Transportation in Plants || Life Processes - 7 || in Hindi for Class 10

In this Biology video in Hindi for Class 10 we explained transportation in plants. This topic is 'Transportation in Human Beings' from the chapter - 'Life Processes' From NCERT for class 10.
Plants take in simple compounds such as carbon dioxide and trap energy in glucose by photosynthesis.
Plants absorb water and minerals, like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron from soil through root.
In small plants glucose and minerals can easily diffuse, but in large trees a transportation system is required.
Xylem moves water and minerals obtained from the soil.
Phloem transports glucose from leaves.
Transport of water :-
Xylem moves water and minerals obtained from the soil. Xylem cells are dead by maturity. So the transport in xylem is passive, not powered by energy. In xylem tissue, vessels and tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant.
Water goes up against the gravity through xylem. There are three factors :
1. Capillary action
2. Root pressure
3. Transpiration.
Capillary action is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, any external forces like gravity. It happens due to surface tension.
Root pressure is caused by ions accumulation in the root xylem and hence water diffusion from the soil into the root xylem due to osmosis.
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants occurring at the leaves while their stomata are open. Due to this, water pressure reduces in those regions and water moves upwards through xylem.
Transport of food :-
Phloem transports products of photosynthesis. This transport is called translocation. Phloem also transports amino acids and other substances to the storage organs of roots, fruits and seeds and to growing organs. The translocation of food and other substances takes place in the sieve tubes with the help of adjacent companion cells both in upward and downward directions.
The translocation in phloem is achieved by utilizing energy. Material like sucrose is transferred into phloem tissue using energy from ATP. This increases the osmotic pressure of the tissue causing water to move into it. This pressure moves the material in the phloem to tissues which have less pressure. This allows the phloem to move material according to the plant’s needs.
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