The Year-Long Twin Astronauts Experiment
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 ก.พ. 2015
- Astronauts Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko will soon undertake a historic, record-breaking mission: to live in space for an entire year. And scientists will have some extra help studying the effects of this extended stay on the astronauts -- Kelly’s twin brother Mark!
Hosted by Reid Reimers
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Sources:
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sta...
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sta...
ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/cas...
www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-sele...
www.space.com/25392-manned-mar...
www.space.com/26903-astronaut-...
www.space.com/13500-mock-mars-...
www.space.com/28056-year-long-...
www.thewire.com/national/2014/...
www.thedp.com/article/2014/03/...
weill.cornell.edu/news/news/20...
ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/uc_s...
today-archive.colostate.edu/st...
www.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/sci...
www.cbsnews.com/news/astronaut...
time.com/meet-the-twins-unlock...
Images & Video:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ca...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ca...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_s...
www.nasa.gov/sites/default/fil...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
• Vision Changes in Space
www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imageg...
I swear I thought he was gonna say that the problem with burping in space is that it created thrust hahahhahaha
well urinating is sort of like rocket propulsion then
Artificial gravity seems to me among the absolutely essential life support systems in interstellar travel. It's also a very daunting task, I (and nobody else I think) have no idea how you would make such a thing. You could of course put everyone in a spinning module, like in Elysium or Ender's Game (and many other works I'm sure), but it would be a monstrous construction.
Watch the movie Europa Report, it has a nice depiction of artificial gravity.
All I can imagine now is a small, innocent little burp, turning into a projectile vomiting fit.
I think its important to note the huge sacrifice these two men are making. Some of the damage caused by prolonged space flight is irreparable but in order to make it safer for future generations, Kelly and Kornienko are taking untold risks to their health and safety. Hats off for their courage and willingness to devote themselves to the hopeful progress of space travel.
Will you guys make a series of videos about the results? It's almos been a year =)
Awesome video!
This was great!
As a nurse and a space enthusiast I have always dreamed about nursing opportunities in space. This is the beginning!
I love this channel
Wait, how could someone dislike this?
Some people just dislike stuff for no reason.
because they just can ? I think they don't mean anything
dssdassw That, or maybe there are not just 'click-farms' that like videos but also dislike
They found a video they didn't like, so they disliked, but it's beyond me how someone manages to dislike space. People are weird.
Thulyblu You have a point, they _could_ actually just not like the video, but the dislike came so early in the lifecycle of this video that another likely possibility is that they didn't even finish watching, or didn't even start, before they disliked (much like many of the people who liked this early may have done).
The Time magazine cover of this has been on my Econ teacher's wall for two weeks, and I was really curious about it. Perfect Timing Sci Show!
So awesome :-)
SciShow Space 3:43 I'm less worried about space burps and more worried about space farts.
Aweome experiment
Great news!
this man looks like he could keep me safe
My Psychology Prof. has mentioned this in class before. Pretty cool stuff.
Smooth-voice-bearded-presenter-man is back! Good!
Very excited to see the results especially on epigenetics!
Scott Kelly is awesome he deserves a statue
It's cool to be alive when we're just starting space exploration
I love space
When I was in high school I wrote a research paper proposing a similar experiment and hypothesizing what some of the results might be. I'll have to dig through my old floppy disks and see if I can find it. It might be worth revisiting now.
dude you are THE host of this channel as far as im concerned
I still think they just should make spinning stations. With liquid stabilized centre of mass.
And all 0 G gravity problems will be marginal. No need to make 1G , just 0,5 would make body work much more stable.
That would be possible, but it would make docking many many more times harder. the main problem with it is that it would be hard to move about the station, for if it rotated around it's center, then the close you got to the center of the station, the less "gravity" there would be.
MinecrafterPiano
Not really.
1. Part that rotates is only habitat and some labs. 9/10 of station can be static. You can dock there.
2.Moving up/down arm would be less pleasant , but projecting station in a way , that makes you do as few trips as possible makes it bearable.
I think biggest problem is mass centre.
In 0 g , even few kilograms could make whole station wobble. Only solid ring could negate this problem , but building solid ring of this size is way out of limited space agencies budget :/
So somehow I can understand why they are doing this in harder/cheaper way.
Dysputant
solid ring?
*****
Well you can put modules on cables. Like 2 per side. Or you can make entire ring , that "orbits" around central section of station. With few lines/struts holding it on stable distance.
Dysputant #1, The habitable part of the space station is definitely NOT just 10% of the station (especially by volume). #2, There's not such thing as wobbling if you don't have an axle or predetermined center. #3, If you do have an axle (if you have a non-rotating portion of the station where you can land), you must realize that maintaining pressure in space is EXTREMELY important. How exactly to you plan to make an extremely reliable rotating seal that can hold in air at extremely high pressure differences? Mind you, this seal must last for years of rotating, and is in such a position that it'd be a disaster if it needed repaired (you'd likely have to tear apart the station, removing its dock, and install a new seal [it's not like you can patch a bearing, you must stop its operation and open it up]).
Yay for twins!
i think the space nerds about to come out in me when i say... I'm crazy excited about this haha
oooooohhh the epigenetics study sounds fascinating
ooohhhh exciting! also, under-studied topics: space burps 😉.
You said wonky. I love you.
TWINS RULE! I should know, I am one.
I miss you hanks
I have a solution for your typical space travel problems. 1. Low gravity: easy fix by crating a space station/ship that uses centrifugal force to create artificial gravity. 2.radiation: coat the walls of the ship and or construct them with however many layers of lead so that it is light enough for transport and resistant enough against the toughest radiation
the more i watch this show the more sad i get, i wish i was born 100 years from now.
Sssspppaaaaaaaaaacccceeeee ! - Space Core
This is huge and will help with that asteroid mining mission in the predictable future.
To prevent a space burp mishap, I would make sure I have sufficient room, then just sharply push myself off of something with my feet, and burp as I do so.
Even then, you may mess up the timing. There would only be a very short time of high acceleration. Keep in mind, you can only accelerating when you're in contact with the surface and pushing hard. You'd have to be accelerating close to 1 G. So, imagine hanging upside down in a crouched position, and your feet against a ceiling or other suspended object, now imagine falling, while extending your legs (without pushing on the surface with any significant force). How long could you keep your legs on the stationary surface while falling? Not very long IMO. Not long enough to give comfortable leeway in your burp timing to make it worth potentially breaking something that costs $1,000,000,000 to fix on the other side.
I think I just got a "liquid bonus feature" from that description.
I would love to go to space
A year sounds like a very long time to be in a place that weakens muscles etc... Gonna be a fun trip home.
Ever noticed how the ISS has a treadmill?
The ISS has it's own mini gym area
So Stanford and Berkeley are gonna be working together this time?
lol @ "Liquid Bonus Features"
Cool fact, my dad got his wings in flight school with one of the twins and actually was the others instructor in flight school. So my dad taught this astronaut how to fly :D
Good video. Good research. Science #FTW !
man, that's cool, but I wouldn't want to be them. I can't imagine going through so many tests...
lol astronaut twins? great genes
What the hell happened to the other video. Was just about to watch it in my subscriptions and bam! It's gone.
That guy is really brave. The radiation I don't think will be the biggest concern as a video by Veritasium has shown us, but that microgravity will be rough. After 6 months eye sight is bad, after a year he may be blind. We'll have to wait and see.
People have been in space for over a year before, see:
Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov, Mir EO-3, 365.94 days
Valeri Polyakov, Mir EO-15 and EO-16 and EO-17, 437.75 days
Sergei Avdeyev, Mir EO-26 and EO-27, 379.62 days
Can't wait for humans to do the Lightyear Twin Astronauts Experiment.
What about the twin paradox with relativity? Is a year not long enough to show a significant difference in their ages when the mission is over? I'm just wondering about this because when I first heard about the mission, I thought that this was its main goal.
This is not a record breaker. Valeri Polyakov was up for more than 14 months in space on the Mir Space Station. I'm not saying this isn't an achievement. Like what is stated in the video, they don't normally go up for more than 6 months. However, this is not a record breaker unless they beat Valeri's time.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeri_Polyakov
I do like how they are continuing to research this stuff. It will be another step closer to making space more accessible to the people. I just hope I get the chance to go up myself.
Is it that hard to make a ring-spinning space station?
That would solve all of the "absence of downward pull" related problems.
Will they be feeding the brothers the exact same diet? In experiments every attempt should be made to make all aspects except one exactly the same so we know that any differences seen are the result of that one thing. In this case, space travel. So to get good results, particularly in regards to stomach bacteria it seems to me that both brothers should have the same diet.
Woot! Over 301 club. I'm special. Oh wait...
When he said twins, all I could think of was Avatar. (Is that even still topical anymore?)
1:24 'nearly' identical DNA
2:48 'as many' differences 'as possible'.
Huh, no comments.
How interesting.
What about burping while at the same time launching hard from a wall (with an acceleration of let's say 0.5g's) to keep the liquid down?
Hi Hank, Reid, Caitlin and crew. I noticed recently in another SciShow video as well as in this SciShow Space video that you guys gave shoutouts to my alma mater, Johns Hopkins University. This is not a criticism, but rather just a friendly suggestion to pronounce the "s" in Johns. :) The guy my school is named after really had a first name of "Johns." Intriguing, right?
Well its weird to see a guy with the same surname as mine go to space, Kornienko... probably odd because I never seen anyone besides myself have it till today.
I do want to go to space, but I am not jealous in this case. A whole year? No thank you...
I'd do it in a heartbeat. Anything for science!
Many times, I hear the name of a famous hospital pronounced "John Hopkins." The benefactor of this prestigious institution was named JOHNS Hopkins, and unusual spelling to be sure. However, the correct spelling. Thereby making the name of the institution "Johns Hopkins."
Space burps: Astronaut spins himself along vertical axis and than touches toes. center of mass and now an artificial gravity, is below the stomach. keeps fluids in lower stomach and air rises without "barfing" your meal.
What if you had a bar in the middle of the station and had the astronaut grab it and swing circularly so he can burp?
when do they go?
Gosh I never realized that being in space was so unpleasant and potentially dangerous. O_O
Kinda makes me appreciate gravity a little bit more.
I wonder if a human stayed in space long enough, would their body adapt over time to these changes or would it take a few generations?
wow still 301
Vurps! Yum
If you spend more time in space "upside down" will the fluids be pulled toward your feet? Can you even be upside down in space?
Has there ever been serious talks about placing a space station between Earth and Mars?
We know that the pull of gravity can be simulated with rotation, but I've only ever heard of plans for a ship to Mars that itself rotates for the duration of the trip. What if instead the intermediary station simulates gravity. so that astronauts can prevent accumulating long-term complications during the trip there and back. It could also hold supplies.
TheJaredtheJaredlong how would it sit there, and why would that be better than just having a ship go to mars?
daydodog It wouldn't "sit" there in the motionless sense, it would orbit the sun, just between Earth and Mars. I'm not proposing this as instead of a ship to Mars, I'm proposing this is as a half-way stop on the way to-and-from Mars. There could be a ship that shuttles astronauts from Earth to the station, and then a second shuttle that takes astronauts from the station to Mars. This way each ship would only need to be designed to handle half of the journey to Mars instead of designing a single ship that has to endure and hold enough supplies to independently get to Mars. Also, if there was ever trouble during a Mars mission, support could be sent to help in half the time.
Sure, these are nice experiments and all. Understanding and knowledge are super important. But I think we kinda can agree on that if is ever seriously going to consider long-term space flight. we NEED to create an artificial gravity environment, not to mention some killer radiation shielding.
The rise of Newtypes is coming.
LIVER: shuts down and direct cause of cystic fibrosis.
If the twin is already a retired astronaut, wouldn't that affect the study? He's already been to space so isn't it probable that he's already experienced some epigenetic changes
It would be a lot easier to use cloned mice. They also eat less than astronauts.
Wouldn't Kelly's twin not really work as intended since his twin has already been in space before? Or has he been on earth long enough to have recovered from being an astronaut?
It only takes a couple of weeks to recover from being in space actually. It obviously depends on the person and amount of time they were in space, but he should be good for this
+qKirbyp I think it's a delta - they're trying to measure how different DNA initially is, how different it becomes during the experiment and how different it will be after returning to Earth.
I'm surprised they didn't mention the most obvious effect of sending a twin into orbit for a year: The space twin will age slower than the earth twin due to relativity. They should wear identical watches set for exactly the same time.
there's gotta be a lot of confounding of results since the brother who stays behind has already spent time in space?
Why? Space doesnt affect you for that long.
***** aren't the epigenetic changes to DNA they're going to research permanent?
Melle Beemster Epigenetics, they can change in a lifetime, therefore any epigentic data concerning space could theoretically be all gone
Space burps?... I'm more concerned about space farts...
Thats why we had the odd rotating things in the ship of interstellar the movie. gravity is god force, it is exotic matter
What would happen if someone died on the international space station?
What do you think? They'd come down on the next trip down, which would be scheduled as soon as possible, and then they'd have a normal burial/cremation/whatever.
xinxian kongqi
Forget that ... assuming no suspicious circumstances(limited possibilities obviously) if it was me you could shove me out of the nearest airlock... no one really wants a corpse taking up valuable space in space!
Matt Allen Like there isn't space in space. Then again space is space and nobody wants lack of space
cfltheman
I've always fancied going in a blaze of glory ... or just your straight forward fiery death is fine... who cares ... your dead already! lol
Sam Sav Space is always at a premium ... even in space ... there's enough junk up there without adding unwanted corpses to the mix ... see above for the fiery end suggestion... good push in the right direction should do the trick...
OrcinusDrake
Gravity will do that.
The greatest problem of our time: space burps.
Penn State woo
I'll chime in with a lot of the other commenters:
What's keeping us from building a 2001: A Space Odyssey-type space station that produces artificial gravity from it's rotation?
Wouldn't that solve most (if not all) of the issues mentioned in the video?
That would cost a lot.
Matthew Davis Nothing really, it's just far too costly to send such a structure into orbit at this time. A major part of the science done on the ISS HAS to be done in microgravity as well.
Chris Horry You wouldn't build something like that on the ground.
How come they didn't create the space station as a rotating ring with the rotation set so that the centrifugal force (or lack of centripetal force) matches the 1g felt on earth?
That solves many of the problems of being in space associated with low gravity.
In the words of Mr Clarkson: "How hard can it be?"
I think this is impossible due to the modular makeup of the ISS. Over time more and more moduls have been added, and sometimes they are rearranged. So more recent and different expereiments can be added. For a rotating station you would need to plan this through from the beginning and have no chance to add something later.
But if the other twin is a retired astronaut and has therefore been to space, doesn't that invalidate the "control" subject?
does gravity act upon the body as a whole or does it kind of, pass through us and push down on our insides too?
.... is there gravity under ground?
Kirandeep S.S lmao!
What do you expect when you ask a question so mind numbingly stupid!?
Kirandeep S.S
Well, the thing is, my question answered your question.
It's not my fault that it made you feel intellectually inferior.
Kirandeep S.S
lol, you truly are good for a laugh mate!
It's only record breaking for NASA. Russia's already done that long and more.
Lets just eliminate the possible issues with changes in gravity and just spin the spaceship. This had been a known solution for how long now?
We need rotating living space to simulate gravity by centripetal acceleration.
First we need to figure out how to get stuff into space cheap then we can build something big like an artificial gravity station.
I don't know where I got the idea from but I thought they created artificial gravity by spinning the ISS.
Brings up the question why don't we have a circular space station that we spin to create artificial gravity? I guess the problem is balancing it to stop it spinning out, still seems like a good idea thought.
Because it would require a much larger much greater engineered station and the ISS is already one of the greatest achievements of mankind?
Its probably what they will eventually aim for. It may be possible to build something right now but getting it up there in one piece or assembling it would be a nightmare and probably isnt worth the investment to test.
They don't do that because a spinning station is much more difficult than one that doesn't spin.
Would it be any different if the space station were a spinning donut shape to make artificial gravity?
Need to make it cheaper to get stuff into space so we can build something big like that.
unfortunately, it would be a so extremely difficult and expensive thing to build such a thing in orbit that, for the time being, looking for alternatives through these experiments is better. :/
Developing alternative to combustion to get stuff into space should be our #1 priority.
Zeke Aeloen
This may be the kerbal in me talking, but how about we shoot it up there with a mag cannon?
zymethpwn naah by the time we're done with sending up all of the parts it will be 0.99 and then the mods wouldn't be compatible again. XD
I space burped =(
Wait, his twin is a retired astronaut!? Doesn't that defeat the whole purpose of having him be the control group, meaning someone who hasn't been effected by space...
He might not have even been in space
ICYMI: Mark Kelly is the husband of former Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, who was shot back in 2011.
Thanks, I was wondering about that.
So does this mean the twin that's on earth is going to have to eat like an astronaut for a year?
Probably the same kind of diet, but I wouldn't expect him to eat freeze-dried foods. ;)
Hey, I have an idea, Instead of sending them into space, can't you do all these experiments on people hanging upside down?
No, because there's still the 1 G that's present, it's just in the other direction.
And hanging people upside down for a long period of time was a form of torture in medieval times, so it would harm the people we're testing on.
J. van der Linden
Ah. It's alright. Humor is harder to convey over the internet.
The name is spelled "Korniyenko," and he is a cosmonaut.
Cosmo is in loose terms pretty much the same thing as astro.
***** Except for the implications of nationality.
*****
cosmonaut is the better word. no one is traveling to any stars.
94Newbie ...yet! ...i hope
why didn't they just build the ISS with a way to produce artificial gravity? Seems to me like that would solve a lot of problems with living in space.