General Embryology - Detailed Animation On Gastrulation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 ส.ค. 2014
- By the end of the second week of development, the bilaminar embryonic disc, consisting of the hypoblast and epiblast, has formed.
Throughout the third week of development, this bilaminar disc differentiates to establish three primary germ layers, in a process known as gastrulation.
Approximately 15 days after fertilization, a thickened structure forms along the midline in the epiblast, near the caudal end of the bilaminar embryonic disc. This is called the primitive streak.
At this stage, the formation of the primitive streak defines the major body axes of the embryo, including the cranial end (towards the head) and caudal end (towards the tail) as well as the left and right sides of the embryo.
At the cranial end of the embryonic disc, the primitive streak expands to create a primitive node, which contains a circular depression, known as a primitive pit. The primitive pit is continuous with a groove, known as the primitive groove, which runs caudally along the midline of the primitive streak.
Once the primitive groove has formed, cells of the epiblast migrate inwards towards the streak, detach from the epiblast, and slip beneath into the interior of the embryonic disc. This process is known as invagination.
The first cells to invaginate through the primitive groove invade the hypoblast, and displace its cells. The hypoblast cells are eventually completely replaced by a new cell layer, which is referred to as the definitive endoderm.
By day 16, the majority of the hypoblast has been replaced. Some of the invaginated epiblast cells remain in the space between the epiblast and newly formed definitive endoderm.
These cells form a germ layer known as the mesoderm, which subsequently forms the notochord, the basis for the axial skeleton.
Once the formation of the definitive endoderm and mesoderm is complete, epiblast cells no longer migrate towards the primitive streak.
At this point, the remaining cells of the epiblast are referred to as the ectoderm, and form the third germ layer.
The ectoderm forms from the cranial to the caudal end of the embryo, such that by the end of the third week, the three primary germ layers complete the embryonic disc.
The gastrulation process is finally complete.
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Things were so cpmplicated before watching this, im a medical student and this helps me a lot, thank u so much, really ♥
me to i am a medical student but his explaination is very goo😍😍😍
Now you will be doctor
I love this field 💞... May Allah give you success in this field .. Aameen 😇
Hi Exo-L 🙌
Thanks alot sir from the bottom of my heart . I underdtand it from your vid in 3 minutes rather than the textbooks and lectures :)
I've been trying all day to understand this only by reading, this was extremely helpful, thanks!
I spent time reading this topic around one hour while watching this 3minutes made me completely understand. Thx!!
thank you so much sir,your videos are so simple, easier to understand and a very important thing not time consuming.
Great work! Immensely understandable and simply explained! Thank you!
OMG embryology cannot be simpler than this !!! Thank you !!
I found it so helpful, you deserve a pat on the shoulder sir
explanation was very clear and comprehensible well done
really help me for my upcoming final exam! thank you so much :)
no one expalins it like you thank you sir ❤
this video was very helpful and well spoken. Thank you so much :)
This is a very good resource, thank you!
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IMPORTANT!
nice video, but i think that cranial and caudal ends are not right. it is just the opposite.. cranial end is away from primitive streak while caudal is the closer one
+Homsi Rre confused me for like 10 minutes.
+Homsi Rre It's ok. When they talk about caudal it's coloured whereas the other side (cranial) is faded, covered :P It's the same when they talk about the left side and the right. The righ side is on the left side on the screen, because it's shown like this in anatomy (in anatomy in general you look from the front, so the left side is the right one and the left side of the image is really the righ one...)
Jasmina Wilk -.-"
you might be right, anyways I have forgotten almost everything about this as I have studied it long time ago.
+Jasmina Wilk Oh, that makes sense. But I hope they make it more obvious even 'we' can understand it too. Confused me for a while. Also do you know, by any chance, at 2:50 that 'Ectoderm continues to form from the cranial end to the caudal end' is correct? It seems like the primitive node extends from caudal end to the cranial end in other videos.
i agree with you
absolutely fantastic explanation
the explanation is crystal clear thanks
YEEEEESSSSS YESSSSSSSS YEEEEEEEEEEEEESSSS THANK YOU!!!! Finally. Thank you so much.
Things were so cpmplicated before watching, im a medical student and this helps me a lot, thank u so much, really ♥
Very well explained!
Thank you sir
my friend and i have an exam in 10mins and this vid really helped us bro🤙🏾
Thank you soooo much!!!!! This was so great!
I'm medical student from turkey and thank you verry much for this video :)
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Thanks for this video , it has been successfully.
EXCELLLENT....THX FOR SHARING......DR. KHALID
Amazing!!!
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Thank you ❤️
Before the replacement of hypoblast cells during invagination, epiblast cells will migrate out of the embryo, forming the extra embryonal mesoderm (EEM). In which the chorion cavity will form, right?.
This is one of the most complicated shit ever.
VanitySlut 98 it's easy when you already have studied
i thought i was the only one who thought this
I KNOW RIGHT :'(
yeah ffs
Sorry to be so off topic but does anyone know a tool to log back into an instagram account?
I was dumb forgot my account password. I appreciate any tricks you can give me
0.59 i got confused on body axis , its show caudal end in front and cranial end at the side of primitive streak, but the area with primitive streak is caudal end isn't it?
In my opinion, cranial and caudal are correctly indicated, but at 1:03 the indication of left and right is confounded. (?)
Superb explanation sir
Thank you sooooooo much
thank you very much it was helpful
Thank you sir..🖤
Thankyou so much!
SOOOO CLARIFYING thanksss
That was helpful!!
Thanks a lot
thank you sir frm my heart
Very helpful 👍👍
thanks alot u r the best
excellent
çok güzel anlatılmış lan, hoca 8 derste anlattı gastrulasyon nörulasyon ve 2. haftayı, sağolun
Amazing video! However, the subtitles are not matching the audio and have some very confusing typos.
that circle in the left side ( left of the primitive streak ) , is it the oropharynge membrane ? and is that the cranial part of the embrione ?
1:04 the video says left at the right side***
is it a mistake?
Thank you very much ❤
You're welcome 😊
thanks a lot
Thanks
Wow thanks
hello, I do not understand why this looks like different ,comparing with the mouse's primitive streak? This is belong to human?
THAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANK YOOOOOOOOu ,,, a life saver
So now, the cells lining yolk sac will be endoderm and not hypoblast?
thankyou
nice its very easy
Also mesoderm doesn’t get between the endoderm and ectoderm at the oropharyngeal plate.
2:54 the direction is not very clear here. You have to imagine that you are looking from below.
I really like your videos, but it seems as though you completely skipped over the process of notochord development. . . unless I'm just not seeing the vid
neurolation not gastrulation?
Does this video tell that epiblast cells migrate from caudal to cranial end....
This video confuses me. In other videos, it looks like the 'primitive streak' is created at the caudal end, and extends toward the cranial end. More explanation or help me out in the comments plz.
ru a doctor yet?
Shouldn't it be called the cranial end at 0:55?
Sir u should have mentioned the notochord as well. Its the most important one to focus around
That’s what I’m here for😭
thank u
Good
amazing video , but one question , what occurs first , placentation or gastrulation ?
gastrulation i suppose
Great Video. 1:03 right and left are mixed up
I don’t understand the difference between invagination and impression.
I am only in 12th class and my book don't even have this much detail but my teacher is teaching all this so that we don't get any problem in entrance exam next year.
But this is not necessary for reading it all
It is the level of mbbs
Ncert is enough for entrance exam
@@yogeshgodara758 coaching institutes teaches all this
@@doctorcapacitor7932 don't read all things it will create confusion.
@@doctorcapacitor7932 my institute was also teaching us everything but I read only ncert at last time
permission to download ^^ thanks
Back to the textbook for you...
Why I can't understand the gastrulation
I always get confused in it 😔
It is not Invagination, but ingression
During Gastrulation 3 types of morphogenetic movements may occur:
1) Invagination 2) Ingression 3) Involution.
Invagination is the most widely used term in textbooks.
Embryology The term "invagination" usually refers to the folding in of a structure to form a pocket. The process shown at 1:31 does not look like the folding in of a structure to form a pocket, to me. Please could you explain why the term "invagination" is used for this process?
That was long ago but happens to be my subject tonight :P
"Cells of the epiblast migrate toward the primitive streak (Fig. 5.2). Upon arrival in the region of the streak, they become flask-shaped, detach from the epiblast, and slip beneath it (Fig. 5.2B,C). This inward movement is known as invagination."
langman's medical embryology 13E.
Which one is the first germ layer. To appear
endoderm
Wth such a brilliant video. But to suggest just keep the instruction clear and precise, no need to paraphase
primitive streak is like the blastopoere?
+misssweethearted Noo
Watch Date :12 June 2022
Not even a minute in and this video is already incorrect... good luck fellow students...
THIS IS WRONG!! The primitive streak begins at the CAUDAL end and extends towards the CRANIAL end!
+Paige Sorenson lmao
Yes in deuterostomes it is that way. What he says might be correct for protostomes, right?
He said the same.I am 16 yo and even i understood that
@@Rainyumz bro you r literally replying on 7yrs old comment to watch video again 😂😂 by this time she is probably doing her speciality 😂
@@CRYMOOre so you're someone who follows her life for nothing? You must have your speciality in following people from youtube comments 😂
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
what drives this process?
Hormones maybe, because most of the pregnancy as well as fetal development are driven by hormones
Allah
I've made a video that focuses on week 3 and 4 of embryology in a summative way that I adapted from another video.. check it out if you have time: th-cam.com/video/saCQ2hZzcTU/w-d-xo.html
its rlly helpful
The labels for "left" and "right" are reversed.
Paul Thomas no they are not reversed.. its d left and ri8 of embryo.. its perfectly correct!!
viki power The terms "left" and "right" mean different things, depending on which way you are facing. Aren't we looking at what will be the back of the embryo, looking towards the head? And if so, won't the embryo's left hand (from its own perspective) develop on the side that has the label "Right" in this video?
Great explanation but one question, the epiblasts disconnect/detach from the hypoblasts right ? 1:36
Chumu
Knowledges are false at 0:57 second.
عاصم جابني هنا
invagination give me a break. *gag*
"The staging of human embryos was not described until the 20th century. Streeter (1941) developed the first system of staging which has now been replaced by a more accurate system proposed by O’Rahilly (1972). However, the Quran was the first source to mention this (23:12-16)." Dr. Gary Miller.
Quran(23:12-16)
Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay);
Then We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in a place of rest, firmly fixed;
Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (foetus) lump; then we made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create!
After that, at length ye will die
Again, on the Day of Judgment, will ye be raised up.
@hama prgasc are you trying to say that the Quran always stole the right information?
Shut the fuck up
hama prgasc can u tell me a wrong thing in this verse according 2 ur morphogenesis??
@@chromeg1014 sperm does not become a clot of congealed blood. It's nucleus fuses with the nucleus of the egg to create a zygote. from there the zygote divides and eventually develops multiple early tissues of which one will eventually give rise to the blood vasculature.
The outer later of the fetus (the ectoderm) forms the distinguishing features of the skin from 5-8 weeks onward, cartilage starts to harden into bones from about 7 weeks onward (i.e. the skin isn't formed after the bone).
All in all I think any argument that the Quran holds divine knowledge or foresight about embryonic development (I'm not saying that is your argument but it seems the original poster of the comment was suggesting something along those lines. However I don't understand exactly what he means by 'staging' so I may be wrong.) would be better supported if it had an accurate description of a cell. An earlier knowledge of cell theory would've been very helpful in preventing many from deaths.
@PRGASC it was proven & it is exactly like what the quran says, may Allah guide you
Human creation in Quran
وَلَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ مِن سُلَٰلَةٖ مِّن طِينٖ
We have created man from an extract of clay.
(Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 12)
ثُمَّ جَعَلۡنَٰهُ نُطۡفَةٗ فِي قَرَارٖ مَّكِينٖ
Then We made him a sperm-drop in a firm resting place.
(Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 13)
ثُمَّ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلنُّطۡفَةَ عَلَقَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡعَلَقَةَ مُضۡغَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡمُضۡغَةَ عِظَٰمٗا فَكَسَوۡنَا ٱلۡعِظَٰمَ لَحۡمٗا ثُمَّ أَنشَأۡنَٰهُ خَلۡقًا ءَاخَرَۚ فَتَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ أَحۡسَنُ ٱلۡخَٰلِقِينَ
Then We turned the sperm-drop into a clot, then We turned the clot into a fetus-lump, then We turned the fetus-lump into bones and We clothed the bones with flesh; thereafter We developed it into another creature. So glorious is Allah, the Best of the creators.
(Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 14)
love the dawah allahumma barik
Thank you ❤
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
Thank you ❤