Some notes if anyone needs em! -Federal Reserve is USA’s central bank, Europe has it’s own ECB, and other countries have their own versions, which have 2 main roles: Regulate and oversee nation’s commercial banks by insuring they have enough money in their reserve to avoid bank runs To conduct monetary policy which is increase or decrease the money supply to speed up or slow down the overall economy -Interest rates = the price of borrowing money on top of the “principle” to cover inflation and ensure profit -Low interest rates cause people to borrow more and spend more & vice versa -FED doesn’t have the authority to change interest rates in US, so they change the money supply (increasing money supply increases the amount of loans commercial banks can give out) -Decreased money supply = less money = higher interest rates on loans -Central Bank can run an Expansionary Monetary policy by increasing the money supply -The FED takes blame for the great depression as they let several large banks fail which caused a massive panic, and then ⅓ of all banks collapsed -The economy is strong when there is confidence and liquidity (liquid assets = an asset that can quickly be converted into cash and with minimal impact to the price received → not stocks, bonds, or mortgages) -Fractional reserve banking is when banks hold some of your deposit money but loan out the rest → reserve requirement is how much they are expected to keep → FED can change the reserve requirement (higher req = less money available) -Discount rate = the rate which the FED charges banks (decreasing rate = more loans = more money supply) -Open Market operations = when the FED buys or sells short term government bonds (govt. Bonds = treasury bills or IOUs) → buying bonds from banks increases its liquidity and increases the money supply -In the USA the Federal Open Market Committee determines how many bonds to buy and sell -In 2008 the FED tried Quantitative easing = central banks buy up longer term assets from banks → they bought short term and long term (like mortgage backed securities) using fake money → which causes inflation -Excess Reserves = how much a bank can lend out
Watched this video as homework once, flew right over my head. Watched it again a few weeks later in my own time and now I'm hooked. Amazing how being interested in something makes you understand it so so much clearer and better.
I'm a business major going into my econ final, and I just wanted to say thank you for clearing this up for me. I've watched most of the crash course economics and they have helped me so much!
Your videos are so knowledgable that I m glued to my laptop watching them 1 episode after another....N my roommates just asked what TV series is so interesting that I said no to a cricket game....Gratitude from India.
I love these videos. I am currently working on my M.S. in Financial Analysis, and my brain has trouble connecting the equations to their theories. Even simple things I learned for my Bachelor's elude me. Your videos make things straightforward enough for me to understand the theory piece more clearly. I appreciate it.
this is so concisely summarised and clearly explained, literally saved my life ,I can kill the quizzes after watching your videos,secret weapon. Looking forward to more of your videos!
+Harry Patch under Title 12 of the United State Code, the bird of governors have to present an annual report of the fed's operation to the House of Representatives and the speaker of the house. So there is clearly a government oversight
Rohan Vaidya It's not a misunderstanding, the banks create new money every time someone takes a loan. This is also the reason for why most of the money is also dept. The central bank can try to regulate how much money the banks can create mostly with regulating the reserve ratio. I would though argue that this is still important because 1: It explains why most money is dept 2: It shows why this is important for the central banks to regulate 3: Most bank lending goes towards mortgages and the stock market. This leads to prices going up faster in those sectors.
+Alderick van Klaveren She is the Chairman of the Federal Reserve. That's the simple part. The more complicated part involves the role of the Federal Reserve in setting monetary policy and why it does the things that it does (which was kind of the whole the point of the episode).
+Alderick van Klaveren Paper money is by definition legalized counterfeiting, and fractional banking is fraud. We need to return the creation of money from the rich banks, committees, governments, and return it to the PEOPLE individually. Returning to a fully backed receipt currency based on resources, not debt and fraud
1). Create a bubble. 2). When economy collapses save the economy by creating a bigger bubble. 3). Profit. Keysian Logic. Because everyone knows that economy is in a great shape right now.
I would donate almost all my savings to crash course, but I cannot. I owe them understanding on soooo many subjects and, through that, passing the class.
Great video! Another reason for sky-rocketing excess reserves could be that the Fed started giving interest on excessive reserves (IOER) since the last crisis, thus incentivising banks to keep excess reserves rather than making (riskier) loans to private individuals.
Failed to mention that this system is run for profit. The shareholders are expected to be given a return year in year out. Also this bank is privately owned.
+This Is My Name Banks and Healthcare, the two most unregulated capitalist industries on the planet. We need to start murdering hundreds of millions of people so we can finally achieve the great utopia envisioned by karl marx. REVOLUCION!!!!!!!!!!!111
+This Is My Name I mean, they vaguely touched on that with the reserves policy. That's why its necessary for the gov to mandate minimum held reserves, because loaning money is good for your personal profits but bad for your creditors and the economy in general. The Fed is semi-private. Most of the highest leadership is appointed by elected members of our government. However most of the actual branch leaders are elected by member banks. Chalk that up to yet another american regulatory body being picked by and picked from the people they're supposed to be regulating...
These are pretty complex concepts guys! I spend an entire year of masters at LSE learning this stuff, you can't just rush through speaking fast and expect people to understand. Look at the comments, they didn't learn much.
+Ben Graham well the MPA program teaches micro and Macro Economics for Public Policy (all of the micro and Macro Economists learn in their whole undergrad applied to policy) and if you never studied economics in your life (like me) it's quite helpful. But the money supply, interest rate manipulation, etc are not simple concepts like supply and demand... They just rushed through it.
How does the central bank change the money supply for banks ? 1) When we deposit money in the bank, the bank holds a portion (this portion is called the Reserve Requirement) of the deposit and loans the rest. So the central bank controls this portion. If it's high, the bank can loan more of our money to other people and make profits (high money supply). If low, they make less profit (less money supply). Note: The central bank is the bank of banks (they load from it). 2) Change the interest rate (discount rate) the central bank charges for loans the banks take. Decreasing it, increases the money supply. Increasing it, decreases the money supply. 3) Open market operations: This is when the federal reserve buys or sells short term government bonds. A government bond is an IOU (I Owe You) issued by the government which says I’ll pay you back later. If the central bank buys those bonds from banks, it increases their money supply. If the central bank issues more bonds to banks, it decreases their money supply.
Great course, thanks a lot for making this available! Just one question: at 5"12 you say "These treasury bills are issued by the Government" but at 5"26 it says, "If the Fed issues more bonds.." - so who is actually issuing these bonds, Gov or Fed ?
+Aquilen I love that phrase 'ad hominems' but +Gregory Mize is right. Regardless of who works there, the FED is a not a governmental institute. It is a private bank.It is telling, the lengths they went to disguise this from general public knowledge.
aquilen. You are the one claiming that the federal reserve is a public institution so shouldn't the burden of proof fall on you and the freedom of information act to prove that it is public? As a private institution, not publicly traded, we can not prove who owns the fed but if in fact it were public should you not be able to prove ownership? Yes the president gets to nominate from a short list of candidates, chosen by the federal reserve system, who controls the lead puppet's chair but that does not prove ownership. Prove to me that the federal government owns the fed and my opinion will forever be changed.
A. C. Abbey Thanks for stepping in mate. Sounds like you know a thing or two. More than can be said of the other guy. Since it seems your a generally intelligent level headed guy can I ask your opinion of the fractional reserve banking. Is just, I'm hearing a bit about the coming collapse of American dollar and it seems china is primed to take up the mantle on the world stage with a supposedly gold-backed currency. Wondering if you've seen or heard the same things??
The FED itself is private. But the Board of Governors is appointed by the President and ratified by the Senate. The seven people on the Board of Governers serve on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) along with five of the Presidents of the different Regional Federal Reserve Banks. They are similar to the Supreme Court. The Government appointed members are the majority on the committee. Hence the Governmental oversight.
Have you not brushed over 2 important concepts? 1. Fractional reserve banking allows banks to lend out up to 10 times more than they have in deposits leading to predatory lending, instability and speculation. 2. The idea that central bank policy is not linked to 'politics' actually means that they are not accountable to the people, nor their representatives which may lead to policies which do not benefit society at large. Whilst I understand that the video looks to simplify the issues at hand and portray a mainstream viewpoint, simplifying holds the danger of giving the impression that our economic system is technically optimal in its operation (which it isn't) and morally and politically uncontentious (which it also isn't)
+PokerDuende I said something similar...just not as well worded. Love ur comment. Had thought crash course was better than this.Seems intentional that they omitted these radical/fundamental truths...
So, uh... who is this Yellen person, then? I've watched this video twice and I still have no idea. They never actually say how she fits into this whole thing... her name only comes up three times. Is she in charge of the U.S. federal bank?
i am in love with Adrienne Hill.... she is really high on energy and seriously committed to job of explaining this stuff plus i lover her subtle humour... she is beautiful too...
In the words of one of the Frankensteins that created the monster, "Gold Is Money, Everything Else Is Credit" JP Morgan 1912, the year before the monster was created.
TheBreezyTrousers Because Gold is Highly conductive, dense, malleable, most importantly unreactive and has been valued and cherished by humanity since the dawn of civilisation, in addition to being very rare. Can you say the same for Iron? When you are dead and it's 200 years in the future, the paper money we use, will be looked upon in a museum of failed idea's, but people will walk by still wearing gold jewelry and using electronics which require gold for better conduction.
The Voluntaryist Absolutioninist What about being highly conductive makes it good for money? Are you going to be passing electricity through it? Plastic is also not very reactive, so why aren't we using plastic? Also, Graphene is more conductive than gold, and is actually stronger than gold, so why aren't we using graphene as currency, or platinum, or silver? We currently use copper and not gold for our electrical circuits because copper is more conductive than gold and is cheaper, so why are we even bothering with it? What makes gold so special? What is a valuable property of gold that other materials don't have?
Listen you sheeple can keep all of your wealth in a fiat currency, and when the SHTF, you can burn it to keep you warm, the one good thing you can use it for.
It is a good explanation of monetary policy. But what is alarming to me and nobody is mentioning it is this that massive qe programs expanded fed's balance sheet from 1.5-4.5 trillion dollars since 2009, which shrinked fed's capital to paltry 0.9%. As it is explained in the video fed is about to take this extra money out of economy just before the party gets started (banks are now more willing to lend and excess reserves are shrinking), which is now. Fed also raised federal funds rate in recent past to 1,25%. What is alarming is since interest rates are going to get higher, fed will be forced to take losses on the sale of mbs and treasuries (it doesn't take losses just now, because it's accounting practice is not marked to market), since these are going to fall in prices when interest rates get up. So 0.9% buffer just looks thin to me and I hope I am wrong and they have it somehow figured out. :/
Will you guys be doing a video about full reserve banking? From what I understand (which isn't all that much tbh, which is why I'd like a video to make sure I'm not misunderstanding anything here) fractional reserve banking means that the main creation of new money is in banks instead of at the fed, as the money not in reserve is given out and so belongs to multiple people at once, meaning, in essence, new money is created, however, it is based on debt. If full reserve banking were to be used then all new money creation could be held at the level of the fed through quantitative easing. The same amount of new money can enter the system, however, due to the money being created from a single central point it can be easily regulated, reducing speculation - all banks feeding large amounts of the newly created money directly into areas that look like they're doing well, creating bubbles, which eventually pop, causing financial crises. Full reserve banking would take some time to get to, as you couldn't starve the economy of money all in one go while banks get to the 100% reserve point, but in the long run it could reduce the chances of financial crises, and the fed could still direct the newly created money towards entrepreneurs and parties whose goal is beneficial to society, as opposed to just the places that will make the most money in the short run.
>"The US and other foriegn governments have worked hard to make sure the Fed is isolated from politics and potentially short-sighted politicians." I long for the simpler times of 2015...
When you get a mortgage, the bank does not lend out huge sums of physical cash. Instead the bank would prefer you buy your house using your newly credited account. By doing so, the bank can settle the transaction with its account at the federal reserve. When banks settle transactions on behalf of their customers who make their payments, the net position of the banks are calculated and a net transfer of central banks reserves are made. For banks with a deficit, they can borrow from other banks or use the central banks standing facilities. For banks with a surplus of reserves, they can lend out the reserves or use the standing facilities for depositing excess reserves. In aggregate this means a redistribution of central bank reserves. Open market operations can also have a similar redistributing effect. The money supply consists mainly of: Central bank reserves = liabilities of the central bank and an asset for banks with an account at the Central Bank. Only banks with an account at the Central Bank can settle transactions in the manner I described above. Consequently central bank reserves circulate in a closed system. An increase in reserves does not necessarily mean an increase in the money supply. A genuine increase in the money supply would have to increase broad money, namely what the public holds, not some numbers in a closed off environment. Bank deposits = bank liabilities, an IOU issued by banks which is basically a promise to repay the holder. In fact we shouldn't call it deposits because that implies you simply drop off cash at your bank. It ignores the fact that you can settle transactions with these deposits. Deposit is a euphemism. It's actually credit and its the banks who issue credit. By credit I mean a means of payment which is also a liability for the creditor. Banking is not about keeping some money and lending the rest, it's about substituting a commonly held means of payment by your own means of payment. Cash = bank notes and coins, you all know what this one is. Technically they're also a liability of the central bank. If you could only start off by defining the three main types of money in the money supply and elaborate on the payment system, you wouldn't get all this confusion and misunderstanding. A further reading would be: What is money - and easy introductory article on the ECB's website. Here some key terms are inside and outside money. Note there is no multiplier because banking does not work that way. The infamous 2014 q1 quarterly bulletin bank of England money creation in the modern economy. Om pengemengden - Marie Norum Lerbak (Norges Bank, bank of Norway. Sorry it's in Norwegian but the two above should be a decent introduction to banking in general)
+Ardy F I see you have bought into the Paul Krugman's revisionist history of the economy. There are other views that look into the unintended consequences of creating the central bank. I would also add that it is much better to have shorter intervals between free market corrections with quick recoveries, than what we have today with long massive bubbles and horrendous recovery times. Yes, there will be businesses that fold under free market corrections, just like under the massive bubble crashes today. However, the number of people affected by shorter market corrections is far less than the "To big to fail" concept we have today.
Ardy F Is the free market really that bad that we need the overhead cost of the FED coupled with having the value of our money stolen right from our wallets and putting our children into more and more debt? Also there is an overhead for enforcing legal tender laws. I almost think the free market system is worth it just to avoid all the extra bullshit that comes with "stability". Also, some people question whether the FED actually does what it says it does. www.ContraKrugman.com
It is important to remember that the Federal Reserve System is owned by the commercial banks; the Fed is not a government agency. Under the law that created the Federal Reserve System, the Fed became the only entity permitted to self-create credit. When the Fed issues new Federal Reserve Notes and then loans these notes to the U.S. Treasury, what is exchanged are IOUs for IOUs. Now, let's examine the term "fractional reserves." When paper currency was redeemable in gold and/or silver coinage, but the bank issuing paper currency did not hold sufficient coinage to redeem 100% of the notes in circulation, this was when we had a fractional reserve system. Today, there is not requirement that anything tangible back the Federal Reserve Notes issued. There are no REAL money reserves backing this paper currency. Federal Reserve Notes are essentially promises to pay nothing in particular.
Hi @CrashCourse , I notice a typo in the description of this video (the word "aand "). I love the videos that you made guys =D Keep doing that awesome work =)
I don't believe there should be any government involvement in the economy, except to prevent basic infringement of people's rights to their own person/property (murder, rape, theft, fraud, etc.). Governement protects against these things through law enforcement, a justice system, and a military. Everything else should be left to the people (or at least the states) to decide for themselves. This included anything to do with banks or money. Currency should be denationalized and subject to free market competition like everything else. People should be free to use whatever currency they deem fit (most stable, portable, divisible, etc.). There should be no central bank that has a monopoly on control of U.S. currency. Of course, private banks (like the federal reserve) can produce their own currency, but the people should be free to opt for another form and government should not be involved. If a bank screws up, they should be allowed to fail like any business to make room for a better one (like ones with more liquid assets). The government shouldn't be speeding up or slowing down the economy.
that would restrict trading between lots of people and how could you say 1 "choppy" coin is equal to 7 "iddy" coins? it would have to be a long time to analyze. on my point in trading ,say my doctor is paid in 'choppy ' and I have "stinsons" how would that work? in theory it sounds good but wouldn't last.
Darius Brown I disagree. Your "choppy" coin and "iddy" coin is akine to a gold coin and a silver coin. Each business would be free to choose which currency they accept. If you use a form that someone else doesn't accept, then they've just lost your business. It behooves them to accept as many forms as possible. In the same way, today, someone might lose business if they don't accept credit, debit, checks, etc. It behooves them to accept as many as possible. Having a government monopoly on currency is not the answer. Currency, like everything else, should be subject only to the free market.
I could agree with this 100 percent but you're not considering other factors, such as: Trading between countries (which is vital for economical growth), out of reach currency (as in me flying in from Georgia with my own personal currency and not being able to buy anything because their currency was out of reach.) And big businesses monopolizing on money again. Saying someone has to adopt more than one currency is going to make the poor more poor. The government doesn't control the money, private banks like the reserve do.
Darius Brown Trading between countries - Countries already trade just fine, though they each have separate currencies. Americans should be free to trade with whomever they please, domestically or internationally, without any government interference at all. They currency used in that trade should be the mutual agreement between trading partners. . . . . Out of reach currency - This is even less of an issue considering we are in a digital age where there is growing experimentation in digital currencies. People should be free to use whichever currency they deem is the best suited to their economic activity. There should be no government monopoly dictating that all Americans must use a single national currency regardless of its problems. The government can inflate or deflate the currency at will, thereby artificially increasing or decreasing its value. I for one don't want my money to be devalued. Yet, I have no choice but to accept this devaluation in the U.S. dollar, as an American. . . . . "Saying someone has to adopt more than one currency is going to make the poor more poor" My whole argument is against forcing anyone to accept any particular currency. They are free to use whichever currency they deem is best. Also, how does that "make the poor more poor?" What does that even mean? Who are you defining as "the poor?" Who would freedom of choice in your money effect "the poor" any differently than anyone else? . . . . A single private bank is given a total monopoly on the currency. I see no reason why there can't be multiple banks issuing their own currencies and the people being free to choose which is best. This would create competition between currencies. Free market competition produced higher quality choices and destroys lower quality ones.
Question: around min 5, when the FED issues more treasury bonds (because it wants to reduce banks liquidity), are the banks obliged to buy them? In other words, how that the FED ensures the banks liquidity is reduced?
+Sam Barkley In theory, the ideal is that the Fed (or more generally a country's central bank) is independent of government. The US Fed and the European Central Bank do come close to that ideal. But not perfectly so. Central banks are invariably created by governments, so in practice there won't be perfect independence. Self-promotion: Check out *ECON COW* (search it on TH-cam!), a new educational TH-cam channel devoted to economics. I have 5 videos so far, including *The Price of a Human Life* and *Insurance is Immoral*. Let me know what you think! Thanks!
Grey - it is 100% private, if it were public it would have to be more transparent and would need to be regularly audited by the government, but it is neither. Also, the company is owned by the big banks, JP Morgan, Chase, Goldman Sachs etc.
Hello there and sorry guys. I don't really get the part where it says the Federal Reserve issues more bonds which would decrease bank's liquidity and money supply because of having less money to loan. From what I can understand, commercial banks require more liquidity and thus selling the previously issued government bonds to Federal Reserve to increase money supply. But, commercials banks can refuse to buy the bonds issued by Federal Reserve so that they can keep the money? or the banks want to make a profit by buying the bonds to earn the interest which could be higher since the Federal Reserve attempts to increase the interest rate and lures the banks to buy the bonds at an attractive interest rate? Sorry for being ignorant and Thanks in advance if anyone can explain it to me. :)
+kozzy18 And replace it with what? If nothing exists to try to control inflation and unemployment, you rely entirely on the "invisible hand" of capitalism. Which is rather chaotic, and only really works when companies play by certain rules that they have incentive to bend and break.
+Jensaw101 There is. Between the world wars, germany suffer from the economic depression. Monetary experts of the 3rd reich reboot the whole german monetary system, and skyrocket the industry. You can do it in the US too, just need to not do the world war thing. Ohh wait. is it allready began? You just need to copy the monetary system of the reich, but no more, and there will no problem, nor debt. ALL the debt belong to the FED, and the FED is owned by the Rotschilds. Put out the FED out from business, and print your own money by the state, and not by a private bank like the FED. DANGER this can lead to a bullet in your head like Keneddy. google:executive order 11110 The poor fag thinks as he is the president of the US, he can print money. No. This is Rotschield priviledge only. till somebody put him out of business. www .tax-freedom.com/ta24000.htm Legal currency had a red seal on it. Since 1913, there is no legal banknotes printed in the US(except a few under Keneddy) Green sealed banknotes are unconstitutional, and therefore illegal, monopoly on the power to counterfeit “money” into existence, in its own hands of course.
Positive feedback: very clearly outlined.....it flows smoothly. I enjoy the material.Critical feedback: wish you would speak more slowly so I could absorb easier.Thanks
Fun Fact: Sense the Federal Reserve was created in 1913, the US dollar has lost 96% of its value, which means a dollar today is 4 cents in 1913, this is caused by inflation which happens when there is more money printed, when the amount rises the value falls.
+Canyu Believeit (IhateBs) Any day now! Then you dastardly Keynesians will see! Any day now the world economy will crash! We may have been wrong 99.9% of the time, but one day we'll be right and then you'll see!
***** Yeah! That's right you filthy statists! We Austrians are always right! Sure, we might get almost all of our predictions wrong, but that one time we were right is enough! ... even though almost every other economist had predicted the same thing, but for different reasons!
***** Yeah! We Austrians always get it right! Government not getting involved in the economy is like the best thing ever! Nevermind the fact that there were more economic crashes under our system and that the Great Depression lasted longer because of a lack of intervention, and nevermind The New Deal, which helped the US economy become the greatest economy of the 20th century! Nevermind all that, because 0.01% of our total predictions came true!
***** Deflation? What's that?! I've never heard of such a thing! Surely it can't be the thing that happened during the great depression and couldn't be fixed because we were still adhered to the gold standard! That couldn't possibly be it!
I watch the whole episode on 0.5 speed and I omg they have finally started to speak normal'ish' :D She could be a bit faster but finally I got to understand the fast guy. :D
The Federal Reserve has 1 important job: destroying nations. "If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks will deprive all people of their property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs." This was said by Thomas Jefferson, debating a national bank (like the Federal Reserve) charter. He also said, "I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies." He was no doubt correct. The USD, since it's inception has lost 96% of it's value, millions are living with perpetual debt, losing all property and assets to bank foreclosures. It's believed that this system, was the very underlying cause for the American Revolution, in the first place. In 1913, the American people lost that revolution, after a meeting on Jekyll Island took place, to draft the Federal Reserve Act. That Act would later be signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, effectively dooming the US economy. Unless we restore the power to issue currency back to the people, no amount of tax cuts, budget cuts, debt ceilings, etc, will stop the inevitable economic collapse.
+7searchful Basically, you need an interest rate otherwise no one would lend money. If I'm a bank, why would I take the risk of lending money to someone if I didn't get a something in return? Banks and other lenders have to make a profit on loans or they can't pay their employees or keep their lights on. Now, of course, we can have a long debate about what the interest rate ought to be (cue discussions about student loans) but it's an absolutely necessary structure to make loaning money attractive to the lender.
As this video stated, low interest rate means loans are easier to pay, but this mean peoples buy more items until the market cannot overcome the purchasing demand. By that time, because we know that all market resources are limited, the inflation on items will occur unavoidable until borrowing money is not enough to buy anything anymore.
Well typical Keynesian economists don't know anything wrong with the Fed. I learned more facts about our monetary system from Mike Maloney than crash course. All I learned by watching the whole series is just how banks use a bunch of big terms to confuse the average Joe Sixpack and convince them that our monetary system is awesome and that there are no flaws in it.
The solution is resourced backed money created by the people of the nation and a pure free market any one that says the fed works needs to explain why the US is drowning in debt . If the US dollar was removed as the world reserve currency you would see the results of the FED rather quickly .
***** Essential services.. like... bread?? or electricity?? A loaf of bread may cost 99 cents, but it is going to be as cheep and good as it possibly can be because of competition, supply and demand. 100% of taxes however gets eaten up in the bureaucracy,wars, debt interest, and prisons Then you get a shiny new road paid wholly with monetized debt. The soul service of the government is to protect each individuals life, liberty, and property nothing else.
Joe Kennedy Heath care is just as important as bread. Unpaid liability's for medicare/caid and s.s. exceeds the entire output for world G.D.P. There aren't enough taxes in the world to pay for government healthcare. In the '50's Before these programs Catholic hospitals relied on charity, never turned anyone away insured or not and they did it solvently. When charity is FORCED, honest charity leaves.
Some notes if anyone needs em!
-Federal Reserve is USA’s central bank, Europe has it’s own ECB, and other countries have their own versions, which have 2 main roles:
Regulate and oversee nation’s commercial banks by insuring they have enough money in their reserve to avoid bank runs
To conduct monetary policy which is increase or decrease the money supply to speed up or slow down the overall economy
-Interest rates = the price of borrowing money on top of the “principle” to cover inflation and ensure profit
-Low interest rates cause people to borrow more and spend more & vice versa
-FED doesn’t have the authority to change interest rates in US, so they change the money supply (increasing money supply increases the amount of loans commercial banks can give out)
-Decreased money supply = less money = higher interest rates on loans
-Central Bank can run an Expansionary Monetary policy by increasing the money supply
-The FED takes blame for the great depression as they let several large banks fail which caused a massive panic, and then ⅓ of all banks collapsed
-The economy is strong when there is confidence and liquidity (liquid assets = an asset that can quickly be converted into cash and with minimal impact to the price received → not stocks, bonds, or mortgages)
-Fractional reserve banking is when banks hold some of your deposit money but loan out the rest → reserve requirement is how much they are expected to keep
→ FED can change the reserve requirement (higher req = less money available)
-Discount rate = the rate which the FED charges banks (decreasing rate = more loans = more money supply)
-Open Market operations = when the FED buys or sells short term government bonds (govt. Bonds = treasury bills or IOUs)
→ buying bonds from banks increases its liquidity and increases the money supply
-In the USA the Federal Open Market Committee determines how many bonds to buy and sell
-In 2008 the FED tried Quantitative easing = central banks buy up longer term assets from banks → they bought short term and long term (like mortgage backed securities) using fake money → which causes inflation
-Excess Reserves = how much a bank can lend out
It would be interesting to see a revamp of this series in the wake of covid-19
Watched this video as homework once, flew right over my head. Watched it again a few weeks later in my own time and now I'm hooked. Amazing how being interested in something makes you understand it so so much clearer and better.
I'm a business major going into my econ final, and I just wanted to say thank you for clearing this up for me. I've watched most of the crash course economics and they have helped me so much!
Your videos are so knowledgable that I m glued to my laptop watching them 1 episode after another....N my roommates just asked what TV series is so interesting that I said no to a cricket game....Gratitude from India.
You gave up cricket for this and you're Indian? Your parents will disown you if they hear about this, mate!
.
+Aditya Mathur I don't doubt that but I was joking mate.
MitchMBowring1 Oh okay I didn't got that lol sry
too bad they willnever acknowledge the fact that the federal reserve is evil as hell and manipulates fiscal currency to enslave the whole world.
Dear CrashCourse,
You're saving me from my Macroeconomics final tomorrow,.
Thank you dearly.
4:16 Fun detail: "noli oblivisci mirabilis esse" is Latin for "don't forget to be awesome"
Why do so many people complain about them talking too fast? If it bothers you that much, put the video on 0.75 speed. No one's perfect.
I love these videos. I am currently working on my M.S. in Financial Analysis, and my brain has trouble connecting the equations to their theories. Even simple things I learned for my Bachelor's elude me. Your videos make things straightforward enough for me to understand the theory piece more clearly. I appreciate it.
this is so concisely summarised and clearly explained, literally saved my life ,I can kill the quizzes after watching your videos,secret weapon. Looking forward to more of your videos!
Missed two important things
1: Money is dept (for the most part)
2: Private banks create most of the money
The first one is true (debt). The second point is a misunderstanding
+Rohan Vaidya no he's write if you remember the "Fed" is private and has no government over-site .
+Harry Patch under Title 12 of the United State Code, the bird of governors have to present an annual report of the fed's operation to the House of Representatives and the speaker of the house. So there is clearly a government oversight
Board*
Rohan Vaidya
It's not a misunderstanding, the banks create new money every time someone takes a loan.
This is also the reason for why most of the money is also dept.
The central bank can try to regulate how much money the banks can create mostly with regulating the reserve ratio.
I would though argue that this is still important because
1: It explains why most money is dept
2: It shows why this is important for the central banks to regulate
3: Most bank lending goes towards mortgages and the stock market. This leads to prices going up faster in those sectors.
I... Don't know who it Janet Yellen is, even after watching the episode twice. ._.
+Alderick van Klaveren She is the Chairman of the Federal Reserve. That's the simple part. The more complicated part involves the role of the Federal Reserve in setting monetary policy and why it does the things that it does (which was kind of the whole the point of the episode).
+Alderick van Klaveren
Paper money is by definition legalized counterfeiting, and fractional banking is fraud. We need to return the creation of money from the rich banks, committees, governments, and return it to the PEOPLE individually. Returning to a fully backed receipt currency based on resources, not debt and fraud
That's got to be one of the dumbest things I've ever read
@@anthonyg.1583 Don't fall out of your chair buddy, also maybe pick up those dorritos that violently spewed out of your mouth.
it's ok stop yellen
DAMNIT
JANET
me trying to add to your yellen pun
+Aerin L
Nice RHPS reference!
Macdaddy5539 thanks :D
Is that a ' friends ' reference
Thunderstruck by that belt.
+
i didnt think i was the only one who thought his acdc belt buckle was great lol
+Parker Shelp One could says that belt buckle is TNT :D
Feynstein 100 lol good one
The belt shook me all night long
Mr. Clifford's "just kiddings" are the best.
yup
1). Create a bubble.
2). When economy collapses save the economy by creating a bigger bubble.
3). Profit.
Keysian Logic.
Because everyone knows that economy is in a great shape right now.
I would donate almost all my savings to crash course, but I cannot. I owe them understanding on soooo many subjects and, through that, passing the class.
Great video!
Another reason for sky-rocketing excess reserves could be that the Fed started giving interest on excessive reserves (IOER) since the last crisis, thus incentivising banks to keep excess reserves rather than making (riskier) loans to private individuals.
This is addictive. My eyes are heavy , its 1 am but I don't wanna sleep!!!! This is so interesting!
Love it. Started watching before my university course started, started watching again today because I'm stuck
Failed to mention that this system is run for profit. The shareholders are expected to be given a return year in year out.
Also this bank is privately owned.
+This Is My Name Banks and Healthcare, the two most unregulated capitalist industries on the planet. We need to start murdering hundreds of millions of people so we can finally achieve the great utopia envisioned by karl marx. REVOLUCION!!!!!!!!!!!111
+BUD7H357UD what did i just read o_0
The fed paid the treasury (the direct shareholder) 98.7 billion dollars last year
+This Is My Name I mean, they vaguely touched on that with the reserves policy. That's why its necessary for the gov to mandate minimum held reserves, because loaning money is good for your personal profits but bad for your creditors and the economy in general. The Fed is semi-private. Most of the highest leadership is appointed by elected members of our government. However most of the actual branch leaders are elected by member banks. Chalk that up to yet another american regulatory body being picked by and picked from the people they're supposed to be regulating...
Stig larsen satire. btw I loved the girl with the dragon tattoo. Read the whole series and the swedish films. American one sucks thoguh.
8:44 Is the most enlighten thing in this video.
+PaiNExoTiC Me too!
These are pretty complex concepts guys! I spend an entire year of masters at LSE learning this stuff, you can't just rush through speaking fast and expect people to understand. Look at the comments, they didn't learn much.
+Ben Graham well the MPA program teaches micro and Macro Economics for Public Policy (all of the micro and Macro Economists learn in their whole undergrad applied to policy) and if you never studied economics in your life (like me) it's quite helpful. But the money supply, interest rate manipulation, etc are not simple concepts like supply and demand... They just rushed through it.
+Francisco X. Abad I agree. It was a rushed job.
+Francisco X. Abad Yup, was more confusing than educational. Bit off a bit too much for one video
Excellent, excellent video. Thank you. I was looking for a video which explained how central banks work in the real world.
I am sharing this series with all of my fellow CPA exam candidates. Great stuff! Fun too!
How does the central bank change the money supply for banks ?
1) When we deposit money in the bank, the bank holds a portion (this portion is called the Reserve Requirement) of the deposit and loans the rest.
So the central bank controls this portion.
If it's high, the bank can loan more of our money to other people and make profits (high money supply).
If low, they make less profit (less money supply).
Note:
The central bank is the bank of banks (they load from it).
2) Change the interest rate (discount rate) the central bank charges for loans the banks take.
Decreasing it, increases the money supply.
Increasing it, decreases the money supply.
3) Open market operations:
This is when the federal reserve buys or sells short term government bonds.
A government bond is an IOU (I Owe You) issued by the government which says I’ll pay you back later.
If the central bank buys those bonds from banks, it increases their money supply.
If the central bank issues more bonds to banks, it decreases their money supply.
Great course, thanks a lot for making this available! Just one question: at 5"12 you say "These treasury bills are issued by the Government" but at 5"26 it says, "If the Fed issues more bonds.." - so who is actually issuing these bonds, Gov or Fed ?
WE NEED AN ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
God bless crash course, just learned more in one video than an 80 minute lecture
it doesn't mention that it's a PRIVATE bank...
+Aquilen
you drank the koolaid...it's a private bank. just like all "central" banks...read the federal reserve act,
+Aquilen troll alert
+Aquilen I love that phrase 'ad hominems' but +Gregory Mize is right. Regardless of who works there, the FED is a not a governmental institute. It is a private bank.It is telling, the lengths they went to disguise this from general public knowledge.
aquilen. You are the one claiming that the federal reserve is a public institution so shouldn't the burden of proof fall on you and the freedom of information act to prove that it is public? As a private institution, not publicly traded, we can not prove who owns the fed but if in fact it were public should you not be able to prove ownership? Yes the president gets to nominate from a short list of candidates, chosen by the federal reserve system, who controls the lead puppet's chair but that does not prove ownership. Prove to me that the federal government owns the fed and my opinion will forever be changed.
A. C. Abbey Thanks for stepping in mate. Sounds like you know a thing or two. More than can be said of the other guy. Since it seems your a generally intelligent level headed guy can I ask your opinion of the fractional reserve banking. Is just, I'm hearing a bit about the coming collapse of American dollar and it seems china is primed to take up the mantle on the world stage with a supposedly gold-backed currency. Wondering if you've seen or heard the same things??
The FED itself is private. But the Board of Governors is appointed by the President and ratified by the Senate. The seven people on the Board of Governers serve on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) along with five of the Presidents of the different Regional Federal Reserve Banks. They are similar to the Supreme Court. The Government appointed members are the majority on the committee. Hence the Governmental oversight.
Have you not brushed over 2 important concepts?
1. Fractional reserve banking allows banks to lend out up to 10 times more than they have in deposits leading to predatory lending, instability and speculation.
2. The idea that central bank policy is not linked to 'politics' actually means that they are not accountable to the people, nor their representatives which may lead to policies which do not benefit society at large.
Whilst I understand that the video looks to simplify the issues at hand and portray a mainstream viewpoint, simplifying holds the danger of giving the impression that our economic system is technically optimal in its operation (which it isn't) and morally and politically uncontentious (which it also isn't)
+PokerDuende I said something similar...just not as well worded. Love ur comment. Had thought crash course was better than this.Seems intentional that they omitted these radical/fundamental truths...
You guys are awesome. Thank you for taking the time to make these videos!
So, uh... who is this Yellen person, then?
I've watched this video twice and I still have no idea. They never actually say how she fits into this whole thing... her name only comes up three times.
Is she in charge of the U.S. federal bank?
yeap
Obama appointed Yellen chairman of the Fed Reserve in 2013
i am in love with Adrienne Hill.... she is really high on energy and seriously committed to job of explaining this stuff plus i lover her subtle humour... she is beautiful too...
In the words of one of the Frankensteins that created the monster, "Gold Is Money, Everything Else Is Credit" JP Morgan 1912, the year before the monster was created.
+The Voluntaryist Absolutioninist Why is gold money? Why not iron? Iron is probably more useful than gold, so why aren't we using iron for our money?
TheBreezyTrousers
Because Gold is Highly conductive, dense, malleable, most importantly unreactive and has been valued and cherished by humanity since the dawn of civilisation, in addition to being very rare.
Can you say the same for Iron?
When you are dead and it's 200 years in the future, the paper money we use, will be looked upon in a museum of failed idea's, but people will walk by still wearing gold jewelry and using electronics which require gold for better conduction.
The Voluntaryist Absolutioninist What about being highly conductive makes it good for money? Are you going to be passing electricity through it? Plastic is also not very reactive, so why aren't we using plastic?
Also, Graphene is more conductive than gold, and is actually stronger than gold, so why aren't we using graphene as currency, or platinum, or silver? We currently use copper and not gold for our electrical circuits because copper is more conductive than gold and is cheaper, so why are we even bothering with it?
What makes gold so special? What is a valuable property of gold that other materials don't have?
+TheBreezyTrousers Gold is pretty. Thats why we are imagine something into it.
Listen you sheeple can keep all of your wealth in a fiat currency, and when the SHTF, you can burn it to keep you warm, the one good thing you can use it for.
It is a good explanation of monetary policy. But what is alarming to me and nobody is mentioning it is this that massive qe programs expanded fed's balance sheet from 1.5-4.5 trillion dollars since 2009, which shrinked fed's capital to paltry 0.9%. As it is explained in the video fed is about to take this extra money out of economy just before the party gets started (banks are now more willing to lend and excess reserves are shrinking), which is now. Fed also raised federal funds rate in recent past to 1,25%. What is alarming is since interest rates are going to get higher, fed will be forced to take losses on the sale of mbs and treasuries (it doesn't take losses just now, because it's accounting practice is not marked to market), since these are going to fall in prices when interest rates get up. So 0.9% buffer just looks thin to me and I hope I am wrong and they have it somehow figured out. :/
You can tell you're a nerd when you binge watch crash course.
I guess I'm a nerd then....
or a student with a last minute emergency study plan..
yep
cramming for an exam has never been easier
True that, I binged 30 episodes straight 😁
"Who knows how to spell Quantitative?" Is that really a challenging word?
It's a joke
Yay, a new CC: Economics!
Will you guys be doing a video about full reserve banking? From what I understand (which isn't all that much tbh, which is why I'd like a video to make sure I'm not misunderstanding anything here) fractional reserve banking means that the main creation of new money is in banks instead of at the fed, as the money not in reserve is given out and so belongs to multiple people at once, meaning, in essence, new money is created, however, it is based on debt. If full reserve banking were to be used then all new money creation could be held at the level of the fed through quantitative easing. The same amount of new money can enter the system, however, due to the money being created from a single central point it can be easily regulated, reducing speculation - all banks feeding large amounts of the newly created money directly into areas that look like they're doing well, creating bubbles, which eventually pop, causing financial crises. Full reserve banking would take some time to get to, as you couldn't starve the economy of money all in one go while banks get to the 100% reserve point, but in the long run it could reduce the chances of financial crises, and the fed could still direct the newly created money towards entrepreneurs and parties whose goal is beneficial to society, as opposed to just the places that will make the most money in the short run.
>"The US and other foriegn governments have worked hard to make sure the Fed is isolated from politics and potentially short-sighted politicians." I long for the simpler times of 2015...
When you get a mortgage, the bank does not lend out huge sums of physical cash. Instead the bank would prefer you buy your house using your newly credited account. By doing so, the bank can settle the transaction with its account at the federal reserve. When banks settle transactions on behalf of their customers who make their payments, the net position of the banks are calculated and a net transfer of central banks reserves are made. For banks with a deficit, they can borrow from other banks or use the central banks standing facilities. For banks with a surplus of reserves, they can lend out the reserves or use the standing facilities for depositing excess reserves. In aggregate this means a redistribution of central bank reserves. Open market operations can also have a similar redistributing effect.
The money supply consists mainly of:
Central bank reserves = liabilities of the central bank and an asset for banks with an account at the Central Bank. Only banks with an account at the Central Bank can settle transactions in the manner I described above. Consequently central bank reserves circulate in a closed system. An increase in reserves does not necessarily mean an increase in the money supply. A genuine increase in the money supply would have to increase broad money, namely what the public holds, not some numbers in a closed off environment.
Bank deposits = bank liabilities, an IOU issued by banks which is basically a promise to repay the holder. In fact we shouldn't call it deposits because that implies you simply drop off cash at your bank. It ignores the fact that you can settle transactions with these deposits. Deposit is a euphemism. It's actually credit and its the banks who issue credit. By credit I mean a means of payment which is also a liability for the creditor. Banking is not about keeping some money and lending the rest, it's about substituting a commonly held means of payment by your own means of payment.
Cash = bank notes and coins, you all know what this one is. Technically they're also a liability of the central bank.
If you could only start off by defining the three main types of money in the money supply and elaborate on the payment system, you wouldn't get all this confusion and misunderstanding.
A further reading would be:
What is money - and easy introductory article on the ECB's website. Here some key terms are inside and outside money. Note there is no multiplier because banking does not work that way.
The infamous 2014 q1 quarterly bulletin bank of England money creation in the modern economy.
Om pengemengden - Marie Norum Lerbak (Norges Bank, bank of Norway. Sorry it's in Norwegian but the two above should be a decent introduction to banking in general)
That illuminati joke had me weak! Thanks Crash Course for making this economic policy course less painful!
Love all your videos! Best way to learn!
my "there's a new cc econ video" sense was tingling
Thanks for this Wonderful Course Team!
Dear FED, You're fired.
~Love~
AMERICA
+BUD7H357UD but we still want all the stability and prosperity you provide.
+neeneko You're joking, right? Stability? Ha! That's a hoot.
As for prosperity, that is more from human invention than anything the FED did.
+Ardy F I see you have bought into the Paul Krugman's revisionist history of the economy. There are other views that look into the unintended consequences of creating the central bank. I would also add that it is much better to have shorter intervals between free market corrections with quick recoveries, than what we have today with long massive bubbles and horrendous recovery times. Yes, there will be businesses that fold under free market corrections, just like under the massive bubble crashes today. However, the number of people affected by shorter market corrections is far less than the "To big to fail" concept we have today.
Ardy F Is the free market really that bad that we need the overhead cost of the FED coupled with having the value of our money stolen right from our wallets and putting our children into more and more debt? Also there is an overhead for enforcing legal tender laws.
I almost think the free market system is worth it just to avoid all the extra bullshit that comes with "stability".
Also, some people question whether the FED actually does what it says it does. www.ContraKrugman.com
You guys are doing a really great job; I gotta tell you, I like how you make things so simple :)
Illuminati confirmed! lol
I hope you could post more videos! I always miss CC Economics.
It is important to remember that the Federal Reserve System is owned by the commercial banks; the Fed is not a government agency. Under the law that created the Federal Reserve System, the Fed became the only entity permitted to self-create credit. When the Fed issues new Federal Reserve Notes and then loans these notes to the U.S. Treasury, what is exchanged are IOUs for IOUs.
Now, let's examine the term "fractional reserves." When paper currency was redeemable in gold and/or silver coinage, but the bank issuing paper currency did not hold sufficient coinage to redeem 100% of the notes in circulation, this was when we had a fractional reserve system. Today, there is not requirement that anything tangible back the Federal Reserve Notes issued. There are no REAL money reserves backing this paper currency. Federal Reserve Notes are essentially promises to pay nothing in particular.
like the Economics show better than the others in Crash Course
Macro-economics at some point my eyes glaze over and my brain says "Okay, it's basically Voodoo right?".
Fantastic Video. Perfect refresher before my exam today!
Hey I know Janet Yellen she's the counterfeiter in chief!
hey i know you don't have a brain!
i binge watch these religiously
The guy in this video talks way too fast!! - I had to rewind it after every clip, just to grasp all of what he's saying.
That's true.
You need to do more research, its a language you don’t understand, learn the language and you’ll understand
@@tannershep3311 lol
reduce the speed of the video.
Sergio Loyola AC/DC Econ
well your making this easier to understand than fluid dynamics.... not saying much but I do mean it as a compliment.
It's Jerome Powell (chairman of the fed) now for anyone who doesn't know. I think Janet Yellen retired
Hi @CrashCourse , I notice a typo in the description of this video (the word "aand "). I love the videos that you made guys =D Keep doing that awesome work =)
I don't believe there should be any government involvement in the economy, except to prevent basic infringement of people's rights to their own person/property (murder, rape, theft, fraud, etc.). Governement protects against these things through law enforcement, a justice system, and a military. Everything else should be left to the people (or at least the states) to decide for themselves. This included anything to do with banks or money. Currency should be denationalized and subject to free market competition like everything else. People should be free to use whatever currency they deem fit (most stable, portable, divisible, etc.). There should be no central bank that has a monopoly on control of U.S. currency. Of course, private banks (like the federal reserve) can produce their own currency, but the people should be free to opt for another form and government should not be involved. If a bank screws up, they should be allowed to fail like any business to make room for a better one (like ones with more liquid assets). The government shouldn't be speeding up or slowing down the economy.
interesting... but doesn't seem realistic
that would restrict trading between lots of people and how could you say 1 "choppy" coin is equal to 7 "iddy" coins? it would have to be a long time to analyze. on my point in trading ,say my doctor is paid in 'choppy ' and I have "stinsons" how would that work? in theory it sounds good but wouldn't last.
Darius Brown I disagree. Your "choppy" coin and "iddy" coin is akine to a gold coin and a silver coin.
Each business would be free to choose which currency they accept.
If you use a form that someone else doesn't accept, then they've just lost your business. It behooves them to accept as many forms as possible.
In the same way, today, someone might lose business if they don't accept credit, debit, checks, etc. It behooves them to accept as many as possible.
Having a government monopoly on currency is not the answer. Currency, like everything else, should be subject only to the free market.
I could agree with this 100 percent but you're not considering other factors, such as: Trading between countries (which is vital for economical growth), out of reach currency (as in me flying in from Georgia with my own personal currency and not being able to buy anything because their currency was out of reach.) And big businesses monopolizing on money again.
Saying someone has to adopt more than one currency is going to make the poor more poor.
The government doesn't control the money, private banks like the reserve do.
Darius Brown Trading between countries - Countries already trade just fine, though they each have separate currencies.
Americans should be free to trade with whomever they please, domestically or internationally, without any government interference at all.
They currency used in that trade should be the mutual agreement between trading partners.
. . . .
Out of reach currency - This is even less of an issue considering we are in a digital age where there is growing experimentation in digital currencies.
People should be free to use whichever currency they deem is the best suited to their economic activity.
There should be no government monopoly dictating that all Americans must use a single national currency regardless of its problems.
The government can inflate or deflate the currency at will, thereby artificially increasing or decreasing its value.
I for one don't want my money to be devalued. Yet, I have no choice but to accept this devaluation in the U.S. dollar, as an American.
. . . .
"Saying someone has to adopt more than one currency is going to make the poor more poor"
My whole argument is against forcing anyone to accept any particular currency. They are free to use whichever currency they deem is best.
Also, how does that "make the poor more poor?" What does that even mean?
Who are you defining as "the poor?"
Who would freedom of choice in your money effect "the poor" any differently than anyone else?
. . . .
A single private bank is given a total monopoly on the currency. I see no reason why there can't be multiple banks issuing their own currencies and the people being free to choose which is best. This would create competition between currencies.
Free market competition produced higher quality choices and destroys lower quality ones.
Question: around min 5, when the FED issues more treasury bonds (because it wants to reduce banks liquidity), are the banks obliged to buy them? In other words, how that the FED ensures the banks liquidity is reduced?
If Dan Brown watched this, he just got another idea for a novel...
+Coffee Abernethy Ha, I get it. Loved inferno. Do you think it will come to that/believe we require culling to survive as a species?
Love the passion!! timeless series!!
Milton Friedman is the man !
*was
no he's not you dumb moron
This video actually makes sense
You make it sound like the Federal Reserve is a government body. It's not.
+Sam Barkley Take a look at the Federal Reserve Act. Also: www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12799.htm
+Sam Barkley Like many institutions, it falls outside the simple 'public/private' distinction people tend to think in.
+Saint Nick It still says it's an independent bank, hence the interest it charges the government for using its own money.
+Sam Barkley In theory, the ideal is that the Fed (or more generally a country's central bank) is independent of government. The US Fed and the European Central Bank do come close to that ideal. But not perfectly so. Central banks are invariably created by governments, so in practice there won't be perfect independence. Self-promotion: Check out *ECON COW* (search it on TH-cam!), a new educational TH-cam channel devoted to economics. I have 5 videos so far, including *The Price of a Human Life* and *Insurance is Immoral*. Let me know what you think! Thanks!
Grey - it is 100% private, if it were public it would have to be more transparent and would need to be regularly audited by the government, but it is neither. Also, the company is owned by the big banks, JP Morgan, Chase, Goldman Sachs etc.
Hello there and sorry guys. I don't really get the part where it says the Federal Reserve issues more bonds which would decrease bank's liquidity and money supply because of having less money to loan.
From what I can understand, commercial banks require more liquidity and thus selling the previously issued government bonds to Federal Reserve to increase money supply. But, commercials banks can refuse to buy the bonds issued by Federal Reserve so that they can keep the money? or the banks want to make a profit by buying the bonds to earn the interest which could be higher since the Federal Reserve attempts to increase the interest rate and lures the banks to buy the bonds at an attractive interest rate? Sorry for being ignorant and Thanks in advance if anyone can explain it to me. :)
End the FED.
+kozzy18 And replace it with what? If nothing exists to try to control inflation and unemployment, you rely entirely on the "invisible hand" of capitalism. Which is rather chaotic, and only really works when companies play by certain rules that they have incentive to bend and break.
Jensaw101
Replace it with nothing.
+kozzy18 We tried that. It was shit.
Saint Nick
No it wasn't.
+Jensaw101 There is. Between the world wars, germany suffer from the economic depression. Monetary experts of the 3rd reich reboot the whole german monetary system, and skyrocket the industry. You can do it in the US too, just need to not do the world war thing. Ohh wait. is it allready began?
You just need to copy the monetary system of the reich, but no more, and there will no problem, nor debt. ALL the debt belong to the FED, and the FED is owned by the Rotschilds. Put out the FED out from business, and print your own money by the state, and not by a private bank like the FED. DANGER this can lead to a bullet in your head like Keneddy. google:executive order 11110
The poor fag thinks as he is the president of the US, he can print money. No. This is Rotschield priviledge only. till somebody put him out of business.
www .tax-freedom.com/ta24000.htm
Legal currency had a red seal on it. Since 1913, there is no legal banknotes printed in the US(except a few under Keneddy)
Green sealed banknotes are unconstitutional, and therefore illegal, monopoly on the power to
counterfeit “money” into existence,
in its own hands of course.
Positive feedback: very clearly outlined.....it flows smoothly. I enjoy the material.Critical feedback: wish you would speak more slowly so I could absorb easier.Thanks
Fun Fact: Sense the Federal Reserve was created in 1913, the US dollar
has lost 96% of its value, which means a dollar today is 4 cents in
1913, this is caused by inflation which happens when there is more money
printed, when the amount rises the value falls.
Amazing lesson. I learnt a lot from this.
The banks don't have any money in them. It's called fractional reserve banking.
How about a video about the Canadian banking system and monetary policies? Thanks
END THE FED!
Thank you Crash Course for helping me study for my teaching certification!!
These videos just cover the basics. All the 19 year old armchair economists that think they know everything need to chill out
I've been looking for such video the whole day..
You guys rock !!
God bless for helping me pass my final econ essay
Quick question...if the regular commercial banks can and do get money from the FED, what is the point of depositors? Are they redundant?
Here come the Austrians.
+Canyu Believeit (IhateBs) Any day now! Then you dastardly Keynesians will see! Any day now the world economy will crash! We may have been wrong 99.9% of the time, but one day we'll be right and then you'll see!
Guys, I was just making a joke. No one needs to make a fuss.
***** Yeah! That's right you filthy statists! We Austrians are always right! Sure, we might get almost all of our predictions wrong, but that one time we were right is enough! ... even though almost every other economist had predicted the same thing, but for different reasons!
***** Yeah! We Austrians always get it right! Government not getting involved in the economy is like the best thing ever! Nevermind the fact that there were more economic crashes under our system and that the Great Depression lasted longer because of a lack of intervention, and nevermind The New Deal, which helped the US economy become the greatest economy of the 20th century! Nevermind all that, because 0.01% of our total predictions came true!
***** Deflation? What's that?! I've never heard of such a thing! Surely it can't be the thing that happened during the great depression and couldn't be fixed because we were still adhered to the gold standard! That couldn't possibly be it!
Wow! You did a video on monetary policy! I’m stumped!😂❤🎉
You just saved me from failing my economics exam ahahahhah XD
YAY ECONOMICS I FEEL LIKE THEY TAKE 4 EVER TO UPLOAD AN EPISODE
5:19 quantitative easing? central bank buying govt bonds and securities
You guys should really have a math series, i could really use some help with differential calculus.
I watch the whole episode on 0.5 speed and I omg they have finally started to speak normal'ish' :D She could be a bit faster but finally I got to understand the fast guy. :D
The Fed can also literally print money as well.
The Federal Reserve has 1 important job: destroying nations.
"If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks will deprive all people of their property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs."
This was said by Thomas Jefferson, debating a national bank (like the Federal Reserve) charter.
He also said, "I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies."
He was no doubt correct. The USD, since it's inception has lost 96% of it's value, millions are living with perpetual debt, losing all property and assets to bank foreclosures. It's believed that this system, was the very underlying cause for the American Revolution, in the first place. In 1913, the American people lost that revolution, after a meeting on Jekyll Island took place, to draft the Federal Reserve Act. That Act would later be signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, effectively dooming the US economy. Unless we restore the power to issue currency back to the people, no amount of tax cuts, budget cuts, debt ceilings, etc, will stop the inevitable economic collapse.
Love the channel thanks for all the knowledge
I'm homeschooled. This is what I use for Economics Class. Interesting, no?
Same!
0:30
0:45
1:23
2:13
2:23
2:33
3:18
3:29
3:35
3:49
3:59
4:10
4:26
4:47
5:07
5:44
6:34
6:59
7:16
7:58
8:25
why don't we just eliminate the interest rate completely?
Profit and inflation
lucas matthews elaborate please.
MarZ but I thought the economy only gets better when interest rate is low.
+7searchful Basically, you need an interest rate otherwise no one would lend money. If I'm a bank, why would I take the risk of lending money to someone if I didn't get a something in return? Banks and other lenders have to make a profit on loans or they can't pay their employees or keep their lights on. Now, of course, we can have a long debate about what the interest rate ought to be (cue discussions about student loans) but it's an absolutely necessary structure to make loaning money attractive to the lender.
As this video stated, low interest rate means loans are easier to pay, but this mean peoples buy more items until the market cannot overcome the purchasing demand. By that time, because we know that all market resources are limited, the inflation on items will occur unavoidable until borrowing money is not enough to buy anything anymore.
I love the implication that a dentist office is the only place you would find a magazine.
Well typical Keynesian economists don't know anything wrong with the Fed. I learned more facts about our monetary system from Mike Maloney than crash course. All I learned by watching the whole series is just how banks use a bunch of big terms to confuse the average Joe Sixpack and convince them that our monetary system is awesome and that there are no flaws in it.
Always good stuff here
...um, SVB anyone? ..anyone?
The problem with contractionary monetary policy is that while it makes sense on paper, nobody ever wants to do it ever.
The solution is resourced backed money created by the people of the nation and a pure free market any one that says the fed works needs to explain why the US is drowning in debt .
If the US dollar was removed as the world reserve currency you would see the results of the FED rather quickly .
+Travis polson You lost everyone at pure free market.
+Joe Kennedy Yeah. Free market sucks at essential services. It's fine for making stuff, though.
*****
Essential services.. like... bread?? or electricity?? A loaf of bread may cost 99 cents, but it is going to be as cheep and good as it possibly can be because of competition, supply and demand. 100% of taxes however gets eaten up in the bureaucracy,wars, debt interest, and prisons Then you get a shiny new road paid wholly with monetized debt. The soul service of the government is to protect each individuals life, liberty, and property nothing else.
I think he means things like health care and social security.
Joe Kennedy
Heath care is just as important as bread. Unpaid liability's for medicare/caid and s.s. exceeds the entire output for world G.D.P. There aren't enough taxes in the world to pay for government healthcare. In the '50's Before these programs Catholic hospitals relied on charity, never turned anyone away insured or not and they did it solvently. When charity is FORCED, honest charity leaves.
missed out the muliplier effect of the fractional reserve system - i.e. private bank money creation