I find this very interesting. When I was in the Navy I was a fire control technician and I was trained on the AN-SPS 48 search radar that scanned azimuth mechanically and elevation was scanned electronically. To scan elevation the computer used the ships gyros to produce a stable platform and from that a base frequency was selected in the synthesizer to select the desired elevation (angle). Then there were some step frequencies added to the base frequency to do the elevation scanning. One base frequency only scanned a small portion of the full elevation, a new base frequency had to be selected to scan higher or lower. I don't remember how many base frequencies it took to scan the full elevation because that was 46 years ago. What I'm getting at here is I never knew how the antenna directed the beam just by changing the frequency. Maybe changing the frequency is something similar to what you showed here?
Darn i learn so much here. All this theory, yes bunch came along for HAM exam, but IMSAI explains it clear in a way i understand and go a-hah. Yes, so simple and basic and elegant, yes so much magic involved, i love your vids. Simple, elegant, helpful
Finally I get what you are getting at when you bring up 'ELI the ICE man' lol. I have only ever heard the mnemonic CIVIL used (in UK academia) for the same thing. For C, I leads V but V leads I in L.
Phase array antenna and more recently Syntactic Phase Array antenna have many uses including in Radars, medical imaging, beam directing, etc. The Oldest application was Large AM and SW Antenna Towers. They used put several tall AM antennas in a circle and using phase shifting direct the beam in different directions. Now days the most sophisticated application of Phased Array Antenna is to burn cancer cells inside body by directing and focusing beam to the location of cancer cell and burn it. This is very difficult, because unlike air, human body is not homogeneous material and you have to adjust for different tissues and materials to correctly concentrate the beam on particular location. Also, I would use MOS instead of BJT on your first circuit, in order to have less phase error and amplitude error. In BJT Ie=Ib+Ic so Ic is not the same as Ie; whereas, in MOS Id=Is so you do not have to correct for the amplitude. The first circuit is you presented can be used as "Active Balun". Also you could use capacitor and Inductor in series to create positive or negative phase shift by changing the value of C or L. The problem in this type of phase shifters are that they frequency dependent.
I built one, using an opamp cap and a could of resistors and variable resistors. I was able to make six signals on a 100x100 pcb board using all through hole components. If you made this video a couple of months ago I would of tried this. Also I just subbed great video
Modules like the one shown in this video are becoming increasingly popular. Indeed, phased array antennas and their underlying circuitry are becoming popular, not least because there is a lot of interest at the moment from hobbyists who want to know how the 5G network works. 5G towers, because of the higher frequencies and therefore shorter range for the same power, require directed beams to be effective. In addition, telecom technicians are being sent back to school to learn this new technology (new to their field).
Many years ago, people on the "fringe" outskirts of my town would put up multiple Yagi antennas, in order to pick up distant TV stations. That was my introduction to phased arrays in a receiver setup. For ham radio or similar, the ability to deliberately ALTER the phase between signals means you don't just get stronger signals - you can also be more directional. If you can put in 2 (or more) HF verical dipoles but not a long horizontal wire, use this. Got multiple magnetic loops, pointing in different directions? Use this. Heck, just about any antenna farm can use this - you may not get GREAT signals from some antennas, but adding them SHOULD increase signal to noise ratio. Evry bit helps!
Emitters and collectors output circuit need with one variable resistor and capacitor. Can change phase shift 0 - 90 - 180 degree. With two capacitors don't work.
If you replace the variable resistor with a FET and bias it a bit on (2v?) and then ac coupled a 1Vpp tone to the gate; would you get a phase modulated signal? Or more to the point, a usable signal. A PM Si5351 radio? Need more coffee...
potential project: 2 antenna, A and B. B goes through the phase delay, change the phase till the output of phase delay B + antenna A sum up to a peek, this could tell us direction of source of signal? :)
Thanks for the link, i was looking for a IC that can shift a sine source to make a 3 phase output for a frequency of 1MHz and less passive circuit is hard to set due to tolerence 🤷🏻♂️
Interesting stuff, thanks for sharing.. maybe a way to make a phase-modulator? New 5G millimetre wave bands will be using something called "massive MIMO" that will be using a similar beam steering phased array approach to get the best SNR it can with a mobile device... ~30 GHz waves don't get very far in the air... These system are divided down into two sub-types: "analogue beam forming" and "digital beam forming". - Cheers,
You could one of these in a simple phasing rx/SDR by adding in a couple ne602s, a canned eBay band pass filters, an arduino, a si5351, and an audio amp. EDIT: scratch that, it looks like it is too high of freq to use those parts.. but still, it is a building block for making some fun ham gear.
Thanks for the clip. I am new to this and am trying to program 4 phase shifters so they change phases on my command. How would I do that? do i need to buy other hardware for that? I plan on using Python if that's possible. or do they come with a GUI? i have not started shopping around yet. Thanks for any help.
The RF protoboard got me curious. Looks very handy. Mind sharing with us where you bought it? Or is it you own design? How did you come up with the interesting patterns?
I find this very interesting. When I was in the Navy I was a fire control technician and I was trained on the AN-SPS 48 search radar that scanned azimuth mechanically and elevation was scanned electronically. To scan elevation the computer used the ships gyros to produce a stable platform and from that a base frequency was selected in the synthesizer to select the desired elevation (angle). Then there were some step frequencies added to the base frequency to do the elevation scanning. One base frequency only scanned a small portion of the full elevation, a new base frequency had to be selected to scan higher or lower. I don't remember how many base frequencies it took to scan the full elevation because that was 46 years ago. What I'm getting at here is I never knew how the antenna directed the beam just by changing the frequency. Maybe changing the frequency is something similar to what you showed here?
Probably there were delay lines so changing the frequency changed the phase.
Darn i learn so much here. All this theory, yes bunch came along for HAM exam, but IMSAI explains it clear in a way i understand and go a-hah. Yes, so simple and basic and elegant, yes so much magic involved, i love your vids. Simple, elegant, helpful
Finally I get what you are getting at when you bring up 'ELI the ICE man' lol. I have only ever heard the mnemonic CIVIL used (in UK academia) for the same thing. For C, I leads V but V leads I in L.
Phase array antenna and more recently Syntactic Phase Array antenna have many uses including in Radars, medical imaging, beam directing, etc. The Oldest application was Large AM and SW Antenna Towers. They used put several tall AM antennas in a circle and using phase shifting direct the beam in different directions. Now days the most sophisticated application of Phased Array Antenna is to burn cancer cells inside body by directing and focusing beam to the location of cancer cell and burn it. This is very difficult, because unlike air, human body is not homogeneous material and you have to adjust for different tissues and materials to correctly concentrate the beam on particular location.
Also, I would use MOS instead of BJT on your first circuit, in order to have less phase error and amplitude error. In BJT Ie=Ib+Ic so Ic is not the same as Ie; whereas, in MOS Id=Is so you do not have to correct for the amplitude. The first circuit is you presented can be used as "Active Balun".
Also you could use capacitor and Inductor in series to create positive or negative phase shift by changing the value of C or L. The problem in this type of phase shifters are that they frequency dependent.
I built one, using an opamp cap and a could of resistors and variable resistors. I was able to make six signals on a 100x100 pcb board using all through hole components. If you made this video a couple of months ago I would of tried this. Also I just subbed great video
Modules like the one shown in this video are becoming increasingly popular. Indeed, phased array antennas and their underlying circuitry are becoming popular, not least because there is a lot of interest at the moment from hobbyists who want to know how the 5G network works. 5G towers, because of the higher frequencies and therefore shorter range for the same power, require directed beams to be effective. In addition, telecom technicians are being sent back to school to learn this new technology (new to their field).
This is how Starlink dishes tracks the satellites whizzing by without moving. The teardowns of Dishy McFlatface show dozens and dozens of those chips.
th-cam.com/video/iOmdQnIlnRo/w-d-xo.html
Many years ago, people on the "fringe" outskirts of my town would put up multiple Yagi antennas, in order to pick up distant TV stations. That was my introduction to phased arrays in a receiver setup.
For ham radio or similar, the ability to deliberately ALTER the phase between signals means you don't just get stronger signals - you can also be more directional. If you can put in 2 (or more) HF verical dipoles but not a long horizontal wire, use this. Got multiple magnetic loops, pointing in different directions? Use this.
Heck, just about any antenna farm can use this - you may not get GREAT signals from some antennas, but adding them SHOULD increase signal to noise ratio. Evry bit helps!
Emitters and collectors output circuit need with one variable resistor and capacitor. Can change phase shift 0 - 90 - 180 degree.
With two capacitors don't work.
If you replace the variable resistor with a FET and bias it a bit on (2v?) and then ac coupled a 1Vpp tone to the gate; would you get a phase modulated signal? Or more to the point, a usable signal. A PM Si5351 radio? Need more coffee...
potential project: 2 antenna, A and B. B goes through the phase delay, change the phase till the output of phase delay B + antenna A sum up to a peek, this could tell us direction of source of signal? :)
Thanks for the link, i was looking for a IC that can shift a sine source to make a 3 phase output for a frequency of 1MHz and less passive circuit is hard to set due to tolerence 🤷🏻♂️
Something looks too comlicated and bizzare to explain, but it only looks so.
Interesting stuff, thanks for sharing.. maybe a way to make a phase-modulator?
New 5G millimetre wave bands will be using something called "massive MIMO" that will be using a similar beam steering phased array approach to get the best SNR it can with a mobile device... ~30 GHz waves don't get very far in the air...
These system are divided down into two sub-types: "analogue beam forming" and "digital beam forming".
- Cheers,
pretty sure it is too slow for modulation
You could one of these in a simple phasing rx/SDR by adding in a couple ne602s, a canned eBay band pass filters, an arduino, a si5351, and an audio amp.
EDIT: scratch that, it looks like it is too high of freq to use those parts.. but still, it is a building block for making some fun ham gear.
Well, you could put this in the drawer with all the Velleman projects.
Those are Some Cool Circuits Bruh ☺😎💯
Nice....tnks for posting your review.....simple idea apply at military technology...
Thanks for the clip. I am new to this and am trying to program 4 phase shifters so they change phases on my command. How would I do that? do i need to buy other hardware for that? I plan on using Python if that's possible. or do they come with a GUI? i have not started shopping around yet. Thanks for any help.
I'm curious how low in frequency this chip can work at - given that the digital delays may no longer be anyway near accurate.
various models starting at 1GHz and up
The RF protoboard got me curious. Looks very handy. Mind sharing with us where you bought it? Or is it you own design? How did you come up with the interesting patterns?
th-cam.com/video/4ms2I4ABYeA/w-d-xo.html
how does phase shifting work in regards to phase shift keying and could this be used for data encoding?
These are too slow for that
These can only switch at 25 Khz. (Thanks to 3.3Vcc)
@@joeteejoetee 25KHz? So 25,000 phase shifts per second? Isn't PSK31 only 31 phase shifts per second? Sorry if I'm misunderstanding the obvious.
@@gmanshackshack6822 The "spec" 25Khz is in the PDF datasheet (sorry for not including a URL...).
Very instructive !
Does this produce more amps than it is supplied with?
Are there devices that can handle >10 W? wondering how to build a phased array for HF with say 4 antennas..
Connect each end of the pot to each cap and take the output from the wiper?
give it a try