Also remember that just because a reaction is reversible doesn't mean that it will happen spontaneously. Spontaneous reactions only happen if they have a negative Gibbs energy. Being reversible or spontaneous aren't really related to each other. For example, H2 can burn with O2 to form water. But if you start out with room temperature H2O, it will not spontaneously form H2 and O2 because it doesn't have enough energy. But if you get the H2O hot enough providing enough energy some of the H2O will split back into H2 and O2 and form an equilibrium with water because H2+0.5O2=H2O is a reversible reaction. That is why you don't see things spontaneously "unburn." The "unburning" is endothermic and requires energy.
When I go down stairs by using my energy. Can I reverse the process by going back up the stairs by gaining energy? I think we can't reverse the process on the same path.
That thumbnail was a little click-baity, you don't need that, your channel is *AMAZING!* I've always loved science my entire life and I still learn something new on EVERY video you release! Thank you so, so much for sharing all this!!!
Did you also believe that the thumbnail of him floating after putting helium in his shoes was real? Or that he actually time traveled in his other video? Like really, dude.
Great video! But I felt that the thumbnail is a bit misleading since you are ignoring the composite organizational structure. So unburning ashes and getting a sheet of paper back is going to be nearly impossible. Sure, ashes could be separated and you might be able to reverse them from CO2, H2O, and trace minerals into hydrocarbon chains and maybe ever something like cellulose chains with a lot of effort and energy. But converting that into paper fibers and then milling that into paper sheets is not a chemical thing.
I think he addressed this in his pinned comment discussing spontaneity and Gibbs. This brings in the entropic component as you mention. This discussion likely deserves a whole separate video and would be too much here. Cheers
le chatelies priciple says, that the reaction will oppose the injection. You put in more reactants - the reaction makes more products. you put in more products, the reaction make reactants. you raise the temperature - the reaction lowers the temperature (endoterm reaction) you lower the temperatuer - the reaction raise the temperature (exoterm reaction)
In principle yes. But you added temperature which can be a but tricky. There are reactions that despite exothermic will never (for all practical purposes) occur if the temperature is not high enough, due to kinetic priciples (activation energy). Hydrogen combustion for example. You can mix both gases at room temperature an you will observe no combustion, much less in lower temperatures.
@@antonioamosanchez4912 i agree with you, energy and orientation barriers need to be overcome for a reaction to occur, but other than that his statement stands correct.
I always had this doubt in my chemistry classes that what could be the examples of reversible chemical changes. Finally solved in a unique manner, thank you very much sir!
Holy crap, James. This episode is why I love watching your channel. This reminds me of why I embraced science so many years ago...it's fun and fascinating. Thank you for reminding me of this. You give an old man hope.
Technically, the equilibrium being referred to here is a dynamic equilibrium - since an equilibrium suggests that the amount of product and reactant is fixed at a given concentration
You both make prefect sense and make everything clear as mud all at the same time and that's why I've been watching your videos since you were a shredder/press channel
Unburning paper is done all the time. CO2 is turning back into cellulose in my back yard right now through photosynthesis. It just takes energy to do so. Just because you need to add energy back into the system doesn't make it irreversible. Also notice that just because the process is reversible doesn't mean the molecules are placed back in the same order they were before. So you can set up an equilibrium with cellulose and its gas products because it is a reversible reaction (pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2018/gc/c8gc01092g). But the cellulose won't be arranged in the same order it was to begin with.
@@TheActionLab I feel like this should have been made clearer in the video. Because the reaction is not reversible. It's just that technically you can use the products and through other reactions, you can get your original starting material. Writing an equilibrium arrow to C6H12O6+O2 CO2+H2O wouldn't be correct, as no amount of energy in any form would reverse this reaction. You might run into problems with activation energy and/or reach an equilibrium but to reverse it you would need different reactions. eg. photosynthesis.
@@digiminecraft you said that no amount of energy in any form would reverse this reaction. However we know that isn't true because that is exactly what the overall reaction is in photosynthesis. CO2+H2O-> C6H12O6+O2. The reaction is absolutely reversible. It just isn't spontaneous in the case of combustion. However to make it spontaneous you need the complex workings of photosynthesis. The reaction is reversible, but you have to be clever in some cases to make it spontaneous.
@@digiminecraft I don't agree. Given enough CO2 and water, some molecules are bound to bump into each other by chance in precisely the right way to reconstitute the paper just as it was before. You 100% would need many more than there are in the universe, but that chance is never completely zero, unless you are at 0 K. That's why technically all reactions are reversible.
@@TheActionLab Thanks for your reply! But I meant in a way that isn't growing a new tree and then harvesting the wood to make paper again. Besides, that's not reforming the paper back from the ashes. I mean actually reversing the BURN. What about unburning plastic, rubber, oil, etc.? Forming food back from poop, etc.? (OK, I know you can't remake that same burger or pizza from it, but still, what could someone do?) I know GOD can do it when he has a good enough reason to. I think that's how the physical part of resurrection works, but it has to be really precise!
Officially my favourite action lab video ever you are a true genius in the way you explain such complex and difficult to comprehend concept. I will be all of my students!
Okay, so by the tumbnail I was thinking (not believing) you were going to "un-burn" paper, but the explanation at the end answered that omission very nicely. Cheers!
Regarding both Le Chatelier's Principle and Freezing Point Depression, you've summarized 2 concepts in 6 some minutes where a semester of Gen Chem II covering the same could only be more misguided. Thank you much for keeping on the uphill for these videos-your content rocks!! 💛
I would argue that he did not explain things, though. Le Chatelier's principle works, but why does it work? Saying that molecules and systems "want" to do something is fine, as long as you only need a prediction, but it's not an explanation, which would require thinking about the chances of particles bumping into each other. It's a nice video anyway!
The implications of this are mind blowing! You could reverse every reaction! It’s just that some are not possible with the current state of the universe!
My understanding of freezing point depression is that the polar water molecules stick to the salt ions, therefore it takes more energy to get them to crystallize because you have to remove the intermolecular force between them and the ions, which is why it freezes at a lower temperature. Is this video claiming otherwise or is it just explaining it in a different way?
Not sure you read these comments after some point , but ty for sharing your knowledge. Some teachers are better than others reaching laymen such as myself.
When talking about melting of the ice maybe you should said that molar fraction, not concentration, of the water is lower and consequently chemical potential (chemical potential of the liquid is determined by the molar fraction of that liquid in a solution) is lower which will lower the melting point. But overall great video!
@The Action Lab Where does the energy making chemicals react come from? What actually makes part A and B combine, or split, etc? It can't just happen by itself, right.
Thanks for the very informative video. I was learning about chemical equilibriums of reversible reactions as well as equilibrium constants not too long ago. Your videos add on a lot of knowledge to what I already know. Thank you!
So would this relate to abiogenesis? The molecules necessary for life would have quite a large equilibrium constant, but not infinite. Therefore they would be able to come about in nature given the required inorganic ingredients?
The issue with abiogenesis is complexity, not energy. Energy is abundant, but getting that energy to form a complex, self sustaining system requires enough energy to destroy said system long before it becomes self sustaining. It would be like tossing jenga blocks down a waterfall and expecting to randomly get a jenga tower. The energy required to get the jenga blocks in place would also make them bounce out of place. That's the best analogy I can think of. For a case in point, look at the 'evolution' of E Coli that's been under evolutionary pressure (in a lab) for decades. About 90% of 'evolution' that we can observe is destructive - it's easier to change an organism by destroying genes than by creating genes. Less than 10% of 'evolution' is constructive - it's very difficult to create new genes. Even of that 10%, most of that 'constructive' evolution is possible due to complex translation/copying/epigenetics that require a working genome to start with. It's like saying an AI can learn, but only because someone hand tailored the learning algorithm, and even then file corruption outpaces the rate of file creation. The logic of anti-creationism is that faith is unscientific therefore creationism is false, therefore evolutionism must be true. When closely examined, that's the exact kind of unscientific thinking that anti-creationism supposedly fights. A lot of 'science' falls into the same category, such as the belief that all 'fossil fuels' come from dead things, the age of the dinosaurs, and a number of health fads. We know a lot less about the universe than we think we do. 100 years into the future, we will be proven to be just as superstitious and unscientific as our ancestors 100 years before us.
So how would a piece of burnt paper ever become "unburned", as you showed in the thumbnail? (or was that just "clickbait"?)(I thought you were gonna somehow show that reversal)
Before watching the video, I'm going to say that the answer to the question in the title is no. No reaction is truly reversible without introducing some sort of outside influence like energy, additional matter, etc., according to the second law of thermodynamics. Edit after watching: Great points! But you added something when you discussed reversing, so it sounds like we're talking about two different kinds of reversing. Interesting video though! I'd never heard of this concentration stuff in a reaction.
Technically, you CAN a reverse any chemical reaction, it’s just that some reverse reactions take an INCREDIBLE amount of effort and energy to the point that it’s accurate to say it’s essentially irreversible. For example, you can burn paper to convert it to CO2 and water. If you were REALLY determined, you could convert CO2 and water into simple sugars (and yes, you technically can do this without needing a plant or photosynthesis it’s just ridiculously impractical). Then link those sugars in the right way to make cellulose, and then make the cellulose pulp into paper.
I studied this in my 10 class😅😅. Chemical equilibrium is the stage at which the rate of the forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of the backward reaction in a reversible chemical reaction. *At the equilibrium both of the reactants and the products coexist. *The rate of forward and backward reaction become equal at equilibrium. *chemical equilibrium is dynamic in molecular level. *chemical equilibrium is attained in closed system. Le chateliers' principle When the concentration pressure or temperature of a system at equilibrium is changed the system will readjust itself so as to nullify the effect of that change and attain a new state of equilibrium. Oo i forget to tell about forward and backward reaction or reversible reaction. Reaction take place in both directions are called reversible reaction. In reversible reaction the reaction in which the reactants charge to products is called the forward reaction. In which products charge back to reactants is called the backward reaction. 😅😅
This explaination literally helped my in the chapter chemical equilibrim of my grade 11 curriculum alot ,, thx alot (made the theory live and now i want to learn more ) :D
used to be my favorite principle during high school.. since it represented much more than just describe a chemical equilibrium... I saw it as applicable on many more things (like larger society etc) thanks for reminding me of this again 🙏
Nice trick, but I would really love to see you unburn some paper as your preview picture indicated might be possible and and which you say most certainly is possible.I really like your videos :)
so thats why when using a tiny amount of -40 windshield washer in a driveway it clears it fully out in about 2 hours without help and with more it feels slushy instead..... yet its more effective to use a very small amount that screw the ice in the driveway more effectively
how does this work for solid-only reactions too? how does this work with something like burning paper (like your thumbnail) to reverse it to get the paper again?
can u make a magnetic shield so magnetism doesnt go trught a material or can u make a reflective magnetism material i dont know what is mu metal reflective or anti magnetic or can u make a cooper concave form so it can concentrate magnetic field like a lens or like the microwave cooper inside that concentrate the microweaves into a point so it travels longer or can u make shorter weaves so the sound or microweaves or magnetic weaves travel longer
Yo bro. You should consider position in your reasoning. Comparing reversible and spontaneous is only necessary to explain a side effect of time. 1) Time is where things used to be being. 2) Two masses can’t occupy the same space at the same time. 3) No indivisible mass can occupy the same space for a duration longer than an indivisible unit of time. In summary. Time moves forward because it is how we describe what being is doing.
please explain how, for example, paper could be "unburnt". I don't see how that's possible, no matter how much energy is put into it. Or are we saying that paper could be made back into an organic material after burning to ash? Obviously adding that carbon to a different supply of oxygen and hydrogen could result in organic materials, but I don't think this is quite what you mean. Still not sure how that would work and would like to hear your explanation.
This is how I understand it: as you burn a piece of paper, you turn one kind of molecule into three kinds (water, CO2, cellulose). When the paper is entirely burnt, you are left with only two, which is a more orderly state than having three different things. That implies that entropy will be maximized at a point very close to complete burning, but there will always be a theoretical equilibrium. There is an entropy associated to having a more complex mixture. So, theoretically, if you had billions upon billions of burnt papers, certainly more than could fit in the universe, some molecules of CO2 and water would be bound to bump into each other by complete chance in the exact way that will recostitute the piece of paper.
There is microscopic reversibility, which might be inherent in the microscopic dynamics of the system, and macroscopic reversibility, which is a different animal altogether. Macroscopic transformations in out-of-equilibrium systems involve entropic penalties, which can be very high, thus making certain reverse processes very improbable. The easiest example is that of an ideal gas, constituted by N >> 1 molecules, in the left half of an ideal box. If one removes the partition, the gas expands to the whole box. Will the gas return to the left half spontaneously? Most likely not, since the probability of N molecules going spontaneously back to the original half is basically 1/2 to the power N, which is something like 1/10^{10^{23}}, or smaller.
But when we burn ethanol we get CO2 and water and when we burn methanol we get also CO2 and water. So how would CO2 and water in a reversed reaction know if they should react to ethanol oder methanol or any other alcohol ...or sugar etc.? If it's just a matter of concentration, energy and Gibbs energy.
The thing about organic chemistry is that there rarely is only one reaction taking place at once. Most often there are many reactions, of which one or a few are dominant. When burning hydrocarbons (or alcohols in this case) the reaction is pretty straight forward, it's a redox reaction. Though if you were to reverse that reaction, the products wouldn't "know" what they started as and won't care either. They'll form some random organic compounds, in other words tar. I'm sure someone smarter than me could know how to make ethanol or methanol specifically, but I don't know how to do that, only that there is a way.
@@noob19087 That's the point, there is only one straight forward reaction when burnung e.g. sugar, but there are many possible reversed reactions. A reversed reaction starting from CO2 and water to form glucose would not only require heat, high concentrations and the right gibbs energy but also certain reaction path that goes through several intermediates. Probably you need to separate them and further process them using special catalysts. But in this case you don't have the same reaction mixture and therefore one can not say that the reaction is really reversable. I would say that makes the statment in the video false.
Does this apply to Nuclear Decay? the rate of half-life decay is suspicious. it slows down instead of being constant. does the presence of Decayed material slow down the decay of the rest? could radioactive decay be artificially sped up by keeping the sample very pure?
I was sure you were going to talk about the law in quantum mechanics which states that no information is ever lost and maybe even the information paradox, mostly because of the thumbnail. Still a great video though!
I had been told in my chemistry class that chemical reactions like baking a cake or mixing baking soda and vinegar were irreversible, and remembered thinking that was incorrect, while all my classmates were convinced it was literally not possible. Thanks for validating my intuition :)
Sir, I have a question if I jump from some good height like 4th Or 5th floor with a concrete floor or a heavy thing where I'll standing above that thing and when the heavy thing is going to crash to the land and I jump from that heavy thing to the land will i survive?
We should also consider the second law of thermodynamics in things like this If you let a metal object dissolve in acid then add a ton of product to reverse the reaction, the metal object won't reform the way it was before due to entropy
@@nothingnothing1799 you can look at it from an entropy perspective Something coming back to its original form like that is order, much more orderly than simply forming metal chunks, and order like that is of decreasing entropy, thus impossible to occur by virtue of the second law of thermo without outside influence
@@nothingnothing1799 to get atoms in a certain, specific arrangement, that does take energy, thus it happening spontaneously would decrease usable energy
@@prosamis any difference in energy would come down to temperature as energy would be required to pull the metal out of the acid the only entropy in the entire system would be the overall cooling of the solution, the order of atoms itself wouldn't be affected, therefore entropy has no effect on the reaction as stated. You are unequivocally incorrect.
Also remember that just because a reaction is reversible doesn't mean that it will happen spontaneously. Spontaneous reactions only happen if they have a negative Gibbs energy. Being reversible or spontaneous aren't really related to each other. For example, H2 can burn with O2 to form water. But if you start out with room temperature H2O, it will not spontaneously form H2 and O2 because it doesn't have enough energy. But if you get the H2O hot enough providing enough energy some of the H2O will split back into H2 and O2 and form an equilibrium with water because H2+0.5O2=H2O is a reversible reaction. That is why you don't see things spontaneously "unburn." The "unburning" is endothermic and requires energy.
Anjay
chemical and ionic equlibrium
Fun fact
Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
I just love you videos n you sir❤️ you are my one of most favourite TH-camr
When I go down stairs by using my energy. Can I reverse the process by going back up the stairs by gaining energy? I think we can't reverse the process on the same path.
That thumbnail was a little click-baity, you don't need that, your channel is *AMAZING!*
I've always loved science my entire life and I still learn something new on EVERY video you release! Thank you so, so much for sharing all this!!!
Change the paper to ethanol and it's the same thing as shown towards then end of the video.
He actually talked about combustion in the video tho
@@desmondyung Sure. But the thumbnail implied reversing the burning of paper specifically.
Agreed lol.
Did you also believe that the thumbnail of him floating after putting helium in his shoes was real? Or that he actually time traveled in his other video? Like really, dude.
To answer the question : some reactions are incredibly innefficient to reverse. And if the efficiency is low enough, we call them irreversible.
But they’re technically reversible? It would just take a lot of effort right
@@monki6304 Right. A lot of energy, temperature, and perhaps a lot of pressure.
Tesla would’ve known.
Great video! But I felt that the thumbnail is a bit misleading since you are ignoring the composite organizational structure. So unburning ashes and getting a sheet of paper back is going to be nearly impossible. Sure, ashes could be separated and you might be able to reverse them from CO2, H2O, and trace minerals into hydrocarbon chains and maybe ever something like cellulose chains with a lot of effort and energy. But converting that into paper fibers and then milling that into paper sheets is not a chemical thing.
I think he addressed this in his pinned comment discussing spontaneity and Gibbs. This brings in the entropic component as you mention. This discussion likely deserves a whole separate video and would be too much here. Cheers
I think what he meant was that it is technically possible, but not easy
MA
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le chatelies priciple says, that the reaction will oppose the injection.
You put in more reactants - the reaction makes more products.
you put in more products, the reaction make reactants.
you raise the temperature - the reaction lowers the temperature (endoterm reaction)
you lower the temperatuer - the reaction raise the temperature (exoterm reaction)
In principle yes. But you added temperature which can be a but tricky. There are reactions that despite exothermic will never (for all practical purposes) occur if the temperature is not high enough, due to kinetic priciples (activation energy). Hydrogen combustion for example. You can mix both gases at room temperature an you will observe no combustion, much less in lower temperatures.
@@antonioamosanchez4912 i agree with you, energy and orientation barriers need to be overcome for a reaction to occur, but other than that his statement stands correct.
I always had this doubt in my chemistry classes that what could be the examples of reversible chemical changes. Finally solved in a unique manner, thank you very much sir!
Holy crap, James. This episode is why I love watching your channel. This reminds me of why I embraced science so many years ago...it's fun and fascinating. Thank you for reminding me of this. You give an old man hope.
Technically, the equilibrium being referred to here is a dynamic equilibrium - since an equilibrium suggests that the amount of product and reactant is fixed at a given concentration
You both make prefect sense and make everything clear as mud all at the same time and that's why I've been watching your videos since you were a shredder/press channel
I just want to know what reaction is happening in your hair? Is that reversible? LOL - just kidding, great episode.
Okay, so let's see you unburn some paper or other stuff then. That ought to be really interesting!
Unburning paper is done all the time. CO2 is turning back into cellulose in my back yard right now through photosynthesis. It just takes energy to do so. Just because you need to add energy back into the system doesn't make it irreversible. Also notice that just because the process is reversible doesn't mean the molecules are placed back in the same order they were before. So you can set up an equilibrium with cellulose and its gas products because it is a reversible reaction (pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2018/gc/c8gc01092g). But the cellulose won't be arranged in the same order it was to begin with.
@@TheActionLab I feel like this should have been made clearer in the video. Because the reaction is not reversible. It's just that technically you can use the products and through other reactions, you can get your original starting material. Writing an equilibrium arrow to C6H12O6+O2 CO2+H2O wouldn't be correct, as no amount of energy in any form would reverse this reaction. You might run into problems with activation energy and/or reach an equilibrium but to reverse it you would need different reactions. eg. photosynthesis.
@@digiminecraft you said that no amount of energy in any form would reverse this reaction. However we know that isn't true because that is exactly what the overall reaction is in photosynthesis. CO2+H2O-> C6H12O6+O2. The reaction is absolutely reversible. It just isn't spontaneous in the case of combustion. However to make it spontaneous you need the complex workings of photosynthesis. The reaction is reversible, but you have to be clever in some cases to make it spontaneous.
@@digiminecraft I don't agree. Given enough CO2 and water, some molecules are bound to bump into each other by chance in precisely the right way to reconstitute the paper just as it was before. You 100% would need many more than there are in the universe, but that chance is never completely zero, unless you are at 0 K. That's why technically all reactions are reversible.
@@TheActionLab Thanks for your reply! But I meant in a way that isn't growing a new tree and then harvesting the wood to make paper again. Besides, that's not reforming the paper back from the ashes. I mean actually reversing the BURN.
What about unburning plastic, rubber, oil, etc.? Forming food back from poop, etc.? (OK, I know you can't remake that same burger or pizza from it, but still, what could someone do?)
I know GOD can do it when he has a good enough reason to. I think that's how the physical part of resurrection works, but it has to be really precise!
Officially my favourite action lab video ever you are a true genius in the way you explain such complex and difficult to comprehend concept. I will be all of my students!
Your hair in this video is one of the things that makes your channel the most sciencey science channel on TH-cam.
Did you forget to edit the section with the paper in, which is shown in the thumbnail?
Okay, so by the tumbnail I was thinking (not believing) you were going to "un-burn" paper, but the explanation at the end answered that omission very nicely. Cheers!
Regarding both Le Chatelier's Principle and Freezing Point Depression, you've summarized 2 concepts in 6 some minutes where a semester of Gen Chem II covering the same could only be more misguided.
Thank you much for keeping on the uphill for these videos-your content rocks!! 💛
I would argue that he did not explain things, though. Le Chatelier's principle works, but why does it work? Saying that molecules and systems "want" to do something is fine, as long as you only need a prediction, but it's not an explanation, which would require thinking about the chances of particles bumping into each other. It's a nice video anyway!
This is really trippy to think about, a reaction can be in this weird state of equilibrium.
My teacher explained le Chatelier's principal but I didn't understand at time but this teacher explained very well.
I love u r channel 💓.
So interesting! Thank you for all your amazing videos
The implications of this are mind blowing! You could reverse every reaction! It’s just that some are not possible with the current state of the universe!
My understanding of freezing point depression is that the polar water molecules stick to the salt ions, therefore it takes more energy to get them to crystallize because you have to remove the intermolecular force between them and the ions, which is why it freezes at a lower temperature. Is this video claiming otherwise or is it just explaining it in a different way?
They are related. It’s probably one of those things where it’s the same explanation using different concepts but ultimately is one phenomenon.
Last time I was this early youtube had a different icon!!!
Omg...best explanation of the equilibrium constant and freezing point depression.
Not sure you read these comments after some point , but ty for sharing your knowledge. Some teachers are better than others reaching laymen such as myself.
This video was great. Excellent balance between challenging scientific concepts and real world understandability. Cheers!
When talking about melting of the ice maybe you should said that molar fraction, not concentration, of the water is lower and consequently chemical potential (chemical potential of the liquid is determined by the molar fraction of that liquid in a solution) is lower which will lower the melting point.
But overall great video!
Frankly this phenomenon is just better explained using colligative properties but no one really cares about those
I gotta admit, I thought the title said "is every reaction possible" and my dumbass was over here thinking "ON ONE PIECE OF PAPER?"
Great video. Le Chatelier's principle is seemingly simple but it often puzzling in its consequences
@The Action Lab Where does the energy making chemicals react come from? What actually makes part A and B combine, or split, etc? It can't just happen by itself, right.
I never miss his videos. love them. I learn new thin every single video
Thanks for the very informative video. I was learning about chemical equilibriums of reversible reactions as well as equilibrium constants not too long ago. Your videos add on a lot of knowledge to what I already know. Thank you!
Him: «So maybee you are thinking that adding more iron would bla bla………
My brain: 😐
Randome chair:🪑
so crystal clear, so brilliant video.
You're the best science teacher on TH-cam
This guy is basically science translator.
So would this relate to abiogenesis? The molecules necessary for life would have quite a large equilibrium constant, but not infinite. Therefore they would be able to come about in nature given the required inorganic ingredients?
The issue with abiogenesis is complexity, not energy. Energy is abundant, but getting that energy to form a complex, self sustaining system requires enough energy to destroy said system long before it becomes self sustaining. It would be like tossing jenga blocks down a waterfall and expecting to randomly get a jenga tower. The energy required to get the jenga blocks in place would also make them bounce out of place. That's the best analogy I can think of.
For a case in point, look at the 'evolution' of E Coli that's been under evolutionary pressure (in a lab) for decades. About 90% of 'evolution' that we can observe is destructive - it's easier to change an organism by destroying genes than by creating genes. Less than 10% of 'evolution' is constructive - it's very difficult to create new genes. Even of that 10%, most of that 'constructive' evolution is possible due to complex translation/copying/epigenetics that require a working genome to start with. It's like saying an AI can learn, but only because someone hand tailored the learning algorithm, and even then file corruption outpaces the rate of file creation.
The logic of anti-creationism is that faith is unscientific therefore creationism is false, therefore evolutionism must be true. When closely examined, that's the exact kind of unscientific thinking that anti-creationism supposedly fights. A lot of 'science' falls into the same category, such as the belief that all 'fossil fuels' come from dead things, the age of the dinosaurs, and a number of health fads. We know a lot less about the universe than we think we do. 100 years into the future, we will be proven to be just as superstitious and unscientific as our ancestors 100 years before us.
Okay. So how much " *insert required material* " would I need to reverse the burning a standard sheet of printing paper?
So how would a piece of burnt paper ever become "unburned", as you showed in the thumbnail? (or was that just "clickbait"?)(I thought you were gonna somehow show that reversal)
That's an interesting approach!
Nice!
Before watching the video, I'm going to say that the answer to the question in the title is no. No reaction is truly reversible without introducing some sort of outside influence like energy, additional matter, etc., according to the second law of thermodynamics.
Edit after watching: Great points! But you added something when you discussed reversing, so it sounds like we're talking about two different kinds of reversing. Interesting video though! I'd never heard of this concentration stuff in a reaction.
I don't think the title was meant to imply that you can magically reverse any reaction without having to do anything to it.
@@staxstonecutter1802 Agreed. It was a very interesting video overall!
Technically, you CAN a reverse any chemical reaction, it’s just that some reverse reactions take an INCREDIBLE amount of effort and energy to the point that it’s accurate to say it’s essentially irreversible.
For example, you can burn paper to convert it to CO2 and water. If you were REALLY determined, you could convert CO2 and water into simple sugars (and yes, you technically can do this without needing a plant or photosynthesis it’s just ridiculously impractical). Then link those sugars in the right way to make cellulose, and then make the cellulose pulp into paper.
@@spiderdude2099 I was thinking about the picture to when I made my comment. I definitely agree it would take significant effort like that!
I love this channel so much
I studied this in my 10 class😅😅.
Chemical equilibrium is the stage at which the rate of the forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of the backward reaction in a reversible chemical reaction.
*At the equilibrium both of the reactants and the products coexist.
*The rate of forward and backward reaction become equal at equilibrium.
*chemical equilibrium is dynamic in molecular level.
*chemical equilibrium is attained in closed system.
Le chateliers' principle
When the concentration pressure or temperature of a system at equilibrium is changed the system will readjust itself so as to nullify the effect of that change and attain a new state of equilibrium.
Oo i forget to tell about forward and backward reaction or reversible reaction.
Reaction take place in both directions are called reversible reaction.
In reversible reaction the reaction in which the reactants charge to products is called the forward reaction.
In which products charge back to reactants is called the backward reaction. 😅😅
What how is that possible!!!
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Watching after 58 seconds of uploading!!!
You could make a chemistry specific channel - you explained this so well
awesome content!
also, R.I.P. to your barber
This explaination literally helped my in the chapter chemical equilibrim of my grade 11 curriculum alot ,, thx alot (made the theory live and now i want to learn more ) :D
Love your videos dude your channel is awesome and I haven't seen much content like it. Keep up the great work
used to be my favorite principle during high school.. since it represented much more than just describe a chemical equilibrium... I saw it as applicable on many more things (like larger society etc)
thanks for reminding me of this again 🙏
Nice trick, but I would really love to see you unburn some paper as your preview picture indicated might be possible and and which you say most certainly is possible.I really like your videos :)
I was almost waiting for some way to mess with entropy 😂😂😂
Cool. What would you suggest instead of salt to melt ice on roads?
This one was a good one. Lots of useful tidbits of knowledge.
I was just learning about this last week
so thats why when using a tiny amount of -40 windshield washer in a driveway it clears it fully out in about 2 hours without help and with more it feels slushy instead..... yet its more effective to use a very small amount that screw the ice in the driveway more effectively
Thank you! Enlightening point of view. Fascinating.
this video is a pure science class 🗿
Literally learned this a few weeks ago, grade 12 chem is wild
unfortunately our teacher sucked
that's y i kinda hated the subject
You cleared up some confusion about this. Thanks.
Can you please create a video about (IUPAC)naming.
Thanks for the interesting content!!! You always make my day! :)
For a split second at the end, I thought he said "... the REACTION lab" which would have been fitting for this video
Today, James makes his great video at 3 am. Yeah!
how does this work for solid-only reactions too?
how does this work with something like burning paper (like your thumbnail) to reverse it to get the paper again?
That is why salt works?! That is amazing! Dynamic equilibrium is blowing my mind!
bro mr muller(my awesome chem teacher) couldn't teach me this in 2 years, ily dude
Not very awesome then, was he? 😆
Two things the universe loves; RNG and balance.
can u make a magnetic shield so magnetism doesnt go trught a material or can u make a reflective magnetism material i dont know what is mu metal reflective or anti magnetic or can u make a cooper concave form so it can concentrate magnetic field like a lens or like the microwave cooper inside that concentrate the microweaves into a point so it travels longer or can u make shorter weaves so the sound or microweaves or magnetic weaves travel longer
Good stuff my brother important understanding
He is the type of guy who answers questions like is infinite bouncing possible
It reminds me of years spent learning chemistry as main subject in high school
Yo bro. You should consider position in your reasoning. Comparing reversible and spontaneous is only necessary to explain a side effect of time. 1) Time is where things used to be being. 2) Two masses can’t occupy the same space at the same time. 3) No indivisible mass can occupy the same space for a duration longer than an indivisible unit of time.
In summary. Time moves forward because it is how we describe what being is doing.
please explain how, for example, paper could be "unburnt". I don't see how that's possible, no matter how much energy is put into it. Or are we saying that paper could be made back into an organic material after burning to ash? Obviously adding that carbon to a different supply of oxygen and hydrogen could result in organic materials, but I don't think this is quite what you mean. Still not sure how that would work and would like to hear your explanation.
This is how I understand it: as you burn a piece of paper, you turn one kind of molecule into three kinds (water, CO2, cellulose). When the paper is entirely burnt, you are left with only two, which is a more orderly state than having three different things. That implies that entropy will be maximized at a point very close to complete burning, but there will always be a theoretical equilibrium. There is an entropy associated to having a more complex mixture. So, theoretically, if you had billions upon billions of burnt papers, certainly more than could fit in the universe, some molecules of CO2 and water would be bound to bump into each other by complete chance in the exact way that will recostitute the piece of paper.
You explained it simply. I never understood that in school.amazing theorem
There is microscopic reversibility, which might be inherent in the microscopic dynamics of the system, and macroscopic reversibility, which is a different animal altogether. Macroscopic transformations in out-of-equilibrium systems involve entropic penalties, which can be very high, thus making certain reverse processes very improbable. The easiest example is that of an ideal gas, constituted by N >> 1 molecules, in the left half of an ideal box. If one removes the partition, the gas expands to the whole box. Will the gas return to the left half spontaneously? Most likely not, since the probability of N molecules going spontaneously back to the original half is basically 1/2 to the power N, which is something like 1/10^{10^{23}}, or smaller.
But when we burn ethanol we get CO2 and water and when we burn methanol we get also CO2 and water. So how would CO2 and water in a reversed reaction know if they should react to ethanol oder methanol or any other alcohol ...or sugar etc.? If it's just a matter of concentration, energy and Gibbs energy.
The thing about organic chemistry is that there rarely is only one reaction taking place at once. Most often there are many reactions, of which one or a few are dominant. When burning hydrocarbons (or alcohols in this case) the reaction is pretty straight forward, it's a redox reaction. Though if you were to reverse that reaction, the products wouldn't "know" what they started as and won't care either. They'll form some random organic compounds, in other words tar. I'm sure someone smarter than me could know how to make ethanol or methanol specifically, but I don't know how to do that, only that there is a way.
@@noob19087 That's the point, there is only one straight forward reaction when burnung e.g. sugar, but there are many possible reversed reactions. A reversed reaction starting from CO2 and water to form glucose would not only require heat, high concentrations and the right gibbs energy but also certain reaction path that goes through several intermediates. Probably you need to separate them and further process them using special catalysts. But in this case you don't have the same reaction mixture and therefore one can not say that the reaction is really reversable. I would say that makes the statment in the video false.
You should do a video on superfluids, liquids that have essentially no viscosity!
Holy shit! Mind = Blown 💥
Does this apply to Nuclear Decay?
the rate of half-life decay is suspicious. it slows down instead of being constant. does the presence of Decayed material slow down the decay of the rest?
could radioactive decay be artificially sped up by keeping the sample very pure?
0:27 nah I didn't assume that. 😂
You know what happens when we assume...
@@TheActionLab 🤣 pun intended
THANK YOU for this revelation / insight :)
Thanks for being a channel member!
@@TheActionLab You're Welcome!
Omg thanks for explaining! I just had a lesson on this lol
I was sure you were going to talk about the law in quantum mechanics which states that no information is ever lost and maybe even the information paradox, mostly because of the thumbnail. Still a great video though!
I had been told in my chemistry class that chemical reactions like baking a cake or mixing baking soda and vinegar were irreversible, and remembered thinking that was incorrect, while all my classmates were convinced it was literally not possible. Thanks for validating my intuition :)
thank you science teacher
How can we unburn paper and wood then if the Le Chatelier's principle is to hold?
One day he’s just gonna be like:
“Hey guys, today we’re gonna travel to the future at the speed of light and see what happens”
That's really cool
OK, now turn toast into bread
So you're saying if I take some sugar and put it on ice it'll melt faster?
I wish this video was uploaded in 2160p 60fps
So this is why water extinguishes fire 🤯
Water extinguishes a fire because it is taking away the thermal energy from the fire which stops the fire from being a self sustaining reaction
Ah, the mystery of the red dot on the cashmere sweater slowly comes into focus…
Sir, I have a question if I jump from some good height like 4th Or 5th floor with a concrete floor or a heavy thing where I'll standing above that thing and when the heavy thing is going to crash to the land and I jump from that heavy thing to the land will i survive?
This blew my mind
I see your t-shirt. Makes me wonder about chemistry and equilibrium of muscles in a long run...
We should also consider the second law of thermodynamics in things like this
If you let a metal object dissolve in acid then add a ton of product to reverse the reaction, the metal object won't reform the way it was before due to entropy
What your describing isn't entropy
@@nothingnothing1799 you can look at it from an entropy perspective
Something coming back to its original form like that is order, much more orderly than simply forming metal chunks, and order like that is of decreasing entropy, thus impossible to occur by virtue of the second law of thermo without outside influence
@@prosamis entropy has to do with a decrease in usable energy, a different arrangement of atoms does not decrease usable energy.
Chaos != Entropy
@@nothingnothing1799 to get atoms in a certain, specific arrangement, that does take energy, thus it happening spontaneously would decrease usable energy
@@prosamis any difference in energy would come down to temperature as energy would be required to pull the metal out of the acid the only entropy in the entire system would be the overall cooling of the solution, the order of atoms itself wouldn't be affected, therefore entropy has no effect on the reaction as stated.
You are unequivocally incorrect.
This is what the mother boxes do in Justice league
Amazing 💙
but doesnt entropy play an important role too? in thermodynamics we learnt that explosions are irreversible due to its huge entropic factor
Explain the Galileo experiment which is in Iron Man and put it in the vacuum chamber