Hearing that music play at 3:15 was a crazy wakeup call to how magical all this is. The fact that these mechanics somehow turn into conscious hearing of sound
There's one thing I'd like to mention. The calcium is important in this mechanism because, apart from amplifying the depolarisation and forcing the neurotransmitter vesicles to leave the hair cell, it stimulates the opening of the K canals in the baso-lateral membrane, through which the K exits the cell and repolarisation happens.
You all probably dont give a damn but does any of you know a way to log back into an instagram account? I somehow forgot the password. I would appreciate any tricks you can offer me!
Thankyou so much for your wonderful lesson. This is for Nisse, glutamate is the neurotransmitter released by exocytosis, which normally has an excitatory effect. The neurotransmitter is also contained in a vesicle tethered by a synaptic ribbon allowing lots of vesicles to attach to a large number of hair cell's active zone.
You Guys were uploading such wonderful masterpieces 11 years ago. I request you to please Continue uploading Videos please . Audiences are same please Come back and embrace New World
you are a gift from god. this video is so incredible. if i had 2 cows to give i would give them both to you. i wish all the best upon your children if you choose to have them/currently already do.
These videos always amaze me, the human body is already so fascinating but to me quite understandable. I can not even comprehend how one would go about making a video like this.
Thank you so much for this video. Watching videos while studying always helps me learn things better. It took me a while to sort through the videos that go only into laymen's detail.
Thanks for this video. I liked the way you presented things in stages, and then made those stages transparent progressively. I'll have to watch these videos a couple of times; but thanks for this information!
Amazing video!!!! currently studying for my USMLE and it helped me understand better things I did not learn correctly in Med School. Just awesome! Thanks!
I've been studying the cochlear for 10 years as my work is to one day solve Otosclerosis. I've seen countless videos, this video is probably one of the best. The only thing missing was Spiral Ganglion cells and the connection from Haircells to nerve fibres. Otherwise beautiful!
Thank you for your effort to make this awesome video. Through the video I can feel how wonderful our body is. Literally, human body is a universe... even just listening sound, molecular scale exquisite mechanism is working!! I give you huge thanks again!!
10 years since this video was published and looks better than many videos in 2020, thank you! Also if someone wants to know what kind of transmitter substance is that the author of this video mentioned, Guyton says that it is glutamate, but this is not certain.
I wish there was a more detailed explanation on how this cell body opens up the channels for an action potential at the axon but other then that, very helpful
In these last 10 years, we learned that most nerve connections are actually going to the motor cilias. Ten years ago, the official view was exactly 3 motor cilias for 1 sensor cilia. The updated view is a ratio ranging from 3 to 5 motor cilias per sensor.
Those extra set of cells with hairs without the purple nucleus are motor cells. They are actual "servos" that apply pressure to the membrane via their hairs to dampen the signal. That is why your hearing is dampened after loud music or you constantly turn the music up louder to keep getting that "loud sound". Avoid that temptation as you are pushing your hearing to its limit, overriding the protective mechanism and risking damage. The motor cells are doing their job to protect the stereocilia. These motor cells more importantly allow you to focus in on particular sounds such as hearing one individuals voice out of a crowd or quieting that water drip that could otherwise drive you crazy. It is literally a 1000s of bands graphic equalizer in your ear, able to adjust the gain of each specific frequency band at any moment. Awesome!
I think you have a few things wrong here - yes, those are motor cells. But what they do is actually AMPLIFY the sound by about 50 dB. The dampening that you are speaking off exists, but is taking place in the middle ear, where small muscles (the smallest in the human body, actually) are stiffening the auditory ossicles, thereby dampening the transfer of sound from the eardrum to the cochlea by about 30 dB, within 40-100 ms of the loud sound starting. That means that when you're listening to loud music, your middle ear will dampen the sound in order to protect the cochlea. But this whole system is not fast enough to protect against quick impulses, such as gunshots, loud drum hits etc.
Hi. I specifically remember reading it from a relatively recent science journal. Research into understandings how we selectively hear voices out of crowd which was once thought to be entirely processed in the brain. But was discovered to be performed mechanically in our cochlea. There are motor cells with cilia that can dampen the region of the membrane adjacent to the matching receptor cells and their cilia. Basically a vast graphic equalizer (no gain) with precise attenuation abilities. I am aware of the muscle that dampens the ossicle, but that is not what I was referring to. It is unfortunate that the system is not fast enough to protect against sudden loud sounds for such an amazing apparatus.
I'd love to read that journal. From what I learned the motor cells amplify the sound instead of dampening it as you say. I haven't done any original research on that matter, but the exact topic came up during a lecture today, I'm just repeating what I remembered.
Ahh, I was confused when the narrator mentioned afferent neurons in the cochlea. My book never mentioned anything about motor neurons in the Organ of Corti.
I saw this video almost 7 years ago and i remember it sounded like Greek to me back then but i still watche it again and again because it was so fascinating to me, now coming back i can almost hear the echo of her voice, i remember the words ... (cranial nerve n superiour auditory nucleus...down the helecodrema)now knowing the meaning....
Subhan Allah ﴿ سَنُرِيهِمْ آيَاتِنَا فِي الْآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ ۗ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ﴾ سورة فصلت الآية ٥٣ " We will show them Our signs in the horizons and in themselves until it becomes evident to them that He is the Truth. Is it not sufficient that your Lord is witness over everything?" The Holy Quran 41:53 ......... ﴿هَٰذَا خَلْقُ اللَّهِ فَأَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقَ الَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِ ۚ بَلِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴾ سورة لقمان الآية ١١ "Such is Allah’s creation, so showpl me what those apart from Him have created; rather, the unjust are in evident misguidance" The Holy Quran 31:11
I would suggest that you don't remember the type of cation, rather understand the ionic basis itself. the basic concept is whenever the inside of the cell is positive relatively to the outside of the cell, the membrane is depolarized. So, we don't care what type of cation, as long as there's a net inflow of positive current that make the inside of the cell positive relative to outside, depolarization that's it.
I literally thought why is this so complex when I remember that I thought that the cochlea was just a simple water sac snail channel with hairs on the entire inner surface. The hairs being of different sizes for pitch hearing
This question may go beyond the scope of the video, but which of the two explanations is more accurate regarding our perception of pitch? (Anyone can chime in) 1. Each part of the cochlea contains different hair cells that each pertains to a particular pitch. If one were able to somehow stimulate each hair cell individually, they could be played like a little...organ. 2. All hair cells are actually the same, but different frequencies of sound waves have a natural affinity with different parts of the cochlea while the different rates of potassium influx determine the pitch. Theoretically, vibrating any hair cell with the same frequency will give us the same perception of that one pitch. While the first explanation is much simpler, I still look at the second as a possible reason why the cochlea is in a conch shell pattern. Other than to take up less space, the particular geometry of a conch shell has properties of being used as a horn and is the preferred method for experiencing "ocean" resonance. I'm hoping that someone here who has a good understanding of sound physics and acoustics can shed some light on that.
After some scant research (and for the sake of those who are curious about this answer too), it turns out that the differentiation of pitch is neither based upon each individually unique hair cell nor the shape of the cochlea, but rather on the varying mass and tension that occurs along the basilar membrane.
RCynic75 The basilar membrane in the first turn of the Organ of Corti is narrow and tightly stretched, so it resonates at a high frequency; as a result, the hair cells in the first turn are stimulated by high frequency sounds. The basilar membrane becomes wider and less tightly stretched as it moves from the first to the third turns, therefore resonating at a lower and lower frequency. So....a low pitched sound doesn't move the hair cells in the first turn much at all, while it moves the hair cells in the third turn a lot.
Excellent visualization. The best of the half-dozen or so cochlear animations I've seen so far. But it's ironic that the audio quality is terrible (like most of the others on cochlear function, oddly enough). It's full of bubbly artifacts that sound like over-aggressive application of a noise-reduction algorithm.
@ZachreyCA High frequency (high pitch) means more cycles per second. There is not enough time to go around, so they pass right through the vestibular membrane.
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Absolutely amazing how complicated the inner ear is. Thank you for this 3D visualization. Very helpful!
Hearing that music play at 3:15 was a crazy wakeup call to how magical all this is. The fact that these mechanics somehow turn into conscious hearing of sound
its cool how vibrations of the air can give us such a emotional response.
Idk why i listened to it again and again
There's one thing I'd like to mention.
The calcium is important in this mechanism because, apart from amplifying the depolarisation and forcing the neurotransmitter vesicles to leave the hair cell, it stimulates the opening of the K canals in the baso-lateral membrane, through which the K exits the cell and repolarisation happens.
Either this video only works on the right speaker, or the organ of corti in my left ear is broken :(
:)))) works on the right speaker indeed, had to check if my headphones still do the job
???
@@WORLDWINNER10125 hahahahah
It was intentional
True brother 😂😂😂😂
god bless 3d, i couldn't understand how everything came together from my book images
You all probably dont give a damn but does any of you know a way to log back into an instagram account?
I somehow forgot the password. I would appreciate any tricks you can offer me!
@@nathanielmorgan129 reset the password
Thankyou so much for your wonderful lesson. This is for Nisse, glutamate is the neurotransmitter released by exocytosis, which normally has an excitatory effect. The neurotransmitter is also contained in a vesicle tethered by a synaptic ribbon allowing lots of vesicles to attach to a large number of hair cell's active zone.
You Guys were uploading such wonderful masterpieces 11 years ago. I request you to please Continue uploading Videos please . Audiences are same please Come back and embrace New World
For a video about hearing, I wish it didn't make me think my left ear didn't work.
Omg me too but why it happend
@@nourahmad8076 video creator didn't edit or export the video correctly
dude i was thinking the exact same thing lmaoo😂
The best animation of cochlear function I've seen on youtube! Thanks a ton you guys!
One of the best animations. Beautiful work! Thanks a lot!
Watching this with a friend for an exam and we both cannot help but marvel at the fascination of the ear. THIS IS AMAZINNNGGG!!!
I don't really see why all dislikes. The video is very clear and it simplifies the mechanism of hearing.
Exactly what I needed to understand this!!! THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! Keep up the GREAT work!!!
you are a gift from god. this video is so incredible. if i had 2 cows to give i would give them both to you. i wish all the best upon your children if you choose to have them/currently already do.
Absolutely amazing. The more we learn, the more I marvel at the awesomely meticulous nature of our design. Thanks, God :)
These videos always amaze me, the human body is already so fascinating but to me quite understandable. I can not even comprehend how one would go about making a video like this.
Thank you for the detailed video! it helps a lot in visualizing the physiological function!
This video is a life saver, ive been breaking backs to understand this topic and ur video made it muchmuchmuch easier. thank you so much !!!!
well done, a positive contribution to the world. perfectly informative and well taught
Was I the only person who thought the high frequency sound bit was jarring and unexpected?
Great animation. Very useful tool for explaining this complex process.
amazing video! this is the very best one of which i've seen on youtube.
Thank you so much for this video. Watching videos while studying always helps me learn things better. It took me a while to sort through the videos that go only into laymen's detail.
Thanks for this video. I liked the way you presented things in stages, and then made those stages transparent progressively. I'll have to watch these videos a couple of times; but thanks for this information!
thanks a lot, videos like this make medicine students' life a lot easier
AMAZING.... Sooo helpful!!!! Three hours of reading cleared up in 6 minutes.
absolutely the best video on this subject. Wonderful video, detailed and comprehensible. Thank you
Amazing video!!!! currently studying for my USMLE and it helped me understand better things I did not learn correctly in Med School. Just awesome! Thanks!
Did you crack it?
Loved the phasing issues with the voice-over.
I've been studying the cochlear for 10 years as my work is to one day solve Otosclerosis. I've seen countless videos, this video is probably one of the best. The only thing missing was Spiral Ganglion cells and the connection from Haircells to nerve fibres. Otherwise beautiful!
I loved the explanation very simple and straight forward easy to understand!!
Beautifully informative, and excellent illustration :)
This is amazing, breathtaking!
It's one of the best 3d illustrated videos i have ever seen
Very nice presentation on working of Organs of Corti
This is great! I definitely have a much better understanding of how this part of the ear works! Thank You!
Thank you! I was looking for an animation just like this. The inner ear is so hard to visualize.
Thank you for your effort to make this awesome video. Through the video I can feel how wonderful our body is. Literally, human body is a universe... even just listening sound, molecular scale exquisite mechanism is working!! I give you huge thanks again!!
Excellent 3d view of the inner ear and video! Audiologist approved!
10 years since this video was published and looks better than many videos in 2020, thank you!
Also if someone wants to know what kind of transmitter substance is that the author of this video mentioned, Guyton says that it is glutamate, but
this is not certain.
Great video even with sound problems. Awesome job !!!
Amazing animations with a thorough explanation, thank you!
I wish there was a more detailed explanation on how this cell body opens up the channels for an action potential at the axon but other then that, very helpful
Gorgeous!! Thanks for this creation. :)
Thank you so much for making this video. It is wonderful!
wow, this is marvelous, it helps me to understand anatomy and histology, thanks alot
Amazing video on hearing anatomy. Thanks
What a wonderful video...thank you for making it!!
In these last 10 years, we learned that most nerve connections are actually going to the motor cilias. Ten years ago, the official view was exactly 3 motor cilias for 1 sensor cilia.
The updated view is a ratio ranging from 3 to 5 motor cilias per sensor.
Thanks. It was very well pictured and explained. Great job.
Those extra set of cells with hairs without the purple nucleus are motor cells. They are actual "servos" that apply pressure to the membrane via their hairs to dampen the signal. That is why your hearing is dampened after loud music or you constantly turn the music up louder to keep getting that "loud sound". Avoid that temptation as you are pushing your hearing to its limit, overriding the protective mechanism and risking damage. The motor cells are doing their job to protect the stereocilia. These motor cells more importantly allow you to focus in on particular sounds such as hearing one individuals voice out of a crowd or quieting that water drip that could otherwise drive you crazy. It is literally a 1000s of bands graphic equalizer in your ear, able to adjust the gain of each specific frequency band at any moment. Awesome!
I think you have a few things wrong here - yes, those are motor cells. But what they do is actually AMPLIFY the sound by about 50 dB.
The dampening that you are speaking off exists, but is taking place in the middle ear, where small muscles (the smallest in the human body, actually) are stiffening the auditory ossicles, thereby dampening the transfer of sound from the eardrum to the cochlea by about 30 dB, within 40-100 ms of the loud sound starting.
That means that when you're listening to loud music, your middle ear will dampen the sound in order to protect the cochlea.
But this whole system is not fast enough to protect against quick impulses, such as gunshots, loud drum hits etc.
Hi. I specifically remember reading it from a relatively recent science journal. Research into understandings how we selectively hear voices out of crowd which was once thought to be entirely processed in the brain. But was discovered to be performed mechanically in our cochlea. There are motor cells with cilia that can dampen the region of the membrane adjacent to the matching receptor cells and their cilia. Basically a vast graphic equalizer (no gain) with precise attenuation abilities. I am aware of the muscle that dampens the ossicle, but that is not what I was referring to. It is unfortunate that the system is not fast enough to protect against sudden loud sounds for such an amazing apparatus.
I'd love to read that journal. From what I learned the motor cells amplify the sound instead of dampening it as you say. I haven't done any original research on that matter, but the exact topic came up during a lecture today, I'm just repeating what I remembered.
Ahh, I was confused when the narrator mentioned afferent neurons in the cochlea. My book never mentioned anything about motor neurons in the Organ of Corti.
Downfall Studio im sure thats the facial nerve (cranial nerve 7) that softens the shear force from malleus to the tympanic membrane
Fantastic. Thank you very much.
Best ever video for understanding this concept
You are wonderful. Thank you, this explains a lot☺
Finally I found a vid that actuatelly shows the ear hair.
I saw this video almost 7 years ago and i remember it sounded like Greek to me back then but i still watche it again and again because it was so fascinating to me, now coming back i can almost hear the echo of her voice, i remember the words ... (cranial nerve n superiour auditory nucleus...down the helecodrema)now knowing the meaning....
Wow, this is fantastic. The visualization really helps.
Thanks for this awesome video. I've been struggling with this all day- could have saved myself a lot of time if I'd seen this first!!!!!
Subhan Allah
﴿ سَنُرِيهِمْ آيَاتِنَا فِي الْآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ ۗ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ﴾
سورة فصلت الآية ٥٣
" We will show them Our signs in the horizons and in themselves until it becomes evident to them that He is the Truth. Is it not sufficient that your Lord is witness over everything?"
The Holy Quran 41:53
.........
﴿هَٰذَا خَلْقُ اللَّهِ فَأَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقَ الَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِ ۚ بَلِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴾
سورة لقمان الآية ١١
"Such is Allah’s creation, so showpl me what those apart from Him have created; rather, the unjust are in evident misguidance"
The Holy Quran 31:11
best vid on this topic on youtube, definitely
what a concise and perfect explanation!
How perfect and simple is this video.. Thank you
Good explanation, very useful. Thank you
Great !!! It will be good if you will show us about regeneration of the hair cells. Thanks.
mind blowing explanation, thanks a lot
I would suggest that you don't remember the type of cation, rather understand the ionic basis itself. the basic concept is whenever the inside of the cell is positive relatively to the outside of the cell, the membrane is depolarized. So, we don't care what type of cation, as long as there's a net inflow of positive current that make the inside of the cell positive relative to outside, depolarization that's it.
Thank you, this really helps me to understand, ,,great work
excellent demonstration ,
Great video. Thanks for posting.
Amazing video. Really appreciate what you've done and shared!
This animation is insanely good
really I love it thank youuuuu so much this is my first time to understand how ear work
Just amazing structure. Awesome video.
I literally thought why is this so complex when I remember that I thought that the cochlea was just a simple water sac snail channel with hairs on the entire inner surface. The hairs being of different sizes for pitch hearing
My right ear loved this video!
This question may go beyond the scope of the video, but which of the two explanations is more accurate regarding our perception of pitch? (Anyone can chime in)
1. Each part of the cochlea contains different hair cells that each pertains to a particular pitch. If one were able to somehow stimulate each hair cell individually, they could be played like a little...organ.
2. All hair cells are actually the same, but different frequencies of sound waves have a natural affinity with different parts of the cochlea while the different rates of potassium influx determine the pitch. Theoretically, vibrating any hair cell with the same frequency will give us the same perception of that one pitch.
While the first explanation is much simpler, I still look at the second as a possible reason why the cochlea is in a conch shell pattern. Other than to take up less space, the particular geometry of a conch shell has properties of being used as a horn and is the preferred method for experiencing "ocean" resonance. I'm hoping that someone here who has a good understanding of sound physics and acoustics can shed some light on that.
After some scant research (and for the sake of those who are curious about this answer too), it turns out that the differentiation of pitch is neither based upon each individually unique hair cell nor the shape of the cochlea, but rather on the varying mass and tension that occurs along the basilar membrane.
RCynic75
The basilar membrane in the first turn of the Organ of Corti is narrow and tightly stretched, so it resonates at a high frequency; as a result, the hair cells in the first turn are stimulated by high frequency sounds. The basilar membrane becomes wider and less tightly stretched as it moves from the first to the third turns, therefore resonating at a lower and lower frequency. So....a low pitched sound doesn't move the hair cells in the first turn much at all, while it moves the hair cells in the third turn a lot.
Awesome work! Congrats!!
Excellent visualization. The best of the half-dozen or so cochlear animations I've seen so far. But it's ironic that the audio quality is terrible (like most of the others on cochlear function, oddly enough). It's full of bubbly artifacts that sound like over-aggressive application of a noise-reduction algorithm.
Amazingly well done.
Thanks,thank you so much. What an animation.
simply the best......GOD bless you
great video! auto captions are wrong, please allow community caption contributions for those of us who are hard of hearing! thanks ;)
although Hensen and pillar cells are not mentioned, this is very precise and adequate.
You are amazing! That you so much! Wonderful teacher :)
best video i've found on this topic. thank you! you helped a lot! :)
Awesome visualization
Excellent video!
Great video. Valuable art.
Great video
OMG! This is soo good. Thanks a lot.
Low frequencies are detected near the base of the cochlea while high frequencies are detected near the helicotrema. Other than that, great video
Thank you.
i swear it's the best video ever !
great video!
thanks for helping me understand the ear
Extremely helpful! Thank you!
Amazing !! thank you so much
Very good.Perfect.
@ZachreyCA High frequency (high pitch) means more cycles per second. There is not enough time to go around, so they pass right through the vestibular membrane.
Fantastic animation!
Superb, Thank you very much!