What's inside a microwave oven magnetron
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 พ.ย. 2019
- Today let's make an autopsy of a 2.45 GHz cavity magnetron from a microwave oven. Let's see what's inside and how does it work. Let's also see if its cathode is radioactive.
My video about a microwave oven:
• Microwave oven - how d...
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Some time ago I first saw one of your videos. You used an ugly soldering iron and crude hand tools. I immediately thought something like "This guy is so amateurish." The more DiodesGoneWild videos I watched the more I realized how wrong that first impression was. Your straightforward style and the way you explain circuits in plain language is wonderful. You bring the subject of electronics down to earth, not hiding it behind complicated language or fancy equipment few can afford. Rather, using found and fabricated tools you say to your audience "You do not need a 200 dollar power supply, an 800 dollar oscilloscope, and a lab full of specialized tools to start learning and playing with electronics." Too many channels seem to say just the opposite. I am glad that you discuss safety while still doing things "the book" calls unsafe. We all do these things in real life but worry that people unfamiliar with how to stay alive will jump in unaware. Your cautions are well placed and helpful I'm sure.
I have been surprised how much I have learned from your videos. Today as I watched your description of your understanding of the magnetron operation for just a moment a light went on in my mind. I suddenly had a glimpse of understanding of the "How." I have read about the function of magnetrons and their fascinating history (A Secret Weapon, highly classified!). Still when it came to How it actually resonated always stayed in my mind as "...and then Magic happens." Today I think I understand and will go back to the books.
That alone is worth boosting my Patreon support. I encourage others to give as they can to support DGW's continued efforts.
Thanks for this nice message and for your support ;)
I felt the same but quickly realized I was learning more from this channel than any other.... Best channel😁👍
I concur!
@@DiodeGoneWild I'm actually here because of ElectroBOOM: he mentioned your video about that shockingly dodgy electrocuting shower head.
I couldn't agree more!
I also found the equipment used a little dodgy at first, and thought he barely knew what he was doing, but know i feel quite the opposite now, no doubt he knows what he's doing and he is impressively good at communicating it.
But as they say: "If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it"
Thanks to DGW for the fantastic videos :)
doing a physics lesson in a second language is impressive by itself......of course
Excellent information .Thank you sir
He’s so close to getting the accent done well. He just needs to work on the ending of his words
He is quite an impressive guy😊, love his videos.
I like his accent
I thought First😊 was Scottish
A friend of mine whilst preparing to open a RADAR museum was given permission to look through the GEC research laboratories in Wembley after they closed the site. He discovered all the Magnetron prototype blueprints, correspondence marked top secret, production drawings etc...The whole history of the Magnetron from the late 30s through to the late 40s boxes full.
In the event the museum idea fell through , yet nobody seemed interested in the complete history of the invention that arguably saved the world. The Imperial War museum didn't want them etc..They are still sitting in cardboard boxes. I have some scans. They also made and developed some great audio gear (like KT88 ) along with dozens of other amazing things etc.
Great video as usual. Love your channel.
Wow! Interesting stuff. I hope it is at least preserved. One day we will want to know where our technologies came from.
It would be a great idea to digitally preserve the whole stack, but that would fill up your schedule for the next couple of weekends, no doubt.
@@suey1690 My time is my own. If these are at risk of disappearing it could be a worthy mission.
Dear Martin D A,
As a physicist and researcher working on microwave plasmas, your story catches my attention. Such files would be invaluable for the history of science but also for teaching at the university (particularly for electrical engineers, physicists). I assume that such files aren‘t classified any longer (besides that commercial magnetrons are obviously under patents protection and actually so cheap to produce that no one would spend time to design one nowadays). Making such historical files, in a way or another, available would save prior knowledge to posterity and shine light on the (to my knowledge) not so well described physical principles that led to their design. Is there any way to access these files and to see if they could be made open to the scientific community? Thanks in advance for your reply!
Kind regards,
Emile Carbone
@@eadcarbone I'm sure it could be arranged. I will ask. I will let you know shortly. Thanks Emile.
Beryllium oxide was very common a long time ago, but most modern magnetrons do not use it anymore, but use aluminum oxide instead. From what I have been told- again, I can't say that this is fact- a pink insulator indicates that it's a newer aluminum oxide insulator. A white insulator could be anything, and should be assumed to be beryllium, especially on a newer unit, because the pink color- as I've heard- indicates that it's aluminium oxide, with chromium oxide added. Once again, this is information I've learned from a third party, I can't vouch for its accuracy. What is certain is beryllium oxide WAS used in older magnetrons, and may still occasionally be used today, though most have switched to aluminum oxide.
Pink color makes sense when sapphire is made of aluminum oxide hence the pink color on cmm probe tips. I wonder if that's its spectroscopy color too? How they detect elements on planets/stars
That's weird, I just read online that pink is beryllium
bro i have just smashed a white insolation and inahled it accidently :(
@@picanazo420 Nice
@@picanazo420*Dumb ways to die*
In some old russian owens, "military grade" magnetron design used, and yes, that magnetrons contains BeO. But, in that case some warning labels are present (at least in russian language)
This is the most interesting explanation (and teardown as well) I've ever met on this topic.
Big thanks!
The best way I've heard to describe the operation of a magnetron is to think of blowing air into an empty bottle, the air resonates in an empty cavity, just as the electron cloud resonates in the cavities of the magnetron as they rotate in the magnetic field...
This honestly makes sooo much more sense now.
This is hands down the most informative electronics channel in the whole internet.
I follow every electronic channel in TH-cam (some are so small they might have 50 or so subscribers) i watch hundreds of videos about electronics and I'm not exaggerating when I say it.
Thank you very much sir.
9:00 Man, your cat is more useful than most of the tools in my workshop.
Magnatron: Guess i'll die
- Live for the swarm!
Probably got a little booger on the antenna that shorted it out. That's what the mica window is for so the splatter doesn't get in there and fuck up the magnetron.
My head is swirling just as the electrons inside the magnetron! Great video!
Amazing job, thank you. For the first time ever, I have an intuitive feel for how the magnetron works, with some great insights.
Just after last video I got very interested in precisely this: what is inside a magnetron!! Thank you for the video Diode! Love your content!
Great analyses and explanation of the magnetron. First time I have seen one taken apart. Very interesting design. Keep up the excellent video's DGW.
Pink in Beryllium is merely a added colour, as the oxide itself is white. Not al pink insulators are beryllium oxide, in general it is only used where you need very good thermal performance and a very high insulation resistance, and it is good at this, though very expensive, so in most applications you use a much cheaper aluminia instead.
Yeah, the pink is usually due to chromium oxide. In both cases. Both beryllium oxide and Aluminium oxide are really pure white. Pink or white insulator means nothing to indicate what it is.
Excellent DGW :o) Spark plugs before WWII used to have insulators the same colour as the rf output insulator here - and they were mostly made from aluminium oxide also I believe.
If it was up to me to come up with something like this, we'd still be cooking in pots over a fire.
My hat goes off to anyone that actually understands how this stuff works. 🤯
A magnetron is quite facinating piece of alien technology even for me as an electrician.
Finally a new video. Where have you been man? I keep checking for new materials.
Enjoyed the video and your knowledge in Black Magic.
Noticed it is RARE to read SO MANY positive comments regarding someone explaining electrical things on TH-cam.... Well done
19:08 36 uR/h, not great, not terrible!
MagnetronGoneWild
This is the best, most comprehensive and complete explanation of a magnetron that I have seen, thank you. :-)
What a COMPLEX could be a SIMPLE microwave oven. Thanks for your great video and explanation.
Who ever Designed the Magnetron is a Genius...
Many thanks for sharing this the tear down and operation it's fascinating I've always wanted to know about them hats off to the designers....
You are an excellent teacher!
Very good esplanation about inside Magnetron. Thank You Sir.
I love your lessons! You are in absolute the most interesting you-tuber in this charming subjects!
A good explanation, very interesting, thank you.
Great explanation and loved your diy GM counters too!
Thanks for, as usual, a very informative video!
I really appreciate watching your videos and I like to learn from your channel
Such a poetic and musical accent. I could listen to this man reading the telephone directory!
As my mother always used to say when i took something apart "very interesting dear, now lets see you put it back together". Fascinating, thanks for explaining!
Can't you hear his cat saying exactly this??)
@@jkobain Indeed, that is purrfectly clear :-)
Ah, now that sounds familiar - my mother used to say the same thing. 😄
@@MaryAnnNytowl My favourite was a broken film cine camera when I was about 11. The little lens was just about the only useful object remaining after all the screws had been removed. :-)
I dismantled so many microwaves and i never know that the main body of the magnetron is made of clean copper, so much metal went to the scrapyard for price of scrap instead of millberry copper that i dont want to think about it..
As always really good video, keep it up :)
Well. Beryllium oxide is also there a lot so not worth the risk
@@peterzingler6221 several people already said that the newer ones aren't beryllium oxide, but aluminum oxide, like the content creator said. Either way, the blasted thing wasn't damaged in any way, anywhere through the video, clear to the end. And if people are concerned, there are these things called respirators.
Yet another nice video. Magnetrons are part of our lives but scary in various ways.
2.45 GHz isn't used because it is the best frequency to heat water. The main reason is that the size of the magnetron as well as the oven chamber scale with the wavelength. Commercial microwave ovens, where size and weight isn't as much of an issue, sometimes run at lower frequencies (
Not only that, little things won't heat at all. At my old shop I had a crappy oven to heat water to make instant coffee. One day I put the jar of water in (use a jar not a nice cup cause of lime mess) and noticed a little spider inside as I closed the door and hit the timer. Die spider....what .......it's still moving, steamed up and still moving. Ding, hot water and a live spider. I took tissue paper to the spider and had coffee. Lesson: dirty insides of microwave ovens are NOT sterilized in any way shape or form and there is a fan blowing that stuff around your food! Little bits of meat blast off and germs, oh my!
@@echodelta9
Germs flying around aren't an issue. The same thing happens outside of the microwave anyway. If they multiply enough, then they can become a risk, but that's due to inproper storage.
If you have a microwave oven with a rotating dish, the waves will form a static pattern within the chamber. The spider had the "luck" of being in one of the non-irradiated spots.
There are also ovens that don't have a rotating dish. Those have a microwave "scrambler" that makes the waves move around a little and you get fewer hot and cold spots.
@@echodelta9 what did the spider do to you, except try to catch bugs that cause people more problems? Flies of all varieties, for example, spread more germs than any microwave would do. 🙄 Should've let the spider go in a cabinet or something and let him do his job. 🙄
- There are some screeeews, let's unscreeew it! XD
If you watch his Czech language videos, his English will make sense to you. Personally I love Diodes English, it helps me relax. I have a Czech friend who's English is very different to Diode's. My friend over-pronounces the letter U as an ooo sound but thats about it. Its fun to get him to say duck, pluck and plus as they come out as doook, ploook and ploos. Very cute :) lol Have you tried rolling your R's, it's next to impossible for me as an English man. Diode rocks at rolling R's :D love it :)
@@JohnnyX50 you said it like I mind his accent. Not at all!
here is my cat of coourrrse
@@santi308 that's niiiice! XD
@@jkobain quite dodgy
Happy Thanksgiving from Texas!
Stay safe...as you can LOL
Great video as usual ! TNX 4 upload !
Great video - very informative, and understandable. :D
Hey excellent job cutting that apart yes at very high frequencies ac ground and positive float in between. And explaining it also. Watched a video on how they are made quite interesting. Keep the videos coming
Best channel ever...
Thoroughly enjoyed it and I have learnt a lot many thanks
Very helpful video 👍
i learn a lot from you and you make it very easy , thank you .
Excellent Presentation! Thank You.
This guy sounds like he's singling. Nice video!
This helped a lot.
Thanks
This video is the best, video from U.S shows how good looking and how smart they are, but ... no nutrition at all, thank you so much~
Good work brother
Awesome job, thank you!
Sir in the first place we bow down unto you and seek your Blessings as you are an Eminent Teacher, a one Man Institution or a University.
I am a Senior Citizen age 70 yet I learn alot from you.
You subjective Explantion with so much of clarity and indepth knowledge in details can amaze any student and if one has a bent of mind for learning you are an Ocean.
I want to see your face which always remains hidden but Sir please oblige us and in one of your Videos tell us all about yourself for we worship you for your knowledge.
I sincerely Thank You from my Heart and Pray to God that you lead a healthy and have a life span of 100 years to benefit your students.
Those injoulators are soooo danjarooz! XD
I totally adore this guy, don't get me wrong.
He's married, so no chances to become his wife. );
I appreciate your cat's genuine interest in physics! By the way, may I ask what you do for living? I'm a physicist and I like all of your videos very much!
Simply magnificent vid...cheers.
4:16 "but I still have to cover my ass..." this is really going to be wild :D
Hahaha 😂😂
It is used in czech quite often, it has a different meaning ofc. :)
@@What8Bit I am Slovak...
Hi! you are doing good job and explained very well
Thank you for a great video
Love your Geiger counters, that looks like a backlight transformer from a LCD TV used for the high voltage supply? And a PIC based counter? Video please!!!
Good guess. It actually comes from a CCFL tube base (which is basically the same thing). See his website for details on this and other projects: danyk.cz/gm_ind_en.html
Wonderful episode Thanks.
starei ore ed ore ad ascoltarti!
10:30 those Dremel wheels are usually more for cutting harder metals like aluminum, steel, and iron, they don't cut well through soft materials either due to build up of dust sticks around where you're cutting or the softer particles will gum the blade especially with plastics, they make reinforced wheels but those things tend to cost too, plus they tend to be thicker, so you lose a little precision depending on what you're cutting
Correct me if i am wrong but copper should be harder than aluminium but softer than steel at least that what i have been experiencing when cutting steel/copper with angle grinder althou dremel and discs for it could be different. have an awesome day Sincerely random internet stranger, sorry for my bad english.
@@milanhlavacek6730 well angle grinders wheels tend to be much thicker, the Dremel wheels cut through aluminum, steel, and iron fairly easily, I'd say copper is softer than aluminum, alteast its much more ductile than aluminum, copper is soft enough to cut with a steel blade (with pipe they make cutters that screw on and you twist and it simply cuts through) it has a tendency to melt and stick around the cutting area, and gums the wheel as you see when he puts pressure the friction drastically cuts the Dremel speed, using less pressure and keeping the rpm high like he described works that's what I do though id have a piece of scrap steel or something so if the wheel feels gummy I just grind it on that to clean it up a little
English is fine btw
@@Clancydaenlightened thank you for taking the time to explain, im like 14 so i have next to no experience in working with metals, there is lot to learn and people like you that take the time to explain to random strangers on internet are quite rare btw im from Czech republic and like in 9 grade so i dont know that much english have a nice day
Yaaaaay! Magnetrons gone wild at last!
Well well well. Rumor has it that this is now the definitive video on magnetrons. Look like it’s time to fire up the old camera and CGI software and defend my honor.
Now that you know what's inside :-)
& Catch the Berilyum vs. CrO3/polycrystalline ruby discussion further below.
You speak English with a fascinating accent that I have never heard before. Where was your home and what was your first language? Outstanding description of how a cavity magnetron functions!!!
Fifty seven years ago, I used to salvage discarded tube-type black and white television sets from the curbs of the streets of Detroit and I salvaged their tubes, capacitors and resistors to fabricate a 'ham' (amateur radio) transmitter out of scrap. The era of those of us who constructed working radio sets from scrap is gone. Behold the new era!
I thank you for your technical explanation of our new frontier.
Clinton
I live in the Czech Republic and my first language is Czech. People usually never get rid of a strong accent if they start learning a foreign language too late. Only kids can learn to speak as natives do. When I was young, I've also taken apart some vacuum tube TVs and radios and build something from them. Nowadays it's a different era, but there's still a lot of things people can build or fix. The things we used to build are now cheap and readily available, but there are things that make sense to build nowadays, and those were impossible in the past.
VERY good video! Thank you and keep up the good work!
great information. thanks
I found it interesting that you were able to measure some form of ionizing radiation from thoriated tungsten, even though it was in a plastic sleeve, as it's typically an alpha emitter. Either way, a neat tear-down. For those wondering about the 'black magic,' as an example: at 2.45 GHz, a mere 0.5 pF capacitance has a reactance of 130 Ω, and there is actually much more than that going on. }:)
its reactance is 1/angularspeed*capacitance at that frequency it should be much smaller maybe you are confusing the inductors reactance?
Thank you for detailed knowledge. I just sliced one of my magnetron just to see inside. Should i throw out cathode ? If its radioactive.
Thank you for the upload.
Nice. Thanks for the video 👍
Thank you very much for the explanation
Don't you ever try to die! Who am I going to watch during breakfast? :-)
Beryllium oxide is really only dangerous if your machining it or doing some other process thats creating lots of dust. Just cracking the ceramic probably wont be an issue. We used beryllium alloys as well as ceramics and our in-house machinist had to take some special precautions when turning or milling it.
I love your video!!! Thank you very much
Thank you I understand how it works.
i love watching your videos..
that was very useful, thank you 🙏
Love it! Now you have a radio active cat!
Perfect bench presentation. Tnx.
Full postmortem of Magnetron. Lots of info in this video. Thank you very much.
Thank you for this very interesting video
i was wondering is there any way to condense the microwaves into a beam like a laser tube to make it a long range beam?
Excellent video
Thank you for your informative video 👍
Awesome vid bud. I really like these. Do u have a doctorate in the electronic field ? Your knowledge is far beyond many.
Great job
Love your vids, Sir !..and you Cat as well.
18:55 if the filament emits alpha radiation some of it may be shielded by the plastic wrapped around the wire pieces I assume..
True
Wonderful!
Very informative video...well done bro
Black magic for sure. Crazy device. Thanx.
The cat at 8:53 coming to check out what are you doing xD
I believe that the cathode filament still is isolated from the magnetron body / anode. Thereby the cathode which has the high (negative) potential cannot directly influence the voltages at the output or anode area in general.(see 17:30)
I would believe that the output impedance is lower than with normal electron tubes. Judging by the size of the output connection there might be several amperes of RF power, which correlates to probably less than 100 volts of voltage at that point.
Thanks again for a great video!
Thank you for debunking the Beryllium Oxide myth. It's like an urban legend that wouldn't just go away
Big solute to your Knowledge....
👏👏Good one. Thanks.