Hello Mr Beato ! You're saying that you're going to the UK to interview Tori Amos. What about interviewing Richie Blackmore one of these days too. He's an absolute legend, he also has his own TH-cam channel. If it was possible, that would be one greatest interview. Anyway, have fun, and play loud ! God bless you Sir !
Interview subject ideas… Jon Brion? Roger Manning Jr. and Tim Smith, Eric Dover? (Jellyfish, etc…) Brian Kehew, (Moog Cookbook and the Who, Fiona Apple…) Good stories!
Hi Rick. No matter how well you explain the Beatles music in 2024, nothing can come anywhere close to listening to a new Beatles song for the very first time on a crappy AM transistor radio back in the early 60's. I was SO FORTUNATE to have grown up in that era.
Ditto that. Of course as an 11 year old kid I had no idea that I would be looking back these 50 plus years later and say what fun it was to have ‘been there’ when Help first landed on my turntable. This song was my favorite on the record, at the time. Your spot-on as always unpacking of it confirms soo much about why I loved it then and still now as much as ever. 🙏🏼
I can top that for a crappy radio experience, Norman Greenbaum's "Spirit in the Sky" was almost unlistenable on my transistor--it sounded like nothing but static.
Wish they all would because while they are all old, they are still mentally sharp. Imagine if we had Beethoven on video breaking down his songs. This type of content needs to be made for future generations before it's too late.
Every time somebody asks me.... "What's your FAVORITE Beatles Song?! I reply - "Hey! - That's not FAIR!!! - How do you pick just ONE?!" (However?! - the restored video version of Strawberry Fields?! Always give me a particularly warm and fuzzy feeling!! 🙂)
When I was a child and a teen, all I knew was that I loved The Beatles. As an old lady, I'm learning how they were pure genius. I appreciate them more than ever!
It is as though Mozart, Bach, and Beethoven, all incarnated into one little band. I like what David Gilmour said about the Beatles “they are not just a great band. They are a bloody miracle.
@@Paul-ot9fe you’re not gonna get any support on that one. What songs did he write? We all know his contributions. None of the other bands, he produced came anywhere near Beatle quality. And, finally ,all of them had successful solo careers without him.
The pattern on the verses is actually something Paul came up with. Ringo plays it perfectly, as usual. Paul was a good drummer in his own right (as he showed on the album Band on the Run).
@@61moonshinePaul really isn't a very good drummer unless he's in a studio with the ability to overdub as on "Band On The Run". Unless you think it was all done live.😁
Fascinating considering they never wrote their iwn music. They were a creation of the tavistock institute. Truth is they had very little talent. Watch Mike Williams sage of quay.
When the Beatles music is slowed down and analysed their brilliance really shines through. And also it shows how far ahead they were of everyone else at the time.
id go on to say LENNON/ McCARTNEY seem to be the greatest composers of the 20th century with an extensive high quality catalogue. SO prolific and performing their songs expertly.
@@telliott something about that 2nd wave of hit tracks. The best era if you were there. The public really connected with how the music evolved and the personalities of the BEATLE MEMBERS were becoming more well known. I certainly was blown away by those records.R.I.P. JOHN LENNON & GEORGE HARRISON.
The Beatles knew music theory. They just didn't have the vocabulary to talk about it. But learning hundreds of covers and playing them for hours every night in Hamburg taught them all sorts of tricks and common moves. So yeah, they might not have known what a Picardy Third is, but you can hear it in a dozen of their songs. It's clear they'd absorbed how it was used in songs they admired and brought it into their own music. Same with augmented chords, diminished chords, borrowed chords, secondary dominants, voice leading, etc.
They knew music theory but not from studying it, from pure musical talent, trying things, being open to hearing what others had done in some of their songs, and bouncing ideas off each other and seeing what sounded cool and what worked. For musical geniuses they didn't need to be taught everything it just came to them because they knew their instruments and where they didn't they learnt from each other. That very rarely happens and to have all members of a band do this is even rarer, once or twice in a lifetime kinda stuff.
I think that's why I don't like the blues, old country, or old rap as much (i do, don't get me wrong); but there's just something about a happy sounding sad song lol. It's the juxtaposition of it all and it can go either way. The music can defy the dark lyrics or put an ever darker twist on the message by being oblivious.
I think that might be related to their often doing what Rick talks about -- having the melody contain notes that aren't actually in the chords below it. That's always really special when you can do a natural-sounding melody that's not comprised only of the chord notes, but of notes outside the chords.
That's because it didn't. A creation of the tavistock institute to bring about social change, they didn't write their own music. Just listen to everything they supposedly wrote. Theres no commonality, no trademarks. It all sounds like it was written by different people, which it was. Watch Mike Williams sage of quay. Nothing is what it seems.
@@cyeamaculture8486 once you escape normie world, you'll understand that virtually everything you've been told is a lie. Watch the videos and keep an open mind.
I grew up with the Beatles ( I'm 74 ) and for me 'strangely perfect' sums up just about every thing they've created - l might just tack 'and wonderful too' on the end of that...
Rick i love it when you talk about the Beatles. You always have enthusiasm when talking about music but you get that extra sparkle in your eye when talking about them. I love it. As for the song, i have literally been listening to it since it came out in 1965 when i was 5 years old. Obviously i love it but i never realized how complex it is until now. Ringo's drumming has aways shone through on it but as for the rest ... wow...they were masters at coming out with ear catching things, seemingly without even having to think about it. Marvelous!
They spent 2 years in Hamburg, playing all evening every day and practicing the rest of the time. That's how they built up so much (more!) skill and knowledge
Lewisohn's book estimates it at about 8000 hrs of playing in Hamburg. Rick's estimate that they learned 1000 songs by ear is probably right. So basically, they were consummate players and had absorbed just everything to do with pop music. By the time they were writing their own early stuff, they were almost like what they say AI is supposed be. They soaked up everything available and built it into something new. Then another miracle happened, they began evolving faster and faster. That 6-7 years from "Love Me Do" to "The End" is the most amazing era in pop music
The answer is revealed in the Get Back film when working on the song, Get Back. Paul explains to George that certain chords go in and out of fashion, which is an important fact for a young writer to be aware of and also be articulate enough to express. They were hyper forward thinking in their tonal sensibilities. The times required harmonic language that broke the same rules that were being broken socially, spiritually, politically etc. Ticket To Ride amongst so many of their other songs seek that harmonic feeling that anything is possible. WW2 had only ended 20 years prior to this song being written.
@@johnmc3862 The "timing" of a couple bars. Paul has publicly given him credit for the contribution. Didn't necessarily deserve a songwriting credit. It's only part of the arrangement.
@@Bidjje It's a part of the arrangement but a very important part in this song in fairness. He still should have got something, like a percentage royalty IMHO.
Paul told a story once that when they first started recording with George Martin, Martin would stop them sometimes and ask them why they were playing certain things. They'd tell him it was because that was the sound they wanted. Martin would insist that it was technically incorrect, but The Beatles would tell him that it was the way they wrote the song, and that's what they wanted on the record. Looks like they were right.
That's an interesting story and I believe it. I think the Beatles just learned guitar chords and started writing songs using the chords they knew without any understanding of music theory at all. But, that's the beauty of their style. True unbridled artists!
Agree. I've always felt Martin rec'd too much credit. He was a very good sounding board for ID'ing what instrument would give "them" the sound they wanted to get, but without The Beatles, we probably would not be talking about George Martin today, but without Martin, we definitely WOULD BE talking about The Beatles.
@@michaelorenstein9165allowing them to have certain things on their songs like that G6 chord in She Loves You or that feedback in I Feel Fine, helping with the structure of songs, giving some pointers for the new arrangement of Please Please Me....that's all George Martin. We're STILL talking about the Beatles because of the band AND their producer. They were a perfect match. The Beatles with a different producer would be a mere shadow (nevermind Let It Be, the band had been the biggest band ever for years at that time), George Martin with a differebt band wouldn't have been as big either.
Loved John's voice in the harmonies In the bridge of "We Can Work It Out"...he wrote that section. A little bite in his voice that worked so well with Paul's high harmonies.
So Liverpool call it whatever these pre 1967 vocals are energetic full of musical surprises . VERY pleasing quite british and at the time made the BEATLES sound so loved by everybody young and old.
PLUS writing songs for a myriad of other artists at the same time,where the hell did they find all that time,prolific is not a strong enough description AND they were touring + TV guest appearances,interviews,avoiding the hoardes and papperazzi,autograph signings,contractual commitments etc,etc.domestic life must have seemed a far off dream at the time.
Far and away my favorite band and have been for 50+ years.... When I got a car at age 15, I road around all summer just listening to the Beatles. They were the only band I played....
I started buying the albums for myself when I was about 10 in the order they came out. My musician friend from the 60s was who knows all the chords and I have never seen him use a Cabo was asked if he could read music. He said not enough to hurt my playing. Love to hear him play.
I pay for SirusXM satellite radio just so I can listen to endless commercial free Beatles while driving. But they also do interviews and other Beatles related stuff. Amazing after like 60 years they are still so intriguing and popular.
@@emanuelmota7217 The Beatles are best but The Doors are not that shabby,either. The Beatles also win for sheer amount of output as well. The Mamas and The Paps had some great harmonies as well so a few are close but no cigar.
I heard these songs when they first came out... have loved them all these years without knowing any music theory. Your enthusiasm for analyzing the genius of the Beatles brings me great joy!
How powerful are the emotions we feel when those melody notes are played against those chords with those words that tell the story. Yes powerful, and that is why we are still in love with their music all of these years later. Thank you for sharing your insights Rick.
This is exactly what it was like to go to class at Berklee College of Music in 1987 for harmony and theory or arranging even ear training! And. Everyone there could do it and understand it except for me and now I’m a pro musician and they do other things!!😂 ❤ 🎸
Congratulations you went there at the right time. When I was there in the 70's, Beatles and pop music was given a cold shoulder and frowned upon, thus I really lost interest in the curriculum and dropped out.
@@brucetowell3432 I didn’t drop out it’s just that the cost of tuition went up so high that I couldn’t afford to continue. However, I have quartet and play gigs and sometimes I actually sound good 👍! 😎🎸
It's great to see you analysing one of their earlier songs: it's not just their late stuff that was musically sophisticated and Ringo's drumming really drives this song along.
Explaining the music theory behind a note choice - a #11 in this case - for the emotional impact it makes, is what makes studying music theory so worthwhile!
Great,Rick.....At 73,I studied with the best on drums, but Ringo was the reason I started playing drums.We learn from each other, and I learned a ton from Ringo in my years playing and teaching....I love your stuff....Keep on going.Ticket to Ride is a difficult drum part to play correctly...Most don't.
I'm 62 and learn to play drums at the age of 14. I played mainly Rock from the 70s at the time, but my lead guitarist wanted to start a Beatles tribute band (which we all loved). So, I studied Ringo's playing from 62 thru 66 Revolver. The reason I didn't go on and learn the rest of the albums after 66, is because Ringo's drumming became harder to duplicate "Note of Note" drumming playing because of his unusual playing. It would have just taken hours and hours of listening and playing these fills. So, I ended up just playing easy versions with keeping time instead...lol
@@artguti1551 I saw a fairly recent interview with Ringo that gave a lot of insight into his unique playing. He's left-handed, but played on a right-handed drumkit. So he explained that he was never able to do the "roll" down the kit like others do, but what he was able to do instead was this syncopated, staccato style (I don't know what else to call it, but maybe you can get my gist)
Rick, you're an absolute musical genius to me. And I know you've heard your recorded voice. And for you to sing for us... you're an inspiration. Just... heroic. Thank you!
I was 9 yrs old and just getting interested in music when The Beatles arrived. Have loved everything they ever did and still do. Aside from the music one thing I remember the most is how funny they were when being interviewed. Great stuff as always Rick.
I've always noticed how lennon would sing a note that was not on the guitar chord to make it 6 or maj 7 or other extension. He does it on she's leaving home, I am the walrus, yes it is, this boy, goodnight (on a cmaj7 with a flatted fifth!), and countless others. The man had huge ears.
Fantastic interview with Rick Rubin. Then today he’s back to teaching. He shows such enthusiasm for music and teaching. He’s got this wonderful set of videos that are so entertaining yet it’s he’s constantly teaching us.
Flat 7th chord is just genius. I learnt from an analyst video of Moonlight Sonata 1st Movement that in the intro part, Beethoven wrote a D Major while in C# Minor, which equals the E Major flat 7th. They call it a 'Neapolitan Chord'. Genius!
Nobody is better than the Beatles at doing weird notes and making them sound cool and natural. There are plenty of other artists who do weird notes, but they don't generally make them sound as slick as the Beatles do. The Beatles were also great at doing mixolydian without it being cheesy sounding, and they knew how to put just the right amount of bluesyness in there. The best. Great stuff.
I had a Beatles music book from my local mus. store in the mid- late 60s. Enjoying you revisiting these unusual tunes.Used to play & sing these songs. It's making me a little sad as I lost my wife after heart surgery last week. 💔 Cherish your partner.
Rick your breakdown of this song makes me better understand why I've always loved it. The Beatles, the one and only. How could four lads from Liverpool be such geniuses?
No one breaks a song down like you Rick. I remember when this one came out and it has always been one of my favorites, but now after watching your breakdown I appreciate it even more.
Rick, I swear.. the way you bring songs together, take them apart, explain WHY and then enthuse them back together again whilst entwining us all into the chord structure, the melody and the art, I never hear them the same way agin... in a good way.. in the best of ways. God bless ya Sir!
I am so lucky to come from Liverpool, and know the places they sing about, for example Penny Lane or Strawberry Fields where I used to play as an 11 year old child.
the John vocal note d against the b in the Asus2 forms a very consonant m3 interval--not really dissonant. John's use if the bluesey b7 ( Mixolydian ) is funky and the note on the Bm e makes a nice sus against the d (3rd of Bm). Great melodic instincts throughout. That Gmaj7 is a real left turn with the f#---Lydian melody note--c# followed by the g note kinda #9 Blues--genius operating purely by instinct
I have a bundle of favourites from The Beatles including this you have gone through that used to send shivers through me as a young kid … another one I remember from when I was about 9 years old is Michelle …has a special place for me.
I’ve heard this song a million times. I first heard this when I was 11. That was 45 years ago. After watching to your video, I hear this in a whole new way!
Paul plays the lead guitar parts on this! It is apparently his first recorded lead, and was played on his then-new Epiphone Casino. John and George loved the sound so much that they both got one for themselves.
As a vocalist and a bassist, I love the vocal harmonies in this song, and I love how the bass does a lot without really doing much, if that makes sense.
I took piano lesson for ten years. As an adult, my young son learned guitar. When he wanted to learn a song, he’d call & ask me “what chord?” And I’d play it out on piano…he’d then pick it out on guitar. I never knew the Beatles would work it out (ha! See what I did there?) on the piano! Oh…& these sharp songs? I’d always say this song was on a “slant”! I don’t play guitar, but enjoy your videos & learn so much!
Every time I listen to the Moody Blues song "Tuesday Afternoon", the melody where the lyrics are "I'm looking at myself reflections of my mind" reminds me of John's "I think I'm gonna be sad".
Rick, I love these videos. I've always thought Lennon wrote sophisticated songs with fascinating chord sequences thst absolutely defined the early Beatles' sound. The arrangement is great and those drums are phenomenal.
Ringo's drum part was like nothing that had been done before, I remember it well and yet it did strike me as strange but I also realised this would be one of the greatest songs I would ever hear, even to this day. Yes. strange but perfect.
John and Paul often used the Mixolydian (*Norwegian Wood" "She Said" etc.) They knew some music theory, but probably George Martin explained it to them when the New York Times noticed it. Then they did it on purpose, intentionally. It comes naturally from Liverpool sea shanties they grew up with before rock and roll or skiffle came.
@@hw343434 Probably true. John played with scales (Girl) and time signatures and word meter (Good Morning, Happiness is a Warm Gun, Across the Universe). Paul created gorgeous but more conventional melodies.
16:18 as someone who knows a decent amount of theory, I always struggle with how to reply to questions like this because, in my experience, all of the theory that really "stuck" was where I learned a name/label or analytical tool for something I already knew by ear. So, learning the theory helped, but it's not as if I "didn't know" it before in any sense. I think that's a common experience. Something else about the Beatles to keep in mind is that they were trained on the Great American Songbook. I don't think it's possible to have the GAS in your ears and fingers and *not* pick up on some of the songwriting techniques (e.g., secondary dominants, passing diminished chords, deceptive cadences, etc.) even if you don't know the names for it all. I think this is particularly true of functional harmony. Lennon and McCartney might not have known what "tonic," "predominant" and "dominant" meant, but I'm 100% certain that they knew the first, third and sixth chords in any key sounded similar, that the 5th and 7th degrees had a lot of tension, etc. They absolutely knew that, at least implicitly.
Whenever I see new content about the Beatles from Rick, The Professor or Rock and many others on YT I can't wait to watch it, and I will never get tired of it. There's a video out there that explains the weird Ringo drum part, partially stemming from the fact he's left-handed but plays on a right-handed drum kit. Another great submission Rick - thank you.
A John song, mostly. I wonder how much as it seems to be on a sliding scale even from Lennon himself? 25% Paul, Mostly Lennon and very little Paul, 40% Paul (per Paul) lol. I'm just glad we have it. I salute all the wonderful ladies of Hamburg.
Four guys came together, a rare combination of talent, futuristic ideas ,and a bit of magic thrown in. It’s impossible to explain. It was like they were from another planet. How they did all they did in the short time they were together is nothing less than genius. Their impact on music and culture can’t be overstated.
I am not a music theory expert but this is cool. I knew as a 6 yo when I heard Beatle's music it was different and strange in a beautiful way. As I got older I wore out my older sisters Beatles records... Revolver, Sgt Pepper, White.... I am a life long drummer and performed in marching band, stage band (HS) and club bands and gigged while in College. Beatles was my gateway to music.
Apparently Lennon copped most of the feel for that riff from the Jackie Deshannon song "When You Walk In The Room". For a time she was on the bill as the warm up act for the Beatles.
Leo McKern's character in the movie "Help!" consistently referred to The Beatles as Be-AT-les. Be-AT-o on Be-AT-les = perfection. That double-suspended I tend to think of as A11 with no 3rd, and I always think that the chorus starts with a key change. That sixth in the coda reminds me of "In My Life". The song is full of 9ths, 11ths, and even 13ths. It's what makes it so magical. I'm pretty sure that the Beatles knew chord theory, but by sound and not names - I doubt "If I Fell" would have been possible unless they knew something.
I vividly remember hearing this song for the first time. I was about 4 and my sister had just bought the record. We had a big old Motorola tube console and it sounded amazing. I didn't understand what I was hearing. My brother told me it was guitar and I insisted that it was something other than a guitar that I was hearing. I need to hear it on vinyl through a tube stereo again someday! Keep doing what you're doing! Awesome!
The iconic sound is a 12-string Rickenbacker guitar picked arppegio in the intro, by George Harrison. The Beatles were always searching for new sound(s). You may hear George playing a similar arpeggiated picking on his own song, "Here Comes The Sun", recorded with The Beatles.
I remember when I first heard ticket to ride. I thought it was the most brilliant song ever. So unique and original! I was 13! Later, I heard John say he loved the song, too
the Beatles music had chords and shapes never heard of for guitar players in AMERICA. THE songbooks were virtually useless if you could find them very few bands could play BEATLE songs correctly. in the age of youtube videos I have to own my shortcomings understanding the little complexities. availabl3e
Rick, your knowledge of music and guitar is amazing. The fact that you make a living with it is a testament to your talent and creativity. Keep it up, your an inspiration to musicians everywhere
This is simply called the mixed mode technique. You can have a song that's fundamentally in the key of A major but it borrows chords/melody notes from another mode. It is nothing weird, it's been done way before, it's all over music of Cole Porter for ex...it doesn't change the fact that it's pure genius! And it's been conceived without any knowledge of theory, on pure instinct.
Ends Friday, October 11th at midnight:
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Hello Mr Beato !
You're saying that you're going to the UK to interview Tori Amos.
What about interviewing Richie Blackmore one of these days too. He's an absolute legend, he also has his own TH-cam channel.
If it was possible, that would be one greatest interview.
Anyway, have fun, and play loud !
God bless you Sir !
Perfection is Karen Carpenter live in Australia 1972 doing this ditty
Tu o@@eddysgaming9868
Interview subject ideas…
Jon Brion?
Roger Manning Jr. and Tim Smith, Eric Dover? (Jellyfish, etc…)
Brian Kehew, (Moog Cookbook and the Who, Fiona Apple…)
Good stories!
Hi Rick.
No matter how well you explain the Beatles music in 2024, nothing can come anywhere close to listening to a new Beatles song for the very first time on a crappy AM transistor radio back in the early 60's.
I was SO FORTUNATE to have grown up in that era.
Ditto that. Of course as an 11 year old kid I had no idea that I would be looking back these 50 plus years later and say what fun it was to have ‘been there’ when Help first landed on my turntable. This song was my favorite on the record, at the time. Your spot-on as always unpacking of it confirms soo much about why I loved it then and still now as much as ever. 🙏🏼
@@jackdolphy8965 listen to the hellp
Pretend playing drums to this and Honky Tonk Woman with wooden spoons against the couch (my first kit). God the 60's were awesome!!
Right! I may be old, but I got to see all the cool bands! Hahaha!
✌🏼😎👍🏻
I can top that for a crappy radio experience, Norman Greenbaum's "Spirit in the Sky" was almost unlistenable on my transistor--it sounded like nothing but static.
Bring on the Paul McCartney interview. And Jeff Lynne while you're at it. Great content Rick!
I want to like this comment twice. 🫢
What a dream either of those would be!
Either of those interviews would break the internet.
John Fogerty would be another good choice and he seems like someone who would do it.
Wish they all would because while they are all old, they are still mentally sharp.
Imagine if we had Beethoven on video breaking down his songs. This type of content needs to be made for future generations before it's too late.
Rick,
I'm a music therapist in the Atlanta area. My colleagues and I love all your content, but we particularly Love when you talk about The Beatles!
Music therapist? My musical word…
Every time somebody asks me....
"What's your FAVORITE Beatles Song?!
I reply - "Hey! - That's not FAIR!!! - How do you pick just ONE?!"
(However?! - the restored video version of Strawberry Fields?!
Always give me a particularly warm and fuzzy feeling!! 🙂)
The Beatles are the only band ..that you could ask 30 different people to name your favourite Beatles song and you get 30 different answers
@@PalidicoVermingagurania❤
@@judsonleach5248Is that a real job?
When I was a child and a teen, all I knew was that I loved The Beatles. As an old lady, I'm learning how they were pure genius. I appreciate them more than ever!
George Martin was probably the "pure genius".
It is as though Mozart, Bach, and Beethoven, all incarnated into one little band. I like what David Gilmour said about the Beatles “they are not just a great band. They are a bloody miracle.
@@Paul-ot9fe you’re not gonna get any support on that one. What songs did he write? We all know his contributions. None of the other bands, he produced came anywhere near Beatle quality. And, finally ,all of them had successful solo careers without him.
@@potterwalker4823 Actually, Paul just got a like and support from me on that...
@@potterwalker4823 Impessionable people. A legend has grown up about George Martin that is not warranted. You are correct in my pinion.
I love Ringo’s drums on this
I'm surprised RIck didn't mention them. LOVE Ringo on this - he had his own unique style that REALLY complimented the materiel.
The pattern on the verses is actually something Paul came up with. Ringo plays it perfectly, as usual. Paul was a good drummer in his own right (as he showed on the album Band on the Run).
Yes 1000%
@@61moonshinePaul really isn't a very good drummer unless he's in a studio with the ability to overdub as on "Band On The Run".
Unless you think it was all done live.😁
@@61moonshine Yes, Ringo couldn't find the right beat/groove for the verse (possibly the only time this happened) so Paul came up with it.
They simply were magical. I was always fascinated how they perfectly blended their lyrics to the music so flawlessly.
Fascinating considering they never wrote their iwn music. They were a creation of the tavistock institute. Truth is they had very little talent. Watch Mike Williams sage of quay.
@@paul756uk2the fascination starts and never ends. Fair weather and long sunsets y'all....
@@paul756uk2 Please supply some proof or link to support this strange comment.
I really hope they leave this video alone, it's such a joy seeing Rick doing the Beatles
Doing the Beatles??
When the Beatles music is slowed down and analysed their brilliance really shines through. And also it shows how far ahead they were of everyone else at the time.
A lot of The Beatles songs were strange and perfect. Amd that's why they'll be remembered forever.
This is one of the greatest pop songs ever written. Revolutionary and beautiful.
Yes Lennon created a brilliant tune for sure.
id go on to say LENNON/ McCARTNEY seem to be the greatest composers of the 20th century with an extensive high quality catalogue. SO prolific and performing their songs expertly.
YES. The middle period is my favorite era of the Beatles.
@@telliott something about that 2nd wave of hit tracks. The best era if you were there. The public really connected with how the music evolved and the personalities of the BEATLE MEMBERS were becoming more well known. I certainly was blown away by those records.R.I.P. JOHN LENNON & GEORGE HARRISON.
George Martin and his team of studio musicians really nailed it! And the Beatles looked great in their photos.
I just love watching you get so thrilled over the brilliance of the Beatles. It is so entertaining... So fun! I'm right there with you, man. Thanks!
Rick Beato and @davidbennettpiano (another Beatles obsessive and music TH-camr) together would be quite something.
The fact that people still argue over the Beatles shows how relevant they are. ❤
The Lennon & McCartney harmonies are always amazing.
can you "hear" me now? These are the Sounds of Silence
Then the sign flashed out its WAR ning
With the words that it was FOR ME ng
Ah yes, “The Sound of Silence” by Lennon & McCartney. Their harmonies are unmatched on that song.
@@doesntLookDruish Simon and Garfunkel, not The Beatles.
@@DavidJadunath 🤦🏼♂️
The Beatles knew music theory. They just didn't have the vocabulary to talk about it. But learning hundreds of covers and playing them for hours every night in Hamburg taught them all sorts of tricks and common moves. So yeah, they might not have known what a Picardy Third is, but you can hear it in a dozen of their songs. It's clear they'd absorbed how it was used in songs they admired and brought it into their own music. Same with augmented chords, diminished chords, borrowed chords, secondary dominants, voice leading, etc.
the average musician cant do this lol
It’s Paul playing Lead on this. George played the 12 string on the opening and John played rhythm
George loved diminished chords.
Beato is correct. The Beatles litsened, and most importantly, borrowed, and incorporated.
They knew music theory but not from studying it, from pure musical talent, trying things, being open to hearing what others had done in some of their songs, and bouncing ideas off each other and seeing what sounded cool and what worked. For musical geniuses they didn't need to be taught everything it just came to them because they knew their instruments and where they didn't they learnt from each other. That very rarely happens and to have all members of a band do this is even rarer, once or twice in a lifetime kinda stuff.
THANK YOU, RICK! The Beatles had MAGIC. I can't imagine there will EVER be another even close to their musical greatness (and social impact).
Except there have been. Many. The Beatles are awesome but come on man lol
@@rogerpbsmusic Many, but they didn't make the impact The Beatles did and still do.
I'm from Buenos Aires. Paul is playing 30 blocks away from my house right now.
It was fantastic! epic!
I was watching that he was in pretty good form and did Now and Then too
Did he mention Rick during the concert? 😆
Yo fui estuvo epico
@@PPCAPOGAMING Sana envidia. Me hubiese gustado ir.
Try as you may, you can't explain genius, it's a gift.
You can, the trick is actually recognizing it for what it is.
My favourite tune from The Beatles. It manages to do that thing where it sounds both sad and happy at the same time.
SAME! Like "Help!", there are moments in the Beatles songs that are heartbreaskingly sad. LOVE THEM.
I think that's why I don't like the blues, old country, or old rap as much (i do, don't get me wrong); but there's just something about a happy sounding sad song lol. It's the juxtaposition of it all and it can go either way.
The music can defy the dark lyrics or put an ever darker twist on the message by being oblivious.
Their speciality. The night before is also like that. Ambiguity. Thats the quality.
Brandenburg Concerto Nr 3.
I think that might be related to their often doing what Rick talks about -- having the melody contain notes that aren't actually in the chords below it. That's always really special when you can do a natural-sounding melody that's not comprised only of the chord notes, but of notes outside the chords.
@@artisans8521a sweet sadness. Like memories of youth.
The concert on the roof showed what a great little band they were. Tight and raw.
That's because they'd been playing together for a dozen years! Watch the Get Back movies to see how they were so intuitive.
They did their apprenticeship...those years in Germany.hours and hours.
The Beatles are so good, in so many ways, that it is almost impossible that it happened.
That's because it didn't. A creation of the tavistock institute to bring about social change, they didn't write their own music. Just listen to everything they supposedly wrote. Theres no commonality, no trademarks. It all sounds like it was written by different people, which it was. Watch Mike Williams sage of quay. Nothing is what it seems.
The stars were aligned. The just had more "musical firepower" than anyone other band.
@@paul756uk2what ?? 😮😵💫🤔
@@cyeamaculture8486 once you escape normie world, you'll understand that virtually everything you've been told is a lie. Watch the videos and keep an open mind.
I grew up with the Beatles ( I'm 74 ) and for me 'strangely perfect' sums up just about every thing they've created - l might just tack
'and wonderful too' on the end of that...
10 years past it then?
Rick i love it when you talk about the Beatles. You always have enthusiasm when talking about music but you get that extra sparkle in your eye when talking about them. I love it. As for the song, i have literally been listening to it since it came out in 1965 when i was 5 years old. Obviously i love it but i never realized how complex it is until now. Ringo's drumming has aways shone through on it but as for the rest ... wow...they were masters at coming out with ear catching things, seemingly without even having to think about it. Marvelous!
They spent 2 years in Hamburg, playing all evening every day and practicing the rest of the time. That's how they built up so much (more!) skill and knowledge
And they had God given talent Creed and Bon Jovi would still suck even if they spent 10 years playing day and night in Hamburg.
Lewisohn's book estimates it at about 8000 hrs of playing in Hamburg. Rick's estimate that they learned 1000 songs by ear is probably right. So basically, they were consummate players and had absorbed just everything to do with pop music. By the time they were writing their own early stuff, they were almost like what they say AI is supposed be. They soaked up everything available and built it into something new.
Then another miracle happened, they began evolving faster and faster. That 6-7 years from "Love Me Do" to "The End" is the most amazing era in pop music
@@ctmdoh6542creed and bon jovi just caught a random shot.
Bon Jovi😂😂😂😂 Creed😂😂😂😂😂
And it was VISCERAL. It became intuitive -- nothing "rational" about.
What must George Martin have thought as this thing took shape before his ears?
It's a quirky classic Beatles song now. But in 1965? Wild!
The answer is revealed in the Get Back film when working on the song, Get Back.
Paul explains to George that certain chords go in and out of fashion, which is an important fact for a young writer to be aware of and also be articulate enough to express.
They were hyper forward thinking in their tonal sensibilities.
The times required harmonic language that broke the same rules that were being broken socially, spiritually, politically etc.
Ticket To Ride amongst so many of their other songs seek that harmonic feeling that anything is possible.
WW2 had only ended 20 years prior to this song being written.
'We can work it out' is another perfect Beatles song.
Yes, incredible song. The perfect balance between John and Paul as writers.
@@richardfairlamb9728 and it confirms to me why I prefer John in general, besides the mood of his part being better, the lyrics are better.
@@richardfairlamb9728 Sure but it was George's idea to put the timing in 3/4. He didn't get credited for it unfortunately.
@@johnmc3862 The "timing" of a couple bars. Paul has publicly given him credit for the contribution. Didn't necessarily deserve a songwriting credit. It's only part of the arrangement.
@@Bidjje It's a part of the arrangement but a very important part in this song in fairness. He still should have got something, like a percentage royalty IMHO.
Paul told a story once that when they first started recording with George Martin, Martin would stop them sometimes and ask them why they were playing certain things. They'd tell him it was because that was the sound they wanted. Martin would insist that it was technically incorrect, but The Beatles would tell him that it was the way they wrote the song, and that's what they wanted on the record. Looks like they were right.
That's an interesting story and I believe it. I think the Beatles just learned guitar chords and started writing songs using the chords they knew without any understanding of music theory at all. But, that's the beauty of their style. True unbridled artists!
Agree. I've always felt Martin rec'd too much credit. He was a very good sounding board for ID'ing what instrument would give "them" the sound they wanted to get, but without The Beatles, we probably would not be talking about George Martin today, but without Martin, we definitely WOULD BE talking about The Beatles.
The guitar opening of "Baby's In Black" was a standout example of Martin asking the boys "are you SURE you want it to sound like that??"
Martin enjoyed country music too.
@@michaelorenstein9165allowing them to have certain things on their songs like that G6 chord in She Loves You or that feedback in I Feel Fine, helping with the structure of songs, giving some pointers for the new arrangement of Please Please Me....that's all George Martin.
We're STILL talking about the Beatles because of the band AND their producer.
They were a perfect match.
The Beatles with a different producer would be a mere shadow (nevermind Let It Be, the band had been the biggest band ever for years at that time), George Martin with a differebt band wouldn't have been as big either.
Lennon’s voice during this period of recordings is incomparable to anything ever recorded…ever
it had a raspy midrange bite like a fine tube amp will overdrive harmonically
Nothing like Lennon’s tone ever
Loved John's voice in the harmonies
In the bridge of "We Can Work It Out"...he wrote that section. A little bite in his voice that worked so well with Paul's high harmonies.
So Liverpool call it whatever these pre 1967 vocals are energetic full of musical surprises . VERY pleasing quite british and at the time made the BEATLES sound so loved by everybody young and old.
His voice sounded like it had a 'soul' effect on it. Unmatched to this day.
I remember how exciting it was when the Beatles released a single - always a unique adventure.
PLUS writing songs for a myriad of other artists at the same time,where the hell did they find all that time,prolific is not a strong enough description AND they were touring + TV guest appearances,interviews,avoiding the hoardes and papperazzi,autograph signings,contractual commitments etc,etc.domestic life must have seemed a far off dream at the time.
Ticket to ride is great but oh my god that dear prudence intro is sooo goddamn beautiful, i love it so much ❤
The outro is incredible too.
@@armondtanz indeed my friend
So glad to see this comment….Dear Prudence is my favorite Beatles song
Agree, Ticket to Ride is a perfect song.
The Rickenbacker 12-string makes this song. It’s so complex yet sounds so simple. George was my favorite, but most of my favorite songs are by John.
Good music doesn’t get old.
Rick the coolest thing about this video is you are having as much fun as I am.
You're the best man!!
Far and away my favorite band and have been for 50+ years.... When I got a car at age 15, I road around all summer just listening to the Beatles. They were the only band I played....
I started buying the albums for myself when I was about 10 in the order they came out. My musician friend from the 60s was who knows all the chords and I have never seen him use a Cabo was asked if he could read music. He said not enough to hurt my playing. Love to hear him play.
I pay for SirusXM satellite radio just so I can listen to endless commercial free Beatles while driving. But they also do interviews and other Beatles related stuff. Amazing after like 60 years they are still so intriguing and popular.
Beatles remain one of the best groups to this day. So good! ❤
As today's music dumbs down more and more, yesterdays music becomes more and more phenomenal...especially the Beatles.
"One of"?? I can't think of any artist who even comes CLOSE to the musical greatness and genius of the Beatles.
@@emanuelmota7217 The Beatles are best but The Doors are not that shabby,either. The Beatles also win for sheer amount of output as well. The Mamas and The Paps had some great harmonies as well so a few are close but no cigar.
I heard these songs when they first came out... have loved them all these years without knowing any music theory. Your enthusiasm for analyzing the genius of the Beatles brings me great joy!
How powerful are the emotions we feel when those melody notes are played against those chords with those words that tell the story. Yes powerful, and that is why we are still in love with their music all of these years later. Thank you for sharing your insights Rick.
This is exactly what it was like to go to class at Berklee College of Music in 1987 for harmony and theory or arranging even ear training! And. Everyone there could do it and understand it except for me and now I’m a pro musician and they do other things!!😂 ❤ 🎸
Congratulations you went there at the right time. When I was there in the 70's, Beatles and pop music was given a cold shoulder and frowned upon, thus I really lost interest in the curriculum and dropped out.
@@brucetowell3432
I didn’t drop out it’s just that the cost of tuition went up so high that I couldn’t afford to continue. However, I have quartet and play gigs and sometimes I actually sound good 👍! 😎🎸
I had many friends go to Berklee and I was so jealous!! But none of them make music and I play and write everyday. 😊
“I Should Have Known Better” is also another. Incredible
It's great to see you analysing one of their earlier songs: it's not just their late stuff that was musically sophisticated and Ringo's drumming really drives this song along.
Thanks for doing a Beatles thing Rick. They are my fav band. And always have been.
Same here!
Watching The Beatles record and play is like watching real magic. Rick Beato is music teacher to the world!
John was a story teller in his songs and that makes his songs unique.
Explaining the music theory behind a note choice - a #11 in this case - for the emotional impact it makes, is what makes studying music theory so worthwhile!
Great,Rick.....At 73,I studied with the best on drums, but Ringo was the reason I started playing drums.We learn from each other, and I learned a ton from Ringo in my years playing and teaching....I love your stuff....Keep on going.Ticket to Ride is a difficult drum part to play correctly...Most don't.
I'm 62 and learn to play drums at the age of 14. I played mainly Rock from the 70s at the time, but my lead guitarist wanted to start a Beatles tribute band (which we all loved).
So, I studied Ringo's playing from 62 thru 66 Revolver. The reason I didn't go on and learn the rest of the albums after 66, is because Ringo's drumming became harder to duplicate "Note of Note" drumming playing because of his unusual playing.
It would have just taken hours and hours of listening and playing these fills. So, I ended up just playing easy versions with keeping time instead...lol
@@artguti1551 I saw a fairly recent interview with Ringo that gave a lot of insight into his unique playing. He's left-handed, but played on a right-handed drumkit. So he explained that he was never able to do the "roll" down the kit like others do, but what he was able to do instead was this syncopated, staccato style (I don't know what else to call it, but maybe you can get my gist)
My favorite underappreciated Beatles song: "Hey Bulldog" only wish it was longer.
It's just so badass! Everything about it.
I love this song too. The thing about a great short song is that you always want to hear it again
The Fanny live cover is also great.
Awesome song
Rick, you're an absolute musical genius to me. And I know you've heard your recorded voice. And for you to sing for us... you're an inspiration. Just... heroic. Thank you!
6:51 "I think I'm gonna be mad" :)
I was 9 yrs old and just getting interested in music when The Beatles arrived. Have loved everything they ever did and still do. Aside from the music one thing I remember the most is how funny they were when being interviewed. Great stuff as always Rick.
I've always noticed how lennon would sing a note that was not on the guitar chord to make it 6 or maj 7 or other extension. He does it on she's leaving home, I am the walrus, yes it is, this boy, goodnight (on a cmaj7 with a flatted fifth!), and countless others. The man had huge ears.
Also In My Life
Fantastic interview with Rick Rubin. Then today he’s back to teaching. He shows such enthusiasm for music and teaching. He’s got this wonderful set of videos that are so entertaining yet it’s he’s constantly teaching us.
I think a lot of us, your followers, do want an interview with Paul & Ringo, Rick. Hope its in your list.
What do you ask them that's never been asked?
Flat 7th chord is just genius. I learnt from an analyst video of Moonlight Sonata 1st Movement that in the intro part, Beethoven wrote a D Major while in C# Minor, which equals the E Major flat 7th. They call it a 'Neapolitan Chord'. Genius!
This Beatles band.... they are pretty good!
They just might make a name for themselves 😊
The more I hear about these Beatles the more I like them.
They have promise😁
I heard they got rid of the sax player "Clarence", he's still pretty pissed off about it, after teaching them all how to use an afro comb
Nobody is better than the Beatles at doing weird notes and making them sound cool and natural. There are plenty of other artists who do weird notes, but they don't generally make them sound as slick as the Beatles do. The Beatles were also great at doing mixolydian without it being cheesy sounding, and they knew how to put just the right amount of bluesyness in there. The best. Great stuff.
@Nobddy Of course!! He's one of my all time favs! And heavily influenced by the Beatles 😃
We did this song often in the seventies in a bar band called Black River in Ontario. IT always went over big time.
One of the first Beatles songs I learned to play was _In My Life_ I still love the song.
That also has sung notes that are not in the chords being played. Brilliant!
Rick is really jubilant and excited to do this and pull it off !! And I'm all for it..go Rick !!
In a benevolent alternate universe, we would surely get The John Lennon Interview.
I wonder if time would have softened John's view of the Beatles songs. He was pretty harsh in the 70s
@@AllofJudeaHe was his own worst critic!
Beatles are The greatest of all time, and it’s not close.
I had a Beatles music book from my local mus. store in the mid- late 60s. Enjoying you revisiting these unusual tunes.Used to play & sing these songs. It's making me a little sad as I lost my wife after heart surgery last week. 💔 Cherish your partner.
Sorry for your loss. 😢
Sorry for your loss!
@@danbardos3498Thanks
@@danbardos3498Thanks
Rick your breakdown of this song makes me better understand why I've always loved it. The Beatles, the one and only. How could four lads from Liverpool be such geniuses?
No one breaks a song down like you Rick. I remember when this one came out and it has always been one of my favorites, but now after watching your breakdown I appreciate it even more.
Rick, I swear.. the way you bring songs together, take them apart, explain WHY and then enthuse them back together again whilst entwining us all into the chord structure, the melody and the art, I never hear them the same way agin... in a good way.. in the best of ways.
God bless ya Sir!
I love the Lucy In the Sky connection! I hear that same scale in Within You Without You.
I am so lucky to come from Liverpool, and know the places they sing about, for example Penny Lane or Strawberry Fields where I used to play as an 11 year old child.
Darn right you are lucky!
I'd like to see an analysis of "Junk" by Paul. Some beautiful/interesting chords and harmonies
your geekdom for Beatles is appreciated, thank you Rick for going through this song. So many overlooked phenomenal songs to explore
the John vocal note d against the b in the Asus2 forms a very consonant m3 interval--not really dissonant. John's use if the bluesey b7 ( Mixolydian ) is funky and the note on the Bm e makes a nice sus against the d (3rd of Bm). Great melodic instincts throughout. That Gmaj7 is a real left turn with the f#---Lydian melody note--c# followed by the g note kinda #9 Blues--genius operating purely by instinct
Oh, that’s why I like that song.
I have a bundle of favourites from The Beatles including this you have gone through that used to send shivers through me as a young kid … another one I remember from when I was about 9 years old is Michelle …has a special place for me.
I’ve heard this song a million times. I first heard this when I was 11. That was 45 years ago.
After watching to your video, I hear this in a whole new way!
“Let me talk about the bridge before we digress here”, love the digression, love the song, Fab4Forever
Paul plays the lead guitar parts on this! It is apparently his first recorded lead, and was played on his then-new Epiphone Casino. John and George loved the sound so much that they both got one for themselves.
For the Help album, Paul also played lead guitar on The Night Before and Another Girl
As a vocalist and a bassist, I love the vocal harmonies in this song, and I love how the bass does a lot without really doing much, if that makes sense.
I took piano lesson for ten years. As an adult, my young son learned guitar. When he wanted to learn a song, he’d call & ask me “what chord?” And I’d play it out on piano…he’d then pick it out on guitar. I never knew the Beatles would work it out (ha! See what I did there?) on the piano! Oh…& these sharp songs? I’d always say this song was on a “slant”! I don’t play guitar, but enjoy your videos & learn so much!
One of Ringo's best!
Every time I listen to the Moody Blues song "Tuesday Afternoon", the melody where the lyrics are "I'm looking at myself reflections of my mind" reminds me of John's "I think I'm gonna be sad".
I can see (hear) that. Another great band. I don't recall Rick covering any of their songs
@fontagnus: And that's another very great voice there with the Moodies - Justin Hayward.
Rick, I love these videos. I've always thought Lennon wrote sophisticated songs with fascinating chord sequences thst absolutely defined the early Beatles' sound. The arrangement is great and those drums are phenomenal.
Ringo's drum part was like nothing that had been done before, I remember it well and yet it did strike me as strange but I also realised this would be one of the greatest songs I would ever hear, even to this day. Yes. strange but perfect.
John and Paul often used the Mixolydian (*Norwegian Wood" "She Said" etc.) They knew some music theory, but probably George Martin explained it to them when the New York Times noticed it. Then they did it on purpose, intentionally. It comes naturally from Liverpool sea shanties they grew up with before rock and roll or skiffle came.
John not Paul. John used it. Both of those songs are John’s melodies. He was a specialist at unique melodies. Paul was usually more conventional
@@hw343434 Probably true. John played with scales (Girl) and time signatures and word meter (Good Morning, Happiness is a Warm Gun, Across the Universe). Paul created gorgeous but more conventional melodies.
Both are John's songs.
Love your excitement, enthusiasm, Rick!...Like you're hearing the song for the first time!
16:18 as someone who knows a decent amount of theory, I always struggle with how to reply to questions like this because, in my experience, all of the theory that really "stuck" was where I learned a name/label or analytical tool for something I already knew by ear. So, learning the theory helped, but it's not as if I "didn't know" it before in any sense. I think that's a common experience. Something else about the Beatles to keep in mind is that they were trained on the Great American Songbook. I don't think it's possible to have the GAS in your ears and fingers and *not* pick up on some of the songwriting techniques (e.g., secondary dominants, passing diminished chords, deceptive cadences, etc.) even if you don't know the names for it all. I think this is particularly true of functional harmony. Lennon and McCartney might not have known what "tonic," "predominant" and "dominant" meant, but I'm 100% certain that they knew the first, third and sixth chords in any key sounded similar, that the 5th and 7th degrees had a lot of tension, etc. They absolutely knew that, at least implicitly.
Whenever I see new content about the Beatles from Rick, The Professor or Rock and many others on YT I can't wait to watch it, and I will never get tired of it. There's a video out there that explains the weird Ringo drum part, partially stemming from the fact he's left-handed but plays on a right-handed drum kit. Another great submission Rick - thank you.
A John song, mostly. I wonder how much as it seems to be on a sliding scale even from Lennon himself? 25% Paul, Mostly Lennon and very little Paul, 40% Paul (per Paul) lol. I'm just glad we have it. I salute all the wonderful ladies of Hamburg.
According to Paul his songs are his and John's songs are John's AND His.
Certainly John's not going to argue with him about it. Lol
Four guys came together, a rare combination of talent, futuristic ideas ,and a bit of magic thrown in. It’s impossible to explain. It was like they were from another planet. How they did all they did in the short time they were together is nothing less than genius. Their impact on music and culture can’t be overstated.
Just love your videos Rick, The Fabs are iconic forever… You are so talented man, greetings from Liverpool, England ❤️❤️😎
Hello Rick have you ever done a special on Bert Jansch, or Jackson Frank, I used to live near Buffalo NY 5:19 in Ontario,
I am not a music theory expert but this is cool. I knew as a 6 yo when I heard Beatle's music it was different and strange in a beautiful way. As I got older I wore out my older sisters Beatles records... Revolver, Sgt Pepper, White.... I am a life long drummer and performed in marching band, stage band (HS) and club bands and gigged while in College. Beatles was my gateway to music.
Apparently Lennon copped most of the feel for that riff from the Jackie Deshannon song "When You Walk In The Room". For a time she was on the bill as the warm up act for the Beatles.
This song is in my regular playlist. I will now be listening to it with different ears.
Leo McKern's character in the movie "Help!" consistently referred to The Beatles as Be-AT-les. Be-AT-o on Be-AT-les = perfection. That double-suspended I tend to think of as A11 with no 3rd, and I always think that the chorus starts with a key change. That sixth in the coda reminds me of "In My Life". The song is full of 9ths, 11ths, and even 13ths. It's what makes it so magical. I'm pretty sure that the Beatles knew chord theory, but by sound and not names - I doubt "If I Fell" would have been possible unless they knew something.
John is just being bluesy ...With that 60's slight eastern influence. Almost "over analyzing" Rick..... It was magic... They were just naturals...
I vividly remember hearing this song for the first time. I was about 4 and my sister had just bought the record. We had a big old Motorola tube console and it sounded amazing. I didn't understand what I was hearing. My brother told me it was guitar and I insisted that it was something other than a guitar that I was hearing. I need to hear it on vinyl through a tube stereo again someday! Keep doing what you're doing! Awesome!
The iconic sound is a 12-string Rickenbacker guitar picked arppegio in the intro, by George Harrison. The Beatles were always searching for new sound(s). You may hear George playing a similar arpeggiated picking on his own song, "Here Comes The Sun", recorded with The Beatles.
Yes a great Beatles song that has some unique musical qualities. Good call Rick!
I remember when I first heard ticket to ride. I thought it was the most brilliant song ever. So unique and original! I was 13! Later, I heard John say he loved the song, too
Amazing analysis! I remember spending hours in my bedroom during high school practicing this song. It is a pleasure to the ears.
the Beatles music had chords and shapes never heard of for guitar players in AMERICA. THE songbooks were virtually useless if you could find them very few bands could play BEATLE songs correctly. in the age of youtube videos I have to own my shortcomings understanding the little complexities.
availabl3e
Rick, your knowledge of music and guitar is amazing. The fact that you make a living with it is a testament to your talent and creativity. Keep it up, your an inspiration to musicians everywhere
This is simply called the mixed mode technique. You can have a song that's fundamentally in the key of A major but it borrows chords/melody notes from another mode. It is nothing weird, it's been done way before, it's all over music of Cole Porter for ex...it doesn't change the fact that it's pure genius! And it's been conceived without any knowledge of theory, on pure instinct.