Region of Convergence for the z-Transform

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ส.ค. 2024
  • z-transforms of signals in general do not exist over the entire z-plane. The infinite series defining the z-transform only converges for a subset of values of z, termed the region of convergence. Multiple examples of deriving z-tranforms.

ความคิดเห็น • 59

  • @felixg4785
    @felixg4785 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Why can't lectures try to be like you? Thanks, you are awesome.

  • @allsignalprocessing
    @allsignalprocessing  11 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I will try to clarify my use of terms:
    1) A causal signal has x[n] = 0 for n

  • @allsignalprocessing
    @allsignalprocessing  11 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    We say this signal is non causal by viewing it as if it were the impulse response of an LTI system. The impulse response of a causal system must be zero for n

  • @maristelasantos8714
    @maristelasantos8714 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    You have such a great talent for teaching. Thank you veeery muuchhh for saving my final exam!

  • @augustoferreira3720
    @augustoferreira3720 7 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    in case 3 the plot is wrong. For y[n]=-α^n u[-n -1] , with 0 < α < 1 the sequence should grow unbounded as n decreases.

    • @Mani_KrSingh
      @Mani_KrSingh 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes you are true. The sequence will grow unbounded. For the decaying sequence as shown in Figure, it should have been a>1

    • @joshualiu8551
      @joshualiu8551 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks, this comment should be pushed front

    • @mehrabzamanian581
      @mehrabzamanian581 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I think it should -a^-n instead of -a^n

  • @morto00x
    @morto00x 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    By far the best ROC explanation I've found. Thanks

  • @allsignalprocessing
    @allsignalprocessing  10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The grt than1/4 applies to the first term alone in g[n] while less than 1/2 applies to the second term in g[n]. Hence for the z-transform of g[n] to converge, we can only include values of z for which BOTH terms in g[n] converge. This leads to the overall ROC being the INTERSECTION of grt than1/4 and less than 1/2, which results in the ring. I think it is easier to figure this out by looking at the individual terms. With a sum of signals the ROC will be the intersection of individ ROCs.

  • @KlaskeyProductions
    @KlaskeyProductions 9 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    I could almost feel my hair blowing as your explanation at 13:15 flew right over my head lol.

    • @ShrenikJain
      @ShrenikJain 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Klae G's
      haha 🤣🤣🤣

    • @adityavinayak3989
      @adityavinayak3989 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@ShrenikJain i saw your videos. well, some people upload for sharing knowledge. and some like u open an online so-called last hours tuition school to make money lol

  • @jiwann4213
    @jiwann4213 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    you should have clarified on how to choose region of convergence in examples rather than in general. I am not clear with the explanation.
    At 11:46 how and why are they different? : |z|>1/4 but |z|

  • @bugzo0
    @bugzo0 11 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    wait, u wrote my signals book ?

  • @creatiph
    @creatiph 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Beginner here, what's u[n] ? It's in the X[n] equation at the start but it's there anymore when we switch to the X(z) form. Thanks

  • @springbokmarine
    @springbokmarine 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so so much for posting these videos!

  • @nazcov
    @nazcov 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Not that i'm an expert either but it's not non causal, its anti causal.
    A causal system can be past and present values, where a noncausal contains future values.
    I think the anticausal system is a subcategory for only past values, referring to what mr. Van Ven commented at the top.
    Feel free to correct me if im wrong.

  • @JainamTalsania
    @JainamTalsania 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your videos are awesome, keep doing great work.

  • @realislamicguidance2375
    @realislamicguidance2375 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Suppose a signal is growing exponentially. We take its Z transform & find its ROC. So what are we supposed to do practically? Are we supposed to manipulate our O/P by multiplying any signal from ROC such that our O/P converges & system is stable? And what if our signal is exponentially decaying so whats the purpose of finding ROC in this case (except for determing stability/casuality)?

  • @uniqueaakash14
    @uniqueaakash14 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    you are a life saver

  • @mohamedquabbou5253
    @mohamedquabbou5253 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you for the for this vid you saved me from failing my semestre

  • @r410a8
    @r410a8 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What is the formula of u[n] in 3:26 such the a variable's value determes the value of x[n] such a way in each case,i don't understand.
    And why in 4:36 when you aply the z transform formula on to x[n] you write Sum n-oo to +oo a^n*z^-n instead of Sum -oo to +oo a^n*u[n]*z^-n suposed the x[n] is a^n*u[n] not only a^n ?
    I don't understand this neither.

  • @nomadic_rider42
    @nomadic_rider42 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great explanation, thanks a lot for the effort.

  • @kousik_das
    @kousik_das 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sir, very nicely explained

  • @zoala001
    @zoala001 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    I kind of got the idea of ROC but I have problem of knowing the casual and causal functions. I mean I can't really say if a series function is greater or smaller than alpha.

  • @toiibooy3335
    @toiibooy3335 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you very much sir for this explained

  • @SamriddhaDhali
    @SamriddhaDhali 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU SIR. best VIDEO FOR UNDERSTANDING ROC

  • @Deep00Rezom
    @Deep00Rezom 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    helped me a lot.. thanks

  • @oath0703
    @oath0703 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Sir, in the last example, when you rewrite, is it
    x[n] = u[n] +delta[n] - (-3/4)^n*u[-n-1] ?
    isn't it x[n] = u[n] - delta[n] + (-3/4)^n*u[-n-1] ?
    From your notation, two ways(before rewrite, after rewrite) of expression x[-1] will be
    x[n] = (-3/4)^-1 , x[n] = - (-3/4)^-1
    I'm a bit confused on this stuff. I really do love your videos. Thank you so much

    • @allsignalprocessing
      @allsignalprocessing  10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Note that at 13:15 the expression is x[n] = u[n] +delta[n] - - (-3/4)^n*u[-n-1], that is there are two negative signs in between the delta[n] and (-3/4)^n terms and thus it is effectively a +. In your equation above you missed the second minus sign. You also have a - in front of delta[n], and that should be +. We can check as follows:
      x[-1] = - - (-3/4)^(-1) = (-3/4)^(-1) which agrees before and after the rewrite step.
      Also,
      x[0] = u[0] +(-3/4)^0 u[0] = 2 (before the rewrite step) and
      x[0] = u[0] + delta[0] = 2 (after the rewrite step).
      I think the algebra is ok as written, but that is a good question - you are paying very close attention.

    • @oath0703
      @oath0703 10 ปีที่แล้ว

      Barry Van Veen Ohh,, I see now. It wasn't tricky. I was just missing one negative sign. Thank you so much Sir.
      I wish more students and people can find this channel and benefit from this great lectures. I found a month before the final which is tomorrow while have been suffering for couple months from ...well.
      Appreciate your great effort.

    • @seimela
      @seimela 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Barry Van Veen thank you for explaining ......got confused also

  • @AnumitKaur0211
    @AnumitKaur0211 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video. really helpful. thank you!!!

  • @danel5726
    @danel5726 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi! This should be obvious, but in Case 2, why is x[n]=0 for negative values of n?
    Is u[n] a predefined function?
    Thank you!

  • @tstamir5981
    @tstamir5981 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    very accurate and choice. i'm officialy a fan

  • @NorahIK
    @NorahIK 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you so much.

  • @spyroscvrs1651
    @spyroscvrs1651 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you

  • @abedsoubra2453
    @abedsoubra2453 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    how do you know if a series is converging or not ?

  • @FatimaHassan-fn1vk
    @FatimaHassan-fn1vk 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why do we assume the radius to be alpha?

  • @priteshparikh9324
    @priteshparikh9324 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    at 14:19 i did not get the roc condition.
    shouldnt it be z> -3/4
    our only condition for infinite geometric series is that it should exist ...i.e denominator should not become zero or negative?

    • @ShrenikJain
      @ShrenikJain 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      pritesh parikh
      see it's |z| and not just z.
      so you are right z >-3/4
      so..... |z|

  • @milongitom
    @milongitom 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you !!!

  • @joshuasalvador8785
    @joshuasalvador8785 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    How do I know if its case 2 or 3 when I'm doing the inverse z transform table look up?

    • @augustoferreira3720
      @augustoferreira3720 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      You must check the ROC.... if |z|>|α|, it is a right sided sequence α^n u[n]. if |z|

  • @kestonsmith1354
    @kestonsmith1354 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    ty so much

  • @ninepuchar1
    @ninepuchar1 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    why did delta[n] appear at 13.24? could anyone explain that properly? thankx

    • @erbazkhan266
      @erbazkhan266 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      - A non causal signal has x[n] not equal 0 for some value n

  • @FatimaHassan-fn1vk
    @FatimaHassan-fn1vk 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Alpha can be complex so it would be better if you had written |alpha|

  • @manjumaldakal1598
    @manjumaldakal1598 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks a lot sir :)

  • @WithWaqas
    @WithWaqas 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    helpfull thanx

  • @milongitom
    @milongitom 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great explanation .!! can you tell me on 13:15 ... why are you using DETA ?

    • @ritishmaram3326
      @ritishmaram3326 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi, To convert sequence2 into a "anti causal sequence". So anti causal sequence is a sequence where there are values only for n

  • @lalitverma5818
    @lalitverma5818 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Not clear seen

  • @itemushmush
    @itemushmush 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It's ZED, no "Zee"

    • @ShrenikJain
      @ShrenikJain 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      James
      it changed over period
      so now it's zee

  • @abnereliberganzahernandez6337
    @abnereliberganzahernandez6337 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    you sck bro