The Mysterious Origins of the OMG Particle - Ask a Spaceman!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 พ.ค. 2018
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What is the so-called “OMG Particle”? Where could it possibly come from, and how are magnetic fields involved? How can we detect these cosmic rays? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman!
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Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Music by Jason Grady and Nick Bain. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
You definitely deserve more subscribers, you communicate complicated ideas so elegantly.
I'm very happy for any audience, but thanks!
Alien Spaceship exhausts! :D
2 Magnetars and a supermassive Black hole walk in to a bar...
Go on...
Joseph Heisenberg is behind the bar and says "Do you realize the gravity of the situation? I am uncertain but I am sure you will bring the place together"
To the magnetars the bartender says, "Hey, this is a bar. Not a bar magnet."
And to the black hole he says, "You look hungry. let me guess, you had a _light_ breakfast."
Paul: "I'm going to give you more numbers because this is so much fun!"
Me: ::head explodes::
Another great episode. Just take care with the chalkboard handwriting Dr Sutter lest this becomes Ask a Spa lemon :)
Ah, good point :)
This was super interesting! The numbers you gave us at the beginning were mind blowing! 😱
Thanks, I'm blown away by those numbers too!
Dude, I've been subscribed to various physics channels for about 3 yrs now and never heard a comparison to time vs speed like it travels the observable universe in 19 days from its FOR.
Gives me a new way to conceptualize it. Cheers!!
Glad to hear you find my work useful, thanks!
Thanks for this video.I just found your channel
Thanks for watching!
haha 13:20 "I don't know, just do whatever you want". Done!
If I were an OMG particle, I'd have the ten year solution within a second from my frame of reference? Sign me up. Gimme the answer ;)
I pooped it. I distinctly remember saying OMG afterwards.
I'm pretty sure you produced dark matter.
You say that ultra-high energy cosmic rays could be produced by some sort of short-lived flares in galactic nuclei, so that when the particle arrives on Earth, the flare has died down and there is nothing to see. But since the particle is moving at almost the speed of light, it arrives at Earth about the same time as the light from the flare, so we should see something going on in the active galactic nucleus. Unless it takes a while (days? weeks? months?) to analyze the data from the cosmic ray detectors, and when the trajectory of the particle is finally figured out, the flare has effectively died down. Could you clarify this point?
In principlee we could see it, but we'd have to be observing in exactly the right spot at exactly the right time. These short-lived flares are very difficult to catch.
Captivating, Dr. Sutter. Captivating.
Thanks!
Thank you again Mr spaceman
You're welcome!
Hey Dianna from physics girl did a video on this too. So excited already.
Great minds....
I was riveted the entire show ☺
It's a fun topic!
Paul M. Sutter Love your show Dr. Sutter 👍
Has there been any more info on what may be the source of the 100 TeV neutrinos detected at IceCube? It's a "cool" topic to cover on another show(bahduhmpbump).
Indeed, it's on the list!
He says what im doing , and I slowly understand what is happening, and i saw his background.
OMG, I got my first number woody and much greater appreciation, lol. Well done
Checking in, is there an update?
I am a little confused regarding time dilatation with that Event Horizon from Frasiers Caines chanell. I think you understand the question. :-)
if particles travelling through the universe are analogous to atoms in a gas, there would be a distribution of possible velocities whose average is proportional to temperature. The velocities of individual particles would be free to move about this distribution due to interactions with each other.
Although it seems statistically unlikely, but still possible, certain particles may have interactions that have the net effect of increasing their velocity towards us. It wouldnt have to be a single event like a magnetar merger or anything exotic, it could just be that whenever that particular particle interacted with cmb or fields it got a little boost instead of drag.
Good idea, but the energy spectrum of cosmic rays doesn't follow a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, so it doesn't behave as a gas :/
Question: how do we know in the space how far the object "star" is, and how big it is?
all we can measure is its spectrum (continuous and discrete) and it tells us the temperature, what it is made of, what kind of fields surround it, its relative velocity.
The temperature tells you how bright it would be at a known distance, so if you measure the actual brightness you can see how much farther away it is than that known distance.
There are many different methods. for close ones, astronomers are using Parallax (same way that your eyes measure distance to objects around you) and for super far ones (like very far galaxies,) they are using the red-shift of the stars or super nova type 1A ( they are called standard candles).
Magnetar quakes? Or some kind of collision involving a magnetar? Probably not powerful enough...
I thought magnetars immediately, but yeah apparently they are not an option...
Even magnetars aren't powerful enough!
Maybe I wasn't paying much attention to the video, but since we detected these particles what particles are they, or do we just not know? Are they ultra high speed cosmic rays, hence likely to be protons? We've detected them so we should know this, right? Also isn't a huge problem that anything that travels any large distance in the universe will have taken years to get here from wherever it originated, and so pointing our telescopes from where they came just isn't going to work, unless the object that created them is visible for tens of millions of years. Also since these are charged particles, I assume, and have mass, they could be bent in their trajectory by any object with a large mass or large magnetic field, and these interactions could have happened many times on its journey so we just don't know where they are coming from? Or are they so high energy that it's like a bullet coming through a sheet of paper and the trajectory would be pretty much unaffected? How much would they be deflected by coming very close to the event horizon of a supermassive black hole? I feel I need more details to digest this analysis. Sorry I'm late to the party!!!
Regarding my previous question and the CMB blue-shifted gamma ray, I have a follow-up question. First of all, if the OMG particle is dark matter, it wouldn't get affected by the CMB (blue-shifted) because it doesn't interact with light, so it can theoretically go longer distances than any other ordinary particle without being slowed down. However, if it's dark matter it shouldn't interact with any photon, (or I guess any other Boson) and shouldn't be detected. My follow up question: if Dark Matter doesn't interact with light (or other kinds of boson) does that mean they don't follow Einstein's principles? like being bound by the speed of light or for example does that mean Einstein's clock thought experiment (the one with photon bouncing between two mirrors) doesn't apply to them? Do they have any kind of boson passing information between them?
One thing i didn’t quit catch up on. If a partiële travels almost the speed of light and a planet is 16 lightyears away. How does it go there in a few seconds.. its traveling slower so 1 lightyear should be a bit more then 1 year travel right?
From our perspective, that particle will travel to that planet in 16 years. However, from the particle's perspective, it will be few seconds. For example, if you travel on a spaceship and move right next to that particle, the clock in your spaceship will only tick 3 seconds, and you have arrived.
SAHM ah oke, thanks for the explanation, I understand the perspective thing, but I still think there is more to it then only that. I think later and wiser, we will look at an whole other perspective.
At that velocity it just barley experiences time at all. The faster something travels through space the less it travels through time in its frame of reference. Or at least that's the way I understand it. If I'm wrong please correct me.
what would happen if two particles traveling this collided?
Boom!
Oh. My. God!
Would this cause physical damage if it hit something? Also, are all particles in this class protons, or are there neutrons (or electrons, despite the mass difference) ever clocked at those speeds?
Well it has kinetic energy of fast baseball, so I suppose it would hurt quite a bit... but then again, it's a proton going at almost speed of light. I don't see how it may transfer all that energy onto you, it's just too small. Huh. Interesting question! Spaceman, some help over here? :)
It could destroy the molecular bonds of a DNA strand.
So basically, damage to tissue would be minimal at best, one or few screwed up cells - unless it's a continuos stream of particles?
well a fastball to the head could knock you out. It could also shatter a plane of glass, dent a car, leave an impact dent in soil, etc. I'm curious if we've found the effects of these things outside of a particle detector.
So things going this fast don’t dump their energy all at once and they tend to be very penetrating. So if one hit you, you might not notice since it would mostly sail straight through like you weren’t there. That said geologists find tracks left in crystals that we think are from cosmic rays
Hi @Paul M. Sutter ! Could the particles be coming from some source that exists in another dimension? Or if not, could the particles be flung through some sort of hole in spacetime? Thanks!
Nope!
@@PaulMSutter Why are you shitting on this lady? You don't know those things aren't posssible. You should apologise to her.
@Kaylla Motl I'm pretty sure these have never been disproven by science so it seems Paul Sutter has blind faith they aren't possible & rudely dismissed your suggestion whilst trying to push his dogma on you. I think the most rational position is to be more open minded about what might be possible particularly where science is not producing good answers
maybe neutrons can tunnel out of neutron stars and then decay into a proton and an electron (and an antineutrino)
Oh they do that all the time...but that's not nearly powerful enough to make an OMG :)
Paul M. Sutter shoulda guessed that someone smarter than me already considered that ;-)
Isn't the OMG particle an argument that protons are fundamentally made of photons, perhaps a large number of photons n, all of whose momentum vectors are in alignment?
OMG! The Klingons are shooting at us because they're ticked at Star Trek: Discovery for screwing up their looks.
Would it still be affected by gravity as much? Also, wouldn't it be possible to put a satellite in geo-stationary orbit right above a detection site so they are watching more or less the same part of the sky?
They do get affected by gravity, but they're so incredibly rare and impossible to predict, which makes multi-messenger detection exceedingly difficult...
Love your information and energy. Can you add more images or faster editing to keep the message moving?
Nope!
-Isn't the answer in time dialation? When the particle was created/launched the earth didn't even exist yet, and the universe was a lot more "compact".-
It's less than 160 million years old :/
Paul M. Sutter
Oh... I'll just scratch out my comment, whoops.
Do the detection's of OMG particles correlate to the Hyper-nova's that we are aware of?
No, they don't! At least not cleanly. It's so frustrating...
99.9999999999999999951 wow so close... modern physics is lost in particles...
awed!
Are there any fundamental problems with imagining time as a spacial dimension?
Not saying that's how reality works, but does physics function essentially the same if that were the case?
All of special relativity breaks down! We need time to behave slightly differently than the spacial dimensions for everything to hang together.
A thousand years is like a day to to the lord. And a day like a thousand years. Reasonably profound considering.
I'm confused... what "lord"?
What has this got to do with cosmic rays?
Nicholas Hylton it has to do with time and perception.
if these omg particles were emitted from the bb (or relatively early on) how far away could they possibly be coming from?
pretty much from the edge of the observable universe. Definitely further than 160 million light years
The oldest they could be is 160 million years old, since any further/older and they would've lost their energy...
@@PaulMSutter I have what might be a stupid question related to something mentioned in the video about time dilation when travelling near to the speed of light. This may be similar to why no particles can escape a black hole, but if time is slowed down to almost a standstill when travelling near the speed of light, wouldn't this mean that you could travel further than what is the observable universe from Earth, if you could achieve this speed?
I think this may be me thinking in an everyday human experience world and that this won't work as if travelling in a certain direction at nearly the speed of light, light travelling towards me will still appear to me to be travelling at the speed of light relative to me and this means that you can't get around the size of the observable universe by just travelling at the speed of light, because the time taken to travel from point A to point B at the speed of light will take the same time as the light travelling from the boundary of the observable universe the same distance so I wouldn't be able to see any further, and that's not even taking into account the expansion of the universe!!! (I hope that made sense, it's been a while since I studied general relativity at university!!!)
Could they come from 2 merging black holes?
Not enough energy!
One loan proton finds itself spit out from quasar right towards a supermassive black hole then decides to orbit the black hole a billion times or something ridiculous like that and it finally finds the energy to free itself and go flying out in to space and then just happens to hit the earth
I'm calling it the holy shyt particle
Instead oh my God just doesn't have enough feeling in it for the absolute ridiculous amount of energy this thing has
What in our world could measure its speed that accurately ?? Wow.
We wouldn’t, rather we measure the energy and use our equations to work out the velocity.
Fascinating stuff, thanks for bring it to us.
They're Trisolaran sophons.
❤
My hypothesis is 2 black holes but not at the point of them merging however it's the 2 singularities of the black holes hitting each other
but theres an event horizon in the way you know?
PelycheeaceRA Exactly. It's impossible for a proton to breach the event horizon, regardless of how energetic it is. However, if a black hole merger took place between two *active* supermassive black holes, the particle jets may be able to produce particles of that energy.
white holes are pure speculation
So, if I understand you, what you are really saying is, these things are going pretty fast...?
A bit.
What if...hear me out... What if this was some kind of communication effort by aliens.
If they sent a clump of these particles, say, the size of a protein molecule, one of those could blow up a city or destroy a large chunk of the atmosphere.
Do you know why we say "Oh my God!" when we see something that makes us experience awe! I think it's written into our souls, so that during that moment when we are JUDGED by GOD, by the Creator, we already know what to say.
0:50 nice German accent
Totally lost, why is something travelling slower than the speed of light a big deal?
Ben Vincent
It's interesting because the particle was traveling so ridiculously close to the speed of light. It requires a gargantuan amount of energy to accelerate a proton to that speed and cosmologists are in the dark as to what natural process can do the job.
Imagine you're the pilot of a hypersonic space-plane doing Mach 10. You look outside your cockpit window and notice... a small hummingbird keeping pace. The question, _"How the hell is this even possible!??"_ would probably come to mind.
Thanks - I know this channel is not total beginner level, but there's assumed knowledge here that I didn't have ;) It takes so much energy because Protons have mass whereas Photon's don't I guess.
can a black hole create that much energy and inject it to that speed
Apparently, all of the black holes that are created due to collapsing stars (supernova), are rotating black holes, and I guess they are magnetic as well. I guess (I could be wrong) it's basically a ring singularity (ringularity) and event horizon with a magnetic field around it. If I understand correctly, they basically become kind of a particle accelerator. I guess PBS Spacetime series had videos about them.
SAHM thanks for the info I'll check it out thanks for the explanation to appreciate it
That is y I turn off the tv
Mmm like its tasty nimble quick & most of all my kind of exotic! Sorry Paul thats what Iwas talking about or not so knowing its there and cant be found; Oct 15th 1991 rem it well twas a day of frustratioin a self inflicted cranium blow a flash and lots&lots of confusion anger & anxiety followed on: fun didnt play its part for the article back then.
WTF is time dilation?
ET
It's aliens.
In all seriousness -- and I know it's definitely NEVER aliens --, couldn't it be the exhaust from an alien spacecraft, powered by some kind of ridiculously souped-up particle accelerator?
Chapter 72 verse 8-9 and Ten holy Qur'an
Nope
I know that u see me