8 años que subiste este video. Un amigo me regalo un equipo igual al que usado para ajustar la antena (Jonhson Messenger 123) para mi colección. Un equipo que hizo historia, excelente calidad.
Podría hacer uno mejor si le pusiera más patas. Y lo puse alto en el cielo y mi longitud estaba un poco apagada, por lo que la ROE era un poco alta y pude hacerlo mejor.
It worked but it was not up very high and didnt get out good. I would like to put a stainless steel whip on a tall pipe way up with some Antron99 ground planes add on. I have a ground plane from my old 99 I could put on a whip it would probably work great.
Not long ago I mounted a 102 whip flat down tight against a metal pole barn roof with a 40x48 foot print using the entire roof as a ground plane. SWR flat from 26.0 to 28.0 then slowly climbs 1.1 down into 25 and up into 29. Broadest band coverage I’ve ever experienced, no spring just the 102 whip. I talk all over the lower 48 and up into Canada. I always get reports of loud and clear, and often accused of running power, the radio is so quiet sometimes I think it’s not on. Sweet deal for a $ 20 antenna.
shartne how long was the fiberglass whip? Fiberglass whip uses a small copper wire inside and does not resonate at 102 inches, it resonates around 96 inches. And when you say mounted on your barn roof, exactly how was it mounted? My 102 inch whip is mounted down flat tight against the roof, zero space, So the metal roof can be the ground plane radios all around it. I could send pictures if you want.
drvshaft drew thanks I figured that it may not have good swr but I was surprised to find it did have great swr. It was only a few bucks for the the pvc pipe and the UHF Female SO239 Panel Chassis Mount Flange Deck Mount this antenna was so cheap less than five or ten bucks to make I love it. I talked to a guy after I got it made he said it sounded great!
Hey Drew how you been man ?? I didn't know you were into CB radio ... I'm setting up my new shop now... Just about got all my equipment set up. Waiting on that expensive coax to come in so I can make all my lead's and cable up ..
I used to make 262 centimeter (103 inch) vertical arials with a 262 centimeter counterpoise, sometimes called a rat tail or tiger tail. This made a vertical 524 centimeter (206 inch) vertical dipole fed in the middle. These antennas did really well during the good days of great radio propagation. It was common to make QSOs with other nations. Which would you say is better, a vertical dipole antenna or a ground plane antenna?
That is very interesting a tiger tail. I read about it and it said it makes it into a half wave antenna. I would like to try that. The tail must hang straight down? Can the antenna mount still be grounded to the bed of the truck? Or is this for a whip on a pipe on the yard? This might be the answer to making a homemade whip for a base antenna on the peak of my house. Grounding the whip is not easy to do making home made ground planes. I have done it with wires but its hard to make it go in all four directions because supporting the wires is not possible up in the air. I made one that had wire ground planes that went two directions it was not great but it didnt have a tiger tail. Dipole is better for skip because the take off angle is steeper. but not any good for talking local because they wont be able to hear you with your angle so steep it will go to high.
@@shartne Unfortunately, the vertical dipole must be center fed, unless you have an impedance matcher. It would ne too ungainly to put on a vehicle. I just put a horizontal piece of pipe at the peak of the roof and have it hang off the edge for about 2 meters, (6 feet). Then at the end of the horizontal pipe I put the perpendicular, homemade, vertical dipole. Only the radial going up from the pipe has to be made of a material a whip can be made out of it. The counterpoise (tiger tail or rat tail) can just be a length of cable or wire the same length as the vertical. The rat tail hangs from the bracket that should be grounded to the chassis ground or have the ground plane radials coming from it.
@@indridcold8433 I made a zeppelin antenna and it worked marvelous but ended up cutting down that tree because it got rotten. I would put it some place else but it would take 140 foot of coax to get over to the other trees and up into the tree 30 or 50 foot. I might do it. I bought a dipole antenna off of ebay Im too fat to lean the ladder against the trees and climb the ladder. It only needs to go up 15 foot. I would climb a step ladder 14 foot tall they are pretty expensive. It would be fun to do though.
@@shartne I am not familiar with a zeppelin antenna. I will have to look some diagrams. I am not an amateur radio operator. Thus, my knowledge is limited.
I had eventually bought a Antron 99 And it worked really awesome until lighting struck it and it blew the antron 99 in a million pieces. Im getting a Starduster next so lighting wont kill it as long as the radio is not plugged in when it strikes it.
shartne -- Ok, dude...get ready for a novel response...lol. I am the only "Tech Guy" within about 100+ miles of my area, so everyone brings their gear to me to have fixed, peaked and tuned, converted, modded, echo boards and roger beeps installed, mics wired, entire rig setups...you name it. CB's, HAM gear, linears, antennas, computers. I have had every antenna made...when I got mine, they had just come out and were called the M400 Starduster. When I set mine up, I set it up with an MFJ Digital Antenna Analyzer...and I worked with it until I got the SWR's to 1.0, it actually fluctuated into the negative at times, it was that low and perfectly set and matched. On the collar where the ground plane radials are screwed in, I attached and ran some really thick, solid copper core insulted ground wire to an 8 foot copper ground rod at the base of my antenna mast. That was the most perfectly matched and grounded antenna I ever had...and everyone within 50+ miles could damn sure tell the difference from the Antron 99 that I had been running before. I didn't even have to kick on my amp which was an X Force XT40012 that did around 1200 watts easy. I increased around 3 to 5 "S" units overall on everyone further away, and people in town swore up and down I was running my amp, and I wasn't...but when I did kick that thing on...good Lord, I was pegging meters everywhere. It is one HELL of an antenna, just get the SWR as close to 1.1 as possible, and run that ground wire, and you'll be good to go. Only one flaw with it, though. Where the vertical element is attached is very weak, mine broke right at the base after a bad storm...it took a bit to fix it, and I re-inforced that section extra well...overkill actually, but it's something worth mentioning. Overall, it's a damn good antenna if you extra re-inforce the connections...just advice, take a piece of aluminum tubing about 4 to 6 inches long that just fit over that first top section of the antenna, cut slots in each end about an inch or two in and then use a couple small hose clamps and clamp it down good and tight over that area that attaches to the base...THEN you're good to go. Who knows, that may have been an issue that they already fixed. Just a heads up just in case. 73's, bro...from Gunslinger in Southwest Oklahoma.
I would like to find some aluminum tent poles long enough to make a different antenna. The SWR was not near close enough but its a lot closer on my whip on my pick up and works good. I have a new radio now several of them all kinds. They are a lot better sounding than this old Johnson. I have a bunch of galaxy 33s and a cobra 148 GTL and my favorite is my Stryker 440. I had a Antron99 but lighting made short work of that. I might get a star duster becasue they are cheap and a quarter wave and light weight. Not the best antennas but not bad for the money and they could survive a lighting strike possibly. It seems I might have heard you on skip once.
shartne You've probably heard me...Gunslinger443 in Southwest Oklahoma...all over the band and 38 LSB. One of my hobbies is building base antennas and trying them out. Currently I built and am using a mobile mirror mount on my pole with an 8.5 foot steel whip with an aluminum strip cross section with an 8.5 steel whip on each end. SWR's are 1.1 to 1.2, basically a vertical dipole...but it works.
two half inch pieces of conduit 98 inches long, with 1 inch separation between them screwed to a piece of 1X2 wood with center conductor from coax going to upper tube and sheild from coax going to lower tube at center point of vertical dipole will make you a flat swr dipole for cb, it will handle 1000 watts
Off Grid Texas Homestead Sounds good you have to draw me a picture. I need a linear now so I can talk to you. Your 100 miles to the south of me I guess.
Off Grid Texas Homestead I bet this 14 gauge wire can handle a lot of watts. maybe not a thousand. but a few hundred for sure. This RG8X Coax will not handle much wattage.
shartne wire works OK but wire is narrowbanded, meaning its swr is good at one frequency or channel but gets worse the farther you get from that channel. If you use copper pipe or emt conduit then its more broadbanded meaning you have a flat or lower swr over more channels.
Off Grid Texas Homestead hmm interesting facts I learn something new everyday. Thanks. I may try to make a 1/4 wave ground plane out of copper pipe. maybe half inch? I could try to solder some kind of manifold together at the bottom for ground planes. wonder it they have a part like Im thinking of? I need a part that goes up down and out at four 90 s all the way around for the radials.i wonder if there is such an animal?
shartne make a dipole, one pipe sticking up, one pipe pointing down, inch separation between them, both equal in length 98 inches each don't put a ground plane on it, your bottom tube will be a mirror image of your top tube. You can use EMT conduit, you can rough it up and solder to it
ElRazTheGreat1 Oh it not my idea but thanks anyway. I got the idea off of the internet. There are a lot of guys on youtube making antennas I looked at too. I watched a video a while ago the guy said during a lighting storm static electricity really builds up in the plastic pipe and you have to ground the pipe or I dont know what happens to your cb. He said you can really see blue sparks. So I gotta ground it. i didnt have time to today but that will be one of the first things I do tomorrow.
Hey is the Johnson for sale? What a great idea that would be also a good antenna To carry into the field with you and set up on a tripod. Hey thanks for posting
I sold it a long time ago but you can get them on ebay for like $10.00 I would rather see you get a cobra 25 or a 29 or even a 21 for about 25.00 or 30 dollars. I fix them up and sell them for about three times that much but I replace every capacitor so it works like new again. The old cobras are pretty good radios.
@@shartne Yeah sorry it took so long for me to get back to you but my TH-cam wasn’t giving me notifications. Yeah I’ve got a Johnson since this time so good luck stay safe
I bet it is. I know we have lots of Cardinals Blue Jays Robins scissor tails doves owls and even a red tail hawk tried to swoop down and get one of my hens just a few days ago with me standing right there. We live in the mountains of south east Oklahoma it is a pretty forest. I feed the hens scratch and many birds like the Red Cardinals love to eat what gets left behind. It been said Cardinals wont eat off the ground but I have seen them eat the scratch off the ground. the black birds would love to make my cane their home but I run them off. Every bird is attracted to my lot and half? Sometimes I even hear a owl in our giant pine trees.
It was pretty bad I took it down I got a real stainless whip on my ford ranger now it works great. Check it out! th-cam.com/video/rqdU8Mo_Dso/w-d-xo.htmlsi=DjJ6mNyFF7f3Vs89
I have an old ground plane from my old Antron 99 that blew up when lightning hit it. It is a 45 angle. I could use that and it would be great I would imagine.
buck tooth bettys boyfriend lol I have no money that is why I made a 5 dollar antenna. It works really well. I see no need for a better one. But any way what is a moonraker antenna?
buck tooth bettys boyfriend Yeah that would be cool but I dont have the money for all that stuff like a tower and rotor and moonracker. I would really like to have one but I cant for now. Maybe someday I can make one.
YEA THEY COST A LOT OF $$$$. WHEN I WAS IN TO CB`S I MADE A TWO ELEMENT BEAM OUT OT TWO TRIX STICKS THEY WERE CHEEP ANTENNS LIKE $ 15.00 DOLLARS EACH & I COULD TALK ANY WERE.
that might be true? I can always make another one. I took that one down it worked but he SWR was not flat. The whip on my truck is perfect check it out perfect SWR its Flat I use a 10 inch riser for whip adjustment. th-cam.com/video/rqdU8Mo_Dso/w-d-xo.html
1:3-1:5 is a decent swr... here you should try the ebay 1/2 wave dipole I got it shoots skip like no other up in a tree about 30 feet hanging from nylon rope th-cam.com/video/prlW9J2lzU0/w-d-xo.html
shows how much you know. Its built by radio shack stainless steel will last forever. I have two college degress. I bet you dont even have a job shit head. And you only have 6 subscribers and Im one of them. LOL what a dweb. I subed you because you make me laugh.
![[UNCUT] “ช่อ พรรณิการ์” ปะทะเดือด “มัลลิกา” ชี้หน้า สั่งหยุด! I คนดังนั่งเคลียร์ I 22 ส.ค. 67](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/cJ_z_bHnvIE/mqdefault.jpg)
8 años que subiste este video. Un amigo me regalo un equipo igual al que usado para ajustar la antena (Jonhson Messenger 123) para mi colección. Un equipo que hizo historia, excelente calidad.
Podría hacer uno mejor si le pusiera más patas. Y lo puse alto en el cielo y mi longitud estaba un poco apagada, por lo que la ROE era un poco alta y pude hacerlo mejor.
Time traveler here. That ground plane you can get it work with 1.0 at 108 inches
It worked but it was not up very high and didnt get out good. I would like to put a stainless steel whip on a tall pipe way up with some Antron99 ground planes add on. I have a ground plane from my old 99 I could put on a whip it would probably work great.
Not long ago I mounted a 102 whip flat down tight against a metal pole barn roof with a 40x48 foot print using the entire roof as a ground plane. SWR flat from 26.0 to 28.0 then slowly climbs 1.1 down into 25 and up into 29. Broadest band coverage I’ve ever experienced, no spring just the 102 whip. I talk all over the lower 48 and up into Canada. I always get reports of loud and clear, and often accused of running power, the radio is so quiet sometimes I think it’s not on. Sweet deal for a $ 20 antenna.
I wonder if I can do that with my house it has a metal roof? I tried that on my shed didnt work?
shartne what do you mean it didn’t work ?
@@jackson4861 In my case it SWR was over the top.
@@jackson4861 I used a fiber glass whip though. maybe that is the problem?
shartne how long was the fiberglass whip? Fiberglass whip uses a small copper wire inside and does not resonate at 102 inches, it resonates around 96 inches. And when you say mounted on your barn roof, exactly how was it mounted? My 102 inch whip is mounted down flat tight against the roof, zero space, So the metal roof can be the ground plane radios all around it. I could send pictures if you want.
Nice Johnson 123A; I have one just like it!
good to see you got it all working great good job my man
drvshaft drew thanks I figured that it may not have good swr but I was surprised to find it did have great swr. It was only a few bucks for the the pvc pipe and the UHF Female SO239 Panel Chassis Mount Flange Deck Mount this antenna was so cheap less than five or ten bucks to make I love it. I talked to a guy after I got it made he said it sounded great!
Hey Drew how you been man ?? I didn't know you were into CB radio ... I'm setting up my new shop now... Just about got all my equipment set up. Waiting on that expensive coax to come in so I can make all my lead's and cable up ..
@@Budro4764 well happy new year hope you set up soon
I used to make 262 centimeter (103 inch) vertical arials with a 262 centimeter counterpoise, sometimes called a rat tail or tiger tail. This made a vertical 524 centimeter (206 inch) vertical dipole fed in the middle. These antennas did really well during the good days of great radio propagation. It was common to make QSOs with other nations. Which would you say is better, a vertical dipole antenna or a ground plane antenna?
That is very interesting a tiger tail. I read about it and it said it makes it into a half wave antenna. I would like to try that. The tail must hang straight down? Can the antenna mount still be grounded to the bed of the truck? Or is this for a whip on a pipe on the yard? This might be the answer to making a homemade whip for a base antenna on the peak of my house. Grounding the whip is not easy to do making home made ground planes. I have done it with wires but its hard to make it go in all four directions because supporting the wires is not possible up in the air. I made one that had wire ground planes that went two directions it was not great but it didnt have a tiger tail.
Dipole is better for skip because the take off angle is steeper. but not any good for talking local because they wont be able to hear you with your angle so steep it will go to high.
@@shartne Unfortunately, the vertical dipole must be center fed, unless you have an impedance matcher. It would ne too ungainly to put on a vehicle. I just put a horizontal piece of pipe at the peak of the roof and have it hang off the edge for about 2 meters, (6 feet). Then at the end of the horizontal pipe I put the perpendicular, homemade, vertical dipole. Only the radial going up from the pipe has to be made of a material a whip can be made out of it. The counterpoise (tiger tail or rat tail) can just be a length of cable or wire the same length as the vertical. The rat tail hangs from the bracket that should be grounded to the chassis ground or have the ground plane radials coming from it.
@@indridcold8433 I made a zeppelin antenna and it worked marvelous but ended up cutting down that tree because it got rotten. I would put it some place else but it would take 140 foot of coax to get over to the other trees and up into the tree 30 or 50 foot. I might do it. I bought a dipole antenna off of ebay Im too fat to lean the ladder against the trees and climb the ladder. It only needs to go up 15 foot. I would climb a step ladder 14 foot tall they are pretty expensive. It would be fun to do though.
@@shartne I am not familiar with a zeppelin antenna. I will have to look some diagrams. I am not an amateur radio operator. Thus, my knowledge is limited.
Interesting...more or less a home made Antron 99 without the three separate sections. Very cool.
I had eventually bought a Antron 99 And it worked really awesome until lighting struck it and it blew the antron 99 in a million pieces. Im getting a Starduster next so lighting wont kill it as long as the radio is not plugged in when it strikes it.
shartne
-- Ok, dude...get ready for a novel response...lol. I am the only "Tech Guy" within about 100+ miles of my area, so everyone brings their gear to me to have fixed, peaked and tuned, converted, modded, echo boards and roger beeps installed, mics wired, entire rig setups...you name it. CB's, HAM gear, linears, antennas, computers. I have had every antenna made...when I got mine, they had just come out and were called the M400 Starduster. When I set mine up, I set it up with an MFJ Digital Antenna Analyzer...and I worked with it until I got the SWR's to 1.0, it actually fluctuated into the negative at times, it was that low and perfectly set and matched. On the collar where the ground plane radials are screwed in, I attached and ran some really thick, solid copper core insulted ground wire to an 8 foot copper ground rod at the base of my antenna mast. That was the most perfectly matched and grounded antenna I ever had...and everyone within 50+ miles could damn sure tell the difference from the Antron 99 that I had been running before. I didn't even have to kick on my amp which was an X Force XT40012 that did around 1200 watts easy. I increased around 3 to 5 "S" units overall on everyone further away, and people in town swore up and down I was running my amp, and I wasn't...but when I did kick that thing on...good Lord, I was pegging meters everywhere. It is one HELL of an antenna, just get the SWR as close to 1.1 as possible, and run that ground wire, and you'll be good to go. Only one flaw with it, though. Where the vertical element is attached is very weak, mine broke right at the base after a bad storm...it took a bit to fix it, and I re-inforced that section extra well...overkill actually, but it's something worth mentioning. Overall, it's a damn good antenna if you extra re-inforce the connections...just advice, take a piece of aluminum tubing about 4 to 6 inches long that just fit over that first top section of the antenna, cut slots in each end about an inch or two in and then use a couple small hose clamps and clamp it down good and tight over that area that attaches to the base...THEN you're good to go. Who knows, that may have been an issue that they already fixed. Just a heads up just in case. 73's, bro...from Gunslinger in Southwest Oklahoma.
I would like to find some aluminum tent poles long enough to make a different antenna. The SWR was not near close enough but its a lot closer on my whip on my pick up and works good. I have a new radio now several of them all kinds. They are a lot better sounding than this old Johnson. I have a bunch of galaxy 33s and a cobra 148 GTL and my favorite is my Stryker 440. I had a Antron99 but lighting made short work of that. I might get a star duster becasue they are cheap and a quarter wave and light weight. Not the best antennas but not bad for the money and they could survive a lighting strike possibly. It seems I might have heard you on skip once.
shartne
You've probably heard me...Gunslinger443 in Southwest Oklahoma...all over the band and 38 LSB. One of my hobbies is building base antennas and trying them out. Currently I built and am using a mobile mirror mount on my pole with an 8.5 foot steel whip with an aluminum strip cross section with an 8.5 steel whip on each end. SWR's are 1.1 to 1.2, basically a vertical dipole...but it works.
I will start listening on LSB 38 for you especially during skip. My Handle is Solar Freak.
two half inch pieces of conduit 98 inches long, with 1 inch separation between them screwed to a piece of 1X2 wood with center conductor from coax going to upper tube and sheild from coax going to lower tube at center point of vertical dipole will make you a flat swr dipole for cb, it will handle 1000 watts
Off Grid Texas Homestead Sounds good you have to draw me a picture. I need a linear now so I can talk to you. Your 100 miles to the south of me I guess.
Off Grid Texas Homestead I bet this 14 gauge wire can handle a lot of watts. maybe not a thousand. but a few hundred for sure. This RG8X Coax will not handle much wattage.
shartne wire works OK but wire is narrowbanded, meaning its swr is good at one frequency or channel but gets worse the farther you get from that channel. If you use copper pipe or emt conduit then its more broadbanded meaning you have a flat or lower swr over more channels.
Off Grid Texas Homestead hmm interesting facts I learn something new everyday. Thanks. I may try to make a 1/4 wave ground plane out of copper pipe. maybe half inch? I could try to solder some kind of manifold together at the bottom for ground planes. wonder it they have a part like Im thinking of? I need a part that goes up down and out at four 90 s all the way around for the radials.i wonder if there is such an animal?
shartne make a dipole, one pipe sticking up, one pipe pointing down, inch separation between them, both equal in length 98 inches each don't put a ground plane on it, your bottom tube will be a mirror image of your top tube. You can use EMT conduit, you can rough it up and solder to it
That is meat idea, thanks for sharing SH.
ElRazTheGreat1 Oh it not my idea but thanks anyway. I got the idea off of the internet. There are a lot of guys on youtube making antennas I looked at too. I watched a video a while ago the guy said during a lighting storm static electricity really builds up in the plastic pipe and you have to ground the pipe or I dont know what happens to your cb. He said you can really see blue sparks. So I gotta ground it. i didnt have time to today but that will be one of the first things I do tomorrow.
Trim the radials for lower swr.
Hmm you think? I never thought about that? Probably would work better I bet.
If SWR is higher on 40 than 1, the antenna is too long. If it's higher on 1, then it's too short.
Hey is the Johnson for sale? What a great idea that would be also a good antenna To carry into the field with you and set up on a tripod. Hey thanks for posting
I sold it a long time ago but you can get them on ebay for like $10.00 I would rather see you get a cobra 25 or a 29 or even a 21 for about 25.00 or 30 dollars. I fix them up and sell them for about three times that much but I replace every capacitor so it works like new again. The old cobras are pretty good radios.
@@shartne Yeah sorry it took so long for me to get back to you but my TH-cam wasn’t giving me notifications. Yeah I’ve got a Johnson since this time so good luck stay safe
Is that a mockingbird in the background in the opening of the video?
I bet it is. I know we have lots of Cardinals Blue Jays Robins scissor tails doves owls and even a red tail hawk tried to swoop down and get one of my hens just a few days ago with me standing right there. We live in the mountains of south east Oklahoma it is a pretty forest. I feed the hens scratch and many birds like the Red Cardinals love to eat what gets left behind. It been said Cardinals wont eat off the ground but I have seen them eat the scratch off the ground. the black birds would love to make my cane their home but I run them off. Every bird is attracted to my lot and half? Sometimes I even hear a owl in our giant pine trees.
what are you going to do about the SWR ?
It was pretty bad I took it down I got a real stainless whip on my ford ranger now it works great. Check it out! th-cam.com/video/rqdU8Mo_Dso/w-d-xo.htmlsi=DjJ6mNyFF7f3Vs89
HELLO 1.4 SWR CAN BE IMPROVED BY ADJUSTING THE RADIALS AT A 45 DEGREE ANGLE.
I have an old ground plane from my old Antron 99 that blew up when lightning hit it. It is a 45 angle. I could use that and it would be great I would imagine.
IF I had your money I would A MOONRAKER ANTENNA. LOL
buck tooth bettys boyfriend lol I have no money that is why I made a 5 dollar antenna. It works really well. I see no need for a better one. But any way what is a moonraker antenna?
IT`S a big 4 element dual beam antenna .
buck tooth bettys boyfriend Yeah that would be cool but I dont have the money for all that stuff like a tower and rotor and moonracker. I would really like to have one but I cant for now. Maybe someday I can make one.
YEA THEY COST A LOT OF $$$$. WHEN I WAS IN TO CB`S I MADE A TWO ELEMENT BEAM OUT OT TWO TRIX STICKS THEY WERE CHEEP ANTENNS LIKE $ 15.00 DOLLARS EACH & I COULD TALK ANY WERE.
hmm interesting.
Copper resonates at 108 inches bro you cut your element too short!
that might be true? I can always make another one. I took that one down it worked but he SWR was not flat. The whip on my truck is perfect check it out perfect SWR its Flat I use a 10 inch riser for whip adjustment. th-cam.com/video/rqdU8Mo_Dso/w-d-xo.html
1:3-1:5 is a decent swr... here you should try the ebay 1/2 wave dipole I got it shoots skip like no other up in a tree about 30 feet hanging from nylon rope th-cam.com/video/prlW9J2lzU0/w-d-xo.html
1/4 wavelength is 102 inches for CB.
That is the worst antenna build I've ever seen from a hill Billy dawg 😳
shows how much you know. Its built by radio shack stainless steel will last forever. I have two college degress. I bet you dont even have a job shit head. And you only have 6 subscribers and Im one of them. LOL what a dweb. I subed you because you make me laugh.