傑·文化-北京及承德遊10:首博元代陶瓷Kit.Culture-Visit to Beijing & Chengde 10: Yuan Dynasty Ceramics, Capital Museum

到中國北京遊覽，我每次一定會到首都博物館(簡稱首博)參觀，因為館內設有詳細介紹北京千多年前從遊牧民族聚落發展成為金、元、明及清朝國都以至新中國首都的歷史進程專題展覽，特別是以元大都遺址出土文物包括陶瓷器最為吸引。其中有三件展品為首博珍藏的精品:
1. 影青釉白瓷水月觀音像
2. 青花鳳首扁壼
3. 青白瓷雕戲曲人物枕
"古都北京·歷史文化篇”展覽是以深厚的北京文化為主線，以時代演進為順序，展現了北京從原始聚落到形成城市，從北中國的政治中心躍升為統一的多民族封建國家的都城、人民共和國首都的歷史進程。“古都北京·歷史文化篇"與“古都北京·城建篇”共同構成了首博的基本陳列，是首博展覽的靈魂。
首博位於北京市西城區復興門外大街16號，是以集收藏、展覽、研究、考古、公共教育、文化交流於一體的博物館，佔地面積24,800平方米，總建築面積63,390平方米，分地下二層，地上五層，是北京地區大型綜合性博物館，屬中國省市級綜合性博物館。
2006年5月18日，位於現址的首都博物館新館正式開館，館內文物類型有青銅器、陶瓷器、佛造像等。截至2019年末，首都博物館館內藏品達124,808件/套，其中珍貴文物達63,170件/套。2008年2月，首都博物館被評為國家一級博物館。
2024年2月，首博經過超過1年閉館重新佈展後煥新亮相，經過改造提升後，首博的基本陳列以該館歷年的收藏品和北京地區新出土的文物等為基礎，吸收歷史、考古以及相關學科的最新研究成果，借鑒海內外博物館的有益經驗，旨在向廣大民眾更好地展示豐富多姿的北京歷史文化底蘊。
中國瓷器的發明對世界文明發展和提升人類生活質素有莫大貢獻，而中國瓷器工藝在元朝有非常重要的發展，可以說是中國陶瓷史發展的轉折點。這個時候傳統窯址的生產並沒有完全停頓，但產品質量較粗獷。這時候比較重要的是景德鎮的崛起。景德鎮這時候燒製成功新的品種的瓷器、青花，成為後來明清的主要瓷器品種。因而完全改變了中國瓷器的生產面貌，具有劃時代的意義。這個時候由於外銷需求的增加，生產規模普遍擴大，大型器物增多，燒造技術更加成熟。所以，不論是存世或出土的元代陶瓷器都是研究這時期陶瓷工藝技術的珍貴實物。
來源: 百度百科
Whenever I travel to Beijing, China, I will definitely visit the Capital Museum (Shoubo for short) because the museum has a detailed introduction to the development of Beijing from a nomadic settlement more than a thousand years ago to the capital of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and even the capital of New China. The special exhibition on the historical process is particularly attractive with the cultural relics unearthed from the Dadu site in the Yuan Dynasty, including ceramics. Three of the exhibits are exquisite pieces collected by the Museum:
1. Shadow celadon white porcelain statue of Shuiyue Guanyin
2. Blue and white phoenix head flat wine jar with handle
3. Blue and white porcelain opera character pillow
The "Ancient Capital Beijing·History and Culture" exhibition takes the profound Beijing culture as the main line and the evolution of the times as the sequence, showing Beijing's transformation from a primitive settlement to a city, and from the political center of northern China to the capital of a unified multi-ethnic feudal country. , the historical process of the capital of the People's Republic of China. "Ancient Capital Beijing·History and Culture" and "Ancient Capital Beijing·Urban Construction" together constitute the basic display of the First Expo and are the soul of the First Expo exhibition.
The first museum is located at No. 16 Fuxingmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing. It is a museum integrating collection, exhibition, research, archeology, public education, and cultural exchange. It covers an area of ​​24,800 square meters and has a total construction area of ​​63,390 square meters. With two floors underground and five floors above ground, it is a large comprehensive museum in Beijing and a provincial and municipal comprehensive museum in China.
On May 18, 2006, the new Capital Museum at the current site was officially opened. The types of cultural relics in the museum include bronzes, ceramics, Buddhist statues, etc. As of the end of 2019, the Capital Museum's collection reached 124,808 pieces/set, including 63,170 precious cultural relics/set. In February 2008, the Capital Museum was rated as a national first-class museum.
In February 2024, the First Expo will be re-opened after being closed for more than a year and reorganized. After renovation and improvement, the basic display of the First Expo is based on the museum’s collections over the years and newly unearthed cultural relics in Beijing, absorbing history The latest research results in , archeology and related disciplines, and drawing on the useful experience of museums at home and abroad, aim to better display the rich and colorful historical and cultural heritage of Beijing to the general public.
The invention of Chinese porcelain made a great contribution to the development of world civilization and the improvement of the quality of human life. Chinese porcelain craftsmanship had a very important development in the Yuan Dynasty, which can be said to be a turning point in the development of Chinese ceramic history. At this time, production at traditional kilns did not completely stop, but the quality of the products was rough. What is more important at this time is the rise of Jingdezhen. At this time, Jingdezhen successfully fired new varieties of porcelain, blue and white, which became the main porcelain varieties in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Therefore, it completely changed the production face of Chinese porcelain, which is of epoch-making significance. At this time, due to the increase in export demand, the scale of production generally expanded, the number of large utensils increased, and the firing technology became more mature. Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty ceramics, whether existing or unearthed, are precious objects for studying the ceramic craftsmanship of this period.
Source: Baidu Encyclopedia

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Thanks for sharing your beautiful video. Happy Double Ninth Festival!!