very welcome! Great to hear that.
At 1:10, seems like the labels for semiconductor and thermistor should be swapped (nitpicking). All RealPars videos have been excellent. Thank you!
Thanks for the info!
You're very welcome!
Thank you for making these videos
You are very welcome, Ray!
sir...each and every video of yours is very helpful for me.. requesting you to do a video about BMS(building management systems)
Thanks for the topic suggestion Basith. I have gone ahead and sent this through to our creator team.
thanks for those videos, its really helpful
Glad to hear that, Abod!
Thank you so much for making it
You're very welcome!
Great awesome video. Sensor Devices could be a series of videos like this one as they are all part the automation process. . I work with many devices and even I am learning stuff I didn’t quite know given all the various sensor types, how they all work and their signals to plc. Your videos make me better at my job on every video as well freshen up the things I should know but may not quite know.
Amazing! Thank you! Keep up the learning curve.
th-cam.com/video/CzbchPYFllQ/w-d-xo.html
Do also watch this. Made by me and my friends for college project.
Very great man
Thank you so much sir
Temperature and pressure sensor if separate could conflicting in boiler environment which is like nuclearbomb control conflicting control and so it is really important and thermistor can easily remote influence
Thank you. Great video
You are very welcome!
As my practice, in the environment with high electromagnetic interference I refer use RTD sensors.
Thanks a lot for making these videos
You are very welcome, Ashish!
i love your tutorials congratulations you are the best like
Thanks a lot for the create compliment!
thanks so much ,,, need more about instrumentation
You are very welcome! I will pass that on to our creator team!
Thanks you for your videos.
You are very welcome!
what a fantastic video, thank you
Thanks a lot!
Wonderful and detailed explanation 👍👌👌
Glad you liked it, Alok!
Superb video...thank you
Thanks for sharing!
Use vacuum , pressure and atmospheric pressure as Transistor is best all around sensor because it is sensitive and it is self aware of its own and surounding
thanks Mr .
You are very welcome!
Hey their thank you so much your sensor videos helps me I have an exam tomorrow jazakallah khair! 💕💯
Happy to help! Keep up the learning curve
Thanks for that
useful video
You are very welcome!
Thanks
Thanks a lot !
You're welcome!
Hey, thanks for making this video and helping make industrial engineering more accessible to the public!
One question though: can you use NTC and PTC together?
Hey JerHan,
Using an NTC and a PTC for one single application seems unreasonable! As the application can not require both NTC and PTC together.
Do you have something in mind about a specific application?
@@realpars
No I don't. I'm just asking out of curiosity. :) Thanks for the answer.
Execelente explicacion amigo.
Thank you, Richard!
Awesome, thanks 😍💪👍
You are very welcome!
Thank you for this v.good video
You are very welcome!
Great. I am come from Vietnam.
thank you for the amazing videos..i want to know how you make this graphic videos ..
Nice one Thank you....
Happy learning!
Thank you
You are very welcome!
Thanks a lot
You are very welcome, Rohan!
Hello, great video, I always find you’re content very useful. If I was specifying the instrument range of a PT100 typically what range would I use ? I understand there is an instrument range and a calibrated range, but I’m unsure on what the instrument range would typically be. Thanks
Usually, Pt100 temperature sensors, when connected to a transmitter or RTD card in the DCS or PLC, will read the temperature out directly, so no range is required. The range that a Pt100 RTD can measure with high accuracy is typical -200F to 800F.
Thank you :)
You are welcome!
As always, your videos are great and helpful,
Just a remark, at time 1:12, the labels of thermistor and semiconductor figures have been inversed.
Thanks
This is kinda weird but... my teacher asked us to look for error in this video and your comment is life savior Amed
Have an upvote my friend
@@minhlemaiquang4930 heyy bro maybe we have the same teacher :>>> i have spent a lot of time to find the mistake in this video until find this cmt:(((
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THis is the best video ever
Glad to hear that, Florentino!
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Thank you for the video real pars! , btw i am confused which sensor (RTD or thermocouple) should i Choose for Water treatment plant. The range should be around normal temperature to 80C. and for the ph of the water is vary from 5 - 12. Can you suggest? Thank You very much !
Either will work fine. If you choose a thermocouple, use a K thermocouple; J thermocouples are not good in wet environments (will rust). An RTD will give a better life of service, both will work well in that temperature range, provided they are installed properly.
RTD range -250°c to 650°c
RTD is better for dinner
Thanks a lot for this video.
all videos are excellent.
I think the images of RTD and thermocouple should be replaced with each other in the video.
Thank you!
NICE video, well done @realpars, I enjoyed all the videos on this platform. Pls I will like to know where or how I can get simatic manager simulator S7 software download . thank you.
Thank you! Below are the links for downloading different versions of STEP7.
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would be awesome if you can also tell us with celcius :))
Yes for me too) it is difficult for me always to convert it into Celsius.
@@anplechen ºC =(ºF-32)5/9
lol
Hello, i checked your website and discovered that you dont offer online training to some locations, Africa specifically. Is there anything you are doing to extend your trainings to those in Africa?
Hi Kelvin,
Thanks for reaching out to us over here at RealPars.
Thanks for letting us know about this, as this is not the case at all. Our online learning platform is luckily available to everyone regardless on where they are geographically located.
Could you tell me where you found that information? We surely want to correct that immediately. :)
Feel free to subscribe to our Course Library through the following link bit.ly/2IpeCp3
If you experience any issues or need any further assistance then definitely reach out to us either here on TH-cam or through the following email addresses:
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Our apologies for any confusion.
Happy learning!
Thanks for the video. Congrats, but the imperial units kind made me confused and pause the video to convert to °C.
You are very welcome, Jose! That is the great benefit of online learning, all on your own pace.
@@realpars But it would be nice, if you guys start using SI units in parenthesis, that way you could achieve a much higher audience.
the video is very useful for beginners touch temperture sensor .If you can arrange time .Can you make a video optical sensor ? "what is a optical sensor ? thank you very much.
Thanks for the topic suggestion, I will definitely go ahead and forward this to our creator team. Happy learning!
good....
Are you sure you used right pictures for RTD and Thermocouple? Do they need to be replaced by each other?
Thermocouples and RTD sensors can be packaged in the same manner. Yes, you could reverse the pictures and still be correct. The RTD is shown as a sensor remote from its connection point, like a PLC card. The thermocouple is shown integrated into a measurement head. I can also have remote thermocouple sensors and integral RTD sensors. Sometimes, the only way to tell is to check the number and colors of the wires.
BEST!
Thank you!
Cool
A big request to use the SI system in your videos.
Thanks for your suggestion, I will pass this on to our team.
I like you guys
Happy to hear that!
Thx so much for your information
Please can u help me how to start to leaning plc
Hi Marvin,
You are very welcome! We have a full course library filled with 400 course videos on PLC Programming. You can have a look at that through this link realpars.com/.
If you have any questions, feel free to send them our way!
@@realpars thx so much for your interest
@He who must not be named thx so much
As I know, Active sensors need external power suppliers, not passive sensors. am I right?
Yes, passive sensors respond to physical changes, such as resistance (RTD), induced voltage (Thermocouple), pressure (diaphragm pressure element), strain (load cell), etc. Transmitters and other powered devices are considered active devices. A magnetic flowmeter requires power to create the magnetic field that is used to detect flow.
When 1-5 V singal range is used? And when 4-20 mA is used?
4-20ma is the most commonly-used signal type for industrial sensors. This current-based signal is relatively immune to electrical interference and can be run a long distance. At the PLC card, there is a 250-ohm resistor located internally inside the PLC card that converts the signal to 1-5 VDC which is the native signal range for transistor-based electronics. Some lab instruments output native 1-5 VDC, but those are not as common and would require a special analog input card if brought into the PLC.
Please answer me, what is the difference between 'temperature sensor' and temperature transmitter?
The temperature sensor functions solely to sense temperature. A Temperature Transmitter serves to convert the signal generated by a temperature sensor into a standardized instrumentation signal, which represents the temperature of the process variable being monitored and regulated. Typically, this signal ranges from 4 to 20 mA. Subsequently, this signal is transmitted to a Controller, which determines the necessary action and generates an appropriate output signal. In contemporary process control systems, controllers are typically either a PLC or a DCS. For instance, the Heating/Cooling system directly impacts the process under the guidance of the controller. You can explore more about this in our Realpars video via the following link th-cam.com/video/Kq22wxqzJ7g/w-d-xo.html
Happy learning!
Which are the parameters used in this sensor?
Temperature sensors measure the temperature of the fluid by detection a change in a physical property of the measurement leads. As temperature changes, and RTD sees a difference in the detected electrical resistance (in ohms) and a thermocouple detects a change in voltage (mV). These signals are converted to a temperature in C or F at the input card or are transmitted as a 4-20ma analog signal representing a configured temperature range to the control device.
GOOD XD
👍👍
Thank you akhi
And pls , if u can make ur vedios translate to arabic
Hi Yassine,
Thanks for your comment! We currently only provide our course videos in English, you are always able to turn on the English subtitles as that might make it a bit easier for you.
Our apologies for any inconvenience!
I thought Passive sensors detect and respond, while Active sensors are the ones that need an external power source, then the resistance is measured???
There are many different definitions for active and passive sensors. The distinction is not critical to the discussion of temperature measurement devices, but it is necessary to understand how these devices work. A thermocouple generates an electrical current in response to temperature changes. This is usually regarded as an active sensor since a current is generated by the device. RTD's are usually considered passive because they respond to an external stimulus with a change in a physical property like resistance. Passive devices typically require additional electrical energy for excitation. The confusion comes in because in some industries (aviation for example), active sensors are those that are externally powered and passive sensors do not require external power.
Sir it would be of great help if y'll put subtitles in English while explaining the video
Hi Ashish, there are English subtitles under every video, simply press the 'CC' icon on the lower right side. Happy learning!
By knowing the words: temprature, and sensor, you should have got enough information about what such device does.
👍🙏❤️❤️
Thanks
Thanks
You are very welcome, Abdul!