The Fall of Jerusalem to the Romans in the Year 70
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ส.ค. 2022
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I just finished reading the last book of Josephus’ The Jewish War over Tisha Baav. I have to say it is a shame that we don’t have Josephus’ Aramaic version, as only his Greek version has survived to the present day. He’s a highly interesting figure, very complicated indeed. I’m really not sure myself how I feel about him. But I know I want to like him. It’s hard to read at some points, with so much slaughter and suffering that goes on for so many pages. Romans against Jews, Jews against Jews, famine against Jews, it’s all very shocking. There were parts where it’s clear that Josephus had a serious axe to grind against the zealots and brigands, who recklessly plunged their country and people and TEMPLE into a senseless bloodbath. It was also a testament to the might of Judaea’s arms, that such a small and fractured force could engage with the Romans in such a bloody and frustrating slaughter for so many years. Just a remarkable book. We are very lucky to be able to read it today, fraught with complexities and all.
Thank you so much for sharing this with us all. I am a Christian, and every time I watch your videos, I am more appreciative of our Jewish roots.
This is a great summary of the key events. I feel like the worst thing about the account Josephus gives us is all the odd habits of ancient Roman writing. He puts lots of speeches that probably never happened in the mouths of key figures, and is so personally involved in the events that one can't assume that he is objective.
As usual, another very informative, interesting and useful lecture from Prof. Henry Abramson.
Much thanks and Blessings.
Great information . As a Christian I get most of my Jewish history, which is foundational to Christianity,
Glad you enjoyed it!
@HenryAbramsonPhD if the Romans were ruling over Jerusalem, why did they need to besieged the city from the outside when they were already inside
I just picked up a copy of _For the Freedom of Zion_ , but have yet to get into it. I’m glad you found it a worthwhile read.
Another informative and great presentation. Thank you.
I deeply appreciate your scholarship and objectivity. They are sorely lacking regarding this subject matter. Peace be with you.
great discussion thanks for the program
Have an easy fast Baruch HaShem!
Shalom. What does 'Eldad' mean in Hebrew? In Arabic it means church parish.
God bless Professor Abramson. Wonderful lecture.
Thank you for this video.
This brings so much insight to the Book of Daniel and the fulfillment of the prophecy.
Man! If only someone had warned those poor Jews that the city would be "surrounded by armies", and that "not one stone would be left upon another that would not be thrown down"!
Something on my read list a long time.
Love everything you do:))
Thanks so much!
Thank you very much,
I wish I could get these two books 📕 a real treasure..
Excellent presentation Professor Abramson. Quick question, what were the differences between Solomon's Temple and Herod's ?
The main differences were certain holy items from the 1st temple that were not in the 2nd. Structurally the best way to see the differences would be on google.
@@TheProfessorSocks
Hello
Would you able to know if the 1st and 2nd temple were built at the exact same location ? If yes , is there in the Jewish Tradition any reference to the sanctity of that exact same point where both the temples were built ?
What about the Roman Antonia Fortress who some believe was built where the current Islamic structures stand , and on the other hand the opinion of some archeologists/historians that the temple stood in a nearby place to the current structures but not exactly in the same place ( the Jihon springs ) .
From your earlier reply I thought you might be knowledgeable of Temple related history , if not that is also okay 👍
@@walidjjarrah4776 The temples were built in the same place as each other. Yes, the spot where the ark sat was where Abraham and Isaac went through the sacrifice test, this is its most common claim of sanctification, there are others but this is enough.
The roman fortress (not temple = typo) may have stood there, this is not a contradiction to having two temples there previously.
It is quite natural for majestic structures to be excavated in the vicinity of the temples. The claim of Gihon is not found in Jewish scriptures, and therefore is totally illegitimate, however loud Mr Martin yells it...
@@TheProfessorSocks
Thank you for clarifying
17:39 As evil as Titus was, he proved the existence of the Jews as the indigenous people of the land of Israel. As seen in the Arch of Titus in Rome; it depicts the spoils of war taken from Jerusalem; and even though it was a disaster for the Jews; we have his 'evidence' of our origins in this land.
It is customary for Jews to walk backwards back to eretz Yisroel when there ....
@@HOSPlTALLER Europe was a blood bath for centuries..30 years war killed half of Europe.Spanish civil war,
WW1,Ww2 , Northern Ireland,Kosovo ,Ukraine..
America civil war..
Sono Cristiano cattolico ma seguo sempre il suo canale ed i suoi video. Lei è una persona molto colta e si impara sempre .
Mille grazie!
The Roman's concoured lands to enrich Rome, they built the coliseum on the pillaged Jewish temple that held the wealth of gold,silver and jewels, what became of the ark of the covenant is still unclear,can we assume there was an escape plan? Or a tunnel deep in the temple mound ,not yet discoved? Either way ,humans today are not very far from the writings of Josephus account of turbulence.
General Titus took the furniture from the holy place, but what happened to the ark in the holy place?
@Ricky Ray Interesting.
Josephus writings was quite colorful. Lot of intrigue and scandal. Talks about the early church.
Not too much on the early church as I recall, but lots of material to interpret for sure.
Can you imagine where we would be without the writings of Josephus, I'm thankful we have them.
Its a sobering thought to ponder that if those events did not come to pass in that small remote region of the Roman Empire in that period of time, Jesus, the Roman Catholic Church and all of what we know of to day as Christianity, the many Christian churches, would never have existed.
But it is not really sobering. The Lord was in control at all times.
Before i die i would like one wish just one and it is this answer to a question i have which is ,Why is it that European people who generally care about principals and family before wealth are always pushed to war with each other, there must be some underlying reason what have we done wrong
Why has a movie never been made of these events?
There is a mini-series from the 80s that focused on Masada. Peter O'Toole played Flavius Silva.
Because it vindicates the Lord Jesus.
@The city of King David, Paslms 122:6.
Pray for the peace of Jerusalem, they
will prosper that love you. Be blessed!!!
Daniel Palmer..spot on..I agree..just look at the screen photo shot of “Famous and Memorable Josephus” at 1:34 minutes approx and it CLEARLY states “A man of much honour and learning among the Jews… FAITHFULLY (faithful to WHO.. one must ask) TRANSLATED out of THE LATIN, and FRENCH, BY “THE LODGE” Doctor in Rhyfick…”
I have left the reader CLUES…see if you have “EYES that SEE..”
Where is the menorah located now?
It was probably taken by the Vandals in their sack of Rome. They probably took it to Carthage, and then they probably melted it down.
The unfortunate rebellion against Rome was unnecessary. Jewish fanatics took sway, the Zealots, who silenced moderate voices. This was a great tragedy for the Jewish people. Too much defiance of the Romans did not end well for the Jews. Religious notions of apocalyptic messianism didn't help the situation.
It’s very interesting how this event is never mentioned in the book of Acts.
The New Testament is traditionally attributed to the 50s, before the destruction of the Temple. Some scholars argue that it was written later, or even much later, because it prophesies the destruction of the Temple. However, there were several threats to the Temple in the decades (and centuries) before it happened. So, it wasn't such a stretch to predict that the Romans would destroy the Temple before it actually happened.
The Romans didn't like the early Christians, so they didn't write about their own experience much. It wasn't until Christianity was legalized by Emperor Constantine that Eusebius was able to write his history. There are two lost sources he discusses (Papias and Hegessippus), but I got the impression that Christians didn't want the Romans to get ahold of their names, and their families' names, so they avoided writing much about themselves. The Romans, according to Eusebius, hunted to death everyone who was descended from the people called "Jesus' brothers" in the New Testament, for example. There are a lot of sermons and commentaries in the pre-Constantine period, but almost nothing with names.
@@danielpalmer643 The persecution of Christians had been highly exaggerated and intrumentalized by the Christian fractions that ultimately were victorious over all other Christian groups wirh the climax at Nicea!
@@WMedl This question could too easily become a flame-war on here, but hey. I disagree that the persecution of Christians was exaggerated. I think the Romans really did feel threatened by Christianity and tried to suppress it with a great deal of violence. Suffice it to say that Eusebius emphasizes the persecution of Christians and that the sources which survive all concur that there was persecution of Christians before Constantine.
@@danielpalmer643 I did not deny persecution but this was no continuous proceeding and motivated not by religous but political motifs.
As soon as Christianity became a state religion persecution of pagans and heretics did start and the death toll of victims
persecuted by christians
is much much more higher!
@@WMedl On those points, I completely agree!
11:43 Slay them not, lest my people forget:
scatter them by thy power; and bring them down, O Lord our shield.
Psa 59;11
Jesus warned not one stone wil be left temple, n revelation says outer court gvn to gentiles
shhhhh...
Thank you - as a gentile I have always been interested in the “destruction of the temple” and not sure what it was all about. I really enjoy your talks which help me to understand and respect Jewish history and culture
Gentiles are obligated to keep the Torah's 7 Noahide commandments. Good luck.
@@hrvatskinoahid1048 The Isaiah 53 Messiah said not one joy or tittle of the law and the prophets would pass away until heaven and earth passed away. So we are to adhere to the Torah, as much as we can without a temple or a Levitical priesthood in the dispersion.
The new testament, contrary to Christian tradition which is in error, makes no distinction about one set of laws for Jews and one set of laws for Gentiles. In the Old Testament we are told that the aliens in Israel were to keep the same laws as the native Israelites, if they wanted to be in covenant with their creator.
In the New Testament we are told that there is neither Greek nor Jew. History, and a careful study of the New Testament shows that Paul and the other apostles, and others of the first century believers kept the Torah. This included the true sabbath, the food laws, the high holy days and the new moons.
Just as we see throughout the Old Testament, the people of the Lord constantly went away from the Almighty to follow after pagan ways. This we see in the keeping of a Sunday Sabbath, and then celebration of things like Easter and Christmas.
”YHWH never changes.”
@@psalm1tree466 Isaiah 53 describes Israel, not your idol.
@@hrvatskinoahid1048 The rules of logic make that impossible. It is not possible for Israel to both sin grossly, and be the sacrifice for the sins and the redeemer. The passage makes it totally clear that a man, not a nation, is being spoken of.
The concept of Israel as being the one described in Isaiah 53 is historically rather new.
That idea wasn’t tossed around until people started seeing that Christians saw who Isaiah 53 was all about.
In fact, before the time of Messiah, there were some ancient rabbis who said there would be two Messiahs. One would be a suffering servant, and one would be a conquering king. The suffering servant is seen in Isaiah 53. The conquering king is yet to come. I pray you will be ready for him when he returns. That is all I have to say. I can’t argue with illogic. Nothing personal, and wishing you the very best, and with prayers, you are now on mute.
@@psalm1tree466 Who cares about your logic? So is the custom of this prophet: he mentions all Israel as one man, e.g., (44:2), “Fear not, My servant Jacob” ; (44:1) “And now, hearken, Jacob, My servant.” Here too (52:13), “Behold My servant shall prosper,” he said concerning the house of Jacob.
In this particular seige majority of the men fighting for Rome were mercenaries which is why they were so brutal and indisciplined.
13:11 Agripa and Bernice:
I saw another beast coming up out of the earth. He had two horns like a lamb, and he spoke like a serpent.
Rev 13:11
There's one theory Josephus and Vespasian started Christianity the very first Christian saints where in Vespasians family.
Read Acts 11:22-26. . the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.
Wish you wellhenry on thisdeep part in jewish history in youre lecture👍
Thankyou for showing so much pictorial information and art history #adelizaart
I'm glad you enjoyed it!
13:53. The great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell. Babylon the great (Jerusalem) was remembered in the sight of God, to give to her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.
@user-sx6li9ph9i Babylon the Great was first century Jerusalem. Compare Matthew 23 with Revelation 18.
Two bones of contention, Dr Abramson:
1) Nonetheless, I do not think it is accurate to call Josephus repeatedly a "defector." He stated clearly that he thought it was unjustified to commit suicide, and he "arranged" the lots so that he would be the last one left and become a captive, rather than a suicide victim that was not justified halachically.
2) You are correct that his depictions of Titus and the Romans clash with what the Talmud describes. However, your suggestion here and elsewhere that he was a traitor whose history is suspect, does not agree with the view of most of our great rabbis over the past millennium, who cite him as a reliable source with no caveats attached. Indeed, the Bach says it is permissible to read his works on Shabbos, because they inculcate the reader with a fear of G-d. Presumably, they figured that the reader would understand that he had to depict Titus more kindly, because that was the only way he could get his history published, a history that is of incomparable value to the Jewish people.
Indeed, when I asked a late Chassidic giant of Talmud and Halacha about Josephus, he told me that, in his view, there may well have been some truth in his depiction of Titus. In other words, there is no doubt that he committed all the vicious acts of cruelty described in the Talmud. But we must also understand that even the armies of great modern day democracies commit unusual brutalities in war, and this was even more so in ancient times. Thus, given the humiliations, and the great human and financial losses that Rome suffered to the Jews, one had to expect that he would take brutal revenge once he finally won, in part to scare off other potential rebellions. However, it is quite possible that Josephus accurately depicted him as someone who was not inherently cruel, and who unlike other captors of Jews, did not have a hatred of Jews or their religion. Had the Jews obeyed Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakkai, rather than the many violent and non-Torah-obedient leaders who led the war effort (all of whom Josephus blasted), it is very possible that Titus would even have left the Temple stand. The fact is that he fulfilled all three promises that he made to Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai.
Good opinion...They should have followed Hillel not Shammai .
תודה רבה
A story that becomes all the more poignant - and pertinent with the passing of time.
Jews kept offering sacrifices and Jesus was the final sacrifical lamb. God accepted it on the cross. But the Jews rejected it that's why the temple was destroyed.
Funny, all the Christians scriptures that say that were written after the Temple was destroyed. All the Christian scripture written before the Temple was destroyed never mentioned that it would happen. It's easy to make prophetic statements after the fact, isn't it.
@@jamesr8584 O ye of little faith.
Probably the Vatican still have the spoils taken from the Holy Temple.
A number of important people over the years have witnessed firsthand the existence of key sacred vessels from the Temple in the Vatican storage (including the Menorah and Tzitz), which the Vatican shamefully refuses to acknowledge or discuss, let alone return to the Jewish nation from which they were stolen.
The Catholic Church was in its infancy then and in fact being persecuted. The spoils from the Temple were probably melted down?
@@emmcee662 No persecution on the planet compares at all to the persecution of the Roman Catholic Church. They killed and tortured tens of millions of people, and at a time when the population was much smaller. Why? Because people actually believed in the Bible over them. And even dared to print it sometimes!
I always feel sad when Jews feel Christianity is being represented by the RCC. (Ditto when they actually think Hitler was a Christian. Of course he was a blatant pagan and slaughtered many Christians in Europe, as well as Jews in the concentration camps.)
They maybe should study the protestant revolt and reformation. Though, even protestants don’t fully adhere to what the Bible teaches either in the New Testament or in the Old Testament. Thankfully they haven’t been the gross persecutors of nonbelievers that the RCC has been.
@@emmcee662 But sadly they have refused to this day give any accounting of what happened to our holiest vessels, a number of which have been witnessed firsthand by reliable rabbis or historians as being in the confines of the Vatican as recently as 100 years ago.
Later under the Roman Hadrian after the Bar Kochba rebellion Israel is renamed "Palestine" 135ce.
Entirely destroyed Yerushalem.
The Romans destruction of the Temple was to teach the Jews a lesson on who's boss...
What the Romans didn't realize is that G-ds is in charge of Our destiny... Not Rome...!
@Edward Sullivan My friend, I see that you don’t want to offend the Almighty by saying his name.
But there are many problems with you calling him G-d. The biggest problem is that he never called himself anything near to that. As you can see in ancient documents, such as in the Dead Sea Scrolls, there was no G or D in his name.
His name was written as YHWH.
Another problem is that in the Bible we constantly see saints and prophets and other people speaking the name of the Lord out loud. And nothing in the Bible says that we are not to pronounce it. That rule is simply a tradition of men.
There is much debate as to how his name was actually pronounced since there are no vowels used in ancient Israelite scrolls.
As a Christian, I just call him Abba, As Messiah did.
However, I know from personal experience, and from history that he will answer to the name of God. That is because he is also the father of mercies.
I heard some superstar guy later managed to get the Romans to go down on bended kneee and worship the God of Israel. Ironic eh?
@@billyhw5492 That sounds unlikely. Do you have any data to support that?
God has always had His hand over our wars to create history. Two temples and a mosque in the same place!!!!!! Maybe the 3rd one will be in a different place, maybe at last it will be in the ‘right’ place ????
Josephus rules!!!!
I have a question as a non-jew. Why not build a New Temple in Jerusalem or elsewhere in Israel rather than build one on what was destroid 2,000 years ago ? why not just build another temple nearby or elsewhere ? what is the fixation on this particulair spot
Yes, yes , yes. Isn’t Disney Land in China the same as the American Disneyland? aren’t plastic flowers just as good? There’s your answer
@@alfredopampanga9356 Just build it down the street from the temple Herod made or a few blocks away,what difference does it make ? no land is given up,there is no sensibility trying to build it in the exact same location
@@sumbarine You don’t understand the mystic and religious significance of the Temple Mount Rebuilding on the same site signals “ We are back and Undefeated”. Would rebuilding the Twin Towers of the World Trade Centre be just as good , just as symbolic if built on a different site?”
According to the Torah, the site of the 2 temples was chosen by G-d Himself and is the holiest site on earth - the exact spot where Abraham bound Isaac on the altar, and the point through which all of our prayers go up to Heaven. A Temple at any other site would be just another building, not the house of God on earth. It is not by chance that the Muslim conquerors of Israel declared that this exact location was where Mohammed allegedly rose to heaven.
@@lsmart Fortunately being Christian---I believe God is not a real estate agent & christ taught God demands true worship in spirit,where it happens is irrelevant,However to a jewish person that original temple means something but to reformed jews,it I believe does not
Dear Dr Abramson,
Thank you. I wonder what influence the rise of Christianity had on the fall of Jerusalem?
Would it still have happened if Jesus Christ had not existed?
Is mise le meas,
Jim O'Donnell
"Would it still have happened if Jesus Christ had not existed?"
No, Christians (and some Jews) believe that the destruction of Jerusalem would have never occurred without the life and death of Jesus.
Thanks henry for youre imformativ👍e info im glad you touched on how the fighters of jerusalem set fire 🔥beneath the ramp and siege tower causing it to crash as i saw it on a documentary boy so much stuff accourd in the 1st century things that changed everything completely
G gave 40 years, always 40 yearsas to Moses and Israel in the desert, to the jews to repent of rejecting jesus and crucifiy him, til 70-73 with the fall of Masada and diaspora 2000 years. A big sin deserves a big punishment.
Rome destroyed the Temple and caused the fall of Masada and that great empire no longer exist, but Israel lives. Perhaps the sins of the Church is why Jesus is not returning. Now that's a big punishment. Stop trying to dispute Tovia, and listen to him with an open mind.
@@jamesr8584 tovia is a fake rabbi, as many fake rabbis, because he says that liar allah is the same god of Israel, and this is a blasphemy.
Where gallus legion was defeated at the start of the revolt was it in bethhoron il have to recheck josephus i know judah maccabee had a great victory there over king antiochus
Very horrific🔥 part in jewish history hi henry abramson,😃this season 9of av has seen negative events in jewish history the jews our yehudim😱 where driven out of spain even on this date as well in 1492,ive been studying nostradamus i see his family was jewish but where forced to convert to christianity by the inquisition,he seem to have been a good doctor👍 fighting the plague in europe at the time he seem to have been in deep study on mystical studies like kaballah and other sciences he seem to have had premonitions of the future as well
L
Just as Jesus prophesied -40 years earlier.
Eastern Orthodoxy
Actually 37 years. It was 40 years, apparently, from the start of his ministry, where he was rejected, when the temple was destroyed.
Vatican should pay the price ....
Why the Vatican?
Nah someone should sack Rome again.
You are not the people.
No, we are their descendants.
I TRULY feel for the Jewish (Israel) people, because I “know” that they ARE my brothers and sisters..”whether by grafting in through YaHshua Ha Mossiach, or of the blood line of Abraham, Issac and Jacob, a SAMARITAN, I do not know..). But in 2010, 2011, and 2012, Elohim SHOWED me SEVERAL awesome, and dreadful even, revelations. All of which I discovered a year later, after my conversion from Roman Catholicism, (@ 53 years of age) and coming to study the Bible diligently (researching the Hebrew and the Greek) are the things which are ALL WRITTEN in the Torah/Bible..written in the books of the prophets Isiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel and Revelation..and even from the book of numbers and exodus. Therefore I now KNOW without shadow of doubt that in ALL these things that Elohim showed me I know and believe the Torah/Bible to be THE TRUTH.. to the best if not all, of its content.. and more importantly that the Elohim of the Torah/Bible IS THE MOST HIGH ELOHIM ALMIGHTY ONE.. AND THAT HE IS YAHSHUA in the flesh.. AND THAT HE IS IN THE EARTH RIGHT NOW SEALING HIS PEOPLE..for a VERY GREAT SHAKING OF THE WHOLE EARTH IS CLOSE AT HAND.. (I truly believe it will happen before 2022 is over..if not then that the BEGINNING of this great shaking will start before end of 2022).
HERE IS WHY I BEGUN MY MESSAGE WITH.. “I FEEL FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE.. “
SATURDAY AT SUNDOWN I BEGUN TO PRAY FOR ALL MY BROTHERS AND SISTERS IN THE DIASPORA AND FOR THOSE IN JERUSALEM ALSO..REMEMBERING THIS VERY SAD DAY FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE, AND WHILST I WANTED TO DO A SOLEMN FAST THIS DAY, I FELT IN MY SPIRIT I SHOULD NOT, HEARING THE WORDS OF JEREMIAH 11:14
"Pray no more for these people. Do not weep or pray for them, for I will not listen to them when they cry out to me in distress. English Standard Version "Therefore do not pray for this people, or lift up a cry or prayer on their behalf, for I will not listen when they call to me in the time of their trouble.”
“REPENT OH ISRAEL AND LET US RETURN TO YAHUWH FOR HE WILL SURELY HEAL US” Hosea 6:1
Sorry, this was a historic presentation. What may have been "revealed" to you does belong to your uttermost private psychological history!