I wish this had been around when I was in high school. It's truly excellent how you cover every subject in depth, without any assumption of previous knowledge, and without any talking down to the audience. It seems accessible to anyone, but even if you're totally familiar with the theories, seeing the built apparatuses and having the principles explained so clearly and visually is such excellent viewing. Really inspiring, thank you.
Sadly, we are probably not going to see the teaching style change in our lifetimes, but for the future students, this is the way of learning. It might sound a bit too idealistic, but I think we're going in a great direction when it comes to teaching. I've always hated history and I never really understood physics and chemistry, even doing well in school, but now that I'm over 30 and getting into those topics I can see how much time and effort was wasted with stupid and outdated teaching methods. Now I'm learning math, chemistry, physics, history, even philosophy and biology - all through the Internet, all through people like our precious presenter here (which I don't even know the name of!), just having fun learning stuff and getting to know the universe I live in on a really deep level. So yeah, I agree, if I I was born in the last 10-20 years insted, I would be a much better person overall and I would understand the world a lot better. This isn't just a crazy science channel, this is the future of humanity in the making. I know that 90% of the kids I went to school with would be interested in stuff like this. We, as a spiecies, have to stop teaching boring formulas, we need a goal and presentations like this one to lit the fire under people, to get them questioning the universe and pushing humanity forward. These are interesting times at least, we truly are on the brink of a revolution, even if we don't get to fusiuon power in 5 years.
I’m 76 years old and darn near retired, but your ability at teaching is second to none. I sure wish I had met someone with your ability to explain physics to me then, but I only pray you’ll be able to teach youngsters the way you do, and our country would be served so well. Congratulations,my friend! Dave in Phoenix
Electrons are not particles. That’s easy to prove. Also the man who discovered electrons said it’s not a particle, JJ Thompson It’s a field. It’s apart of the dielectric which is 1 with magnetism. JJ Thompson said an electron is 1 unit of dielectricity. This is not my opinion. This is fact. Charles proteus Steinmetz has a great book. Electrical discharges waves and impulses. It’s a must. Especially if you want to understand this more. Also theoria apophasis on TH-cam. He’s the man for magnetism. Many free books of his that are great. Charles proteus Steinmetz work backs it all up.
@@Man11235 not relevant to the discussion at all, but if you wanna go there, electrons are actually elementary particles, in the same class as a muon or photon. You are correct that some of these particles, particularly photons and electron streams, exhibit wave-like properties. This is demonstrated by the concept of wave-particle duality. Things get wierd when you go into subatomic physics, and things like absolutes fly out the window. Light is actually both a particle and a wave. Photons can mechanically punch microscopic holes through gold foil. Check yoself before you rek yoself, noob.
@@jakesmith2341 Actually electron are leptons like muons and are thus fermions but different of photons which are bosons. Now, Einstein proved that photons were both particles and waves (and got a Nobel price for it) and De Broglie posited that electrons (and pretty much anything moving) are both particles and oscillating fields/waves - at the same time - and it's the Planck constant that determines how much of which is prevalent at a macroscopic level (you know, Eisenberg uncertainty principle and all that Jazz !)
@@TechIngredients The thought of refrigerator sized fusion devices is fascinating. However... back in the stone age when I was in College (1970's) I recall the prof saying the search was fruitless because if we ever got to the fusion threshold, there were no materials to build the vacuum vessel out of because of the intense neutron flux and hence neutron damage (lattice damage) to the containment vessel. Has this problem been solved in the last 70 years? ... an ol' guy that's still interested.
I love this guy’s videos; they’re both educational and entertaining. But let’s be real: the physics and chemistry he’s explaining is stuff that most upperclassmen at MIT would already know. (I did both my BS an MEng at MIT). His videos remind me of the better professors I had at MIT, but without the math that goes with the conceptual stuff. The math is harder to make interesting enough for TH-cam.
@no one expected the spanish inquisition I know.. my PhD is embargoed for 20y because... IP. I can't even write about stuff covered by patent because I signed away those rights. Stipend was good tho...
@@DanielRisacher imagine the boost though if you had him in 101 or senior HS... But part of the art of teaching is dealing with the ones that aren't interested and don't wanna be there. He doesn't strike me as the type to persuade that sort of student to try and learn. Rather he'd inspire the interested to extend themselves.
"Now if you'll come over here, I'll show you something interesting" Sir, the past fifteen minutes and forty-seven seconds has *all* been absolutely fascinating to me.
Watch the cables leading to the arc furnace in this video at 1:39! You can see them repel each other for the same reason. th-cam.com/video/_j2jESz7Zl8/w-d-xo.html
Mark Rober: "Look at how cool squirrels are!" Tech Ingredients: "Today we're going to talk about bending plasma with magnets with a visual demonstration."
Me: clicks on video with crushed soda can in the thumbnail Guy in the video: “Hi, today is the second video in our series on thermonuclear fusion.” Me: surprised pikatchu face
What a fantastic channel. such a wide range of very useful topics, yes even nuclear fusion! I am by no means a physicist, But a retired firefighter. I am drawn to physics and am currently reading Mizuno, T Dr. Nuclear Transmutation: The reality of Cold Fusion, an interesting read. Your vids are excellent and can see you put a lot of time in on them. They are clear and easy to follow and understand. Thanks for all your hard work!!!
I just wanted to chime in that I love your videos. I've been a fan ever since the series on sound a while back, and yours is one of the only channels on TH-cam that I will happily sit and watch for more than half an hour at a clip. Part of me wishes you had a greater upload frequency, but given how much work and research goes into each and every video, I'm not sure I'd want that, to be honest. It would be a bit interesting to maybe have a Q&A video or a brief explanation about your background. If that's out there somewhere I've missed it: I'm not sure if you're a part time physicist, an incredibly bored and studious science teacher, or just some random dude with a workshop full of dangerous toys - but it'd be interesting to find out a little more about what set you on this path.
I love your ability to educate someone like me about how a fusion reactor might be structured in terms that I can understand. You break it down to a level that somebody who isn't an engineer or post-graduate scientist can reasonably follow along with, and I appreciate that you and the people who work with you have taken the time to incorporate so many working examples of the concepts you're about to explain. Your channel truly is a blessing. Thank you for it!
Tokamak Energy in oxforshire is doing the same trick. They have many excellent videos on here. I am skeptical this route will be what finally unlocks fusion energy though, the heat flux on the divertor of an ultrahigh field tokamak is going to be absolutely stupendous.
@@Muonium1 Heat is something which can be made use of. Hence, the steam engine! I think Trump's team are quite capable of dissipating sufficient heat to mitigate the downside of nuclear fusion, if thermal considerations are the only setback....
@@tasmedic Heat is useful, when it's not inherently concentrated like a super powerful laser beam onto a tiny area of material, which it will be in ultrahigh field tokamaks. In that case, it's a nightmare that destroys the machine.
@@Muonium1 Well not only the heat flux but neutron flux as well. So having material that will withstand that kind of radiation for a long time is not trivial at all. I guess we will see how it works out, first we will see ITER that I am sure of :) And then hopefully a bigger Stellarator.
Yes, I would love to see "The Main Presenter" interview scientists at ITER or MIT. Maybe you could get a tour of the facility also? This series on thermonuclear fusion is fantastic. Very compelling practical demonstrations to reinforce the theory.
I love how you explain all the concepts! Making them so understandable without reducing them shows how good your understanding and grasp of the physics you have! Keep up the good work :)
This man is a treasure. I'm now 30y/o and feel a bit of sadness that someone so passionate about science while able to express the concepts so eloquently and concisely wasn't as accessible to me earlier in my life. Glad you're here now though.
WOW, I just want to say thank you for making these videos!! I learned more (more so better understand) particle spin better from this video than I have in 4yrs of of Quantum Theory at University. There's just something incredible about how you have a way of breaking down theory in the simplest form possible. I truly wish TH-cam and this educational content existed when I was in Highschool/College... You explain things in such a way that a 12yr old could understand... I think I speak for far more than just myself when I say THANK YOU for all that you do. Content creator's like yourself are truly bringing a revival in the interest in Science and curiosity of what what surrounds us and how it all works... This has become my new favorite channel... Cheers from a fellow MassHole 🙏🙏🙏
I just found you and happen to work in a lab. We are always talking about and sharing cool science videos and channels. Per the request at the end of your videos, I think I know some people I can enthusiastically recommend this to...this is right on target since it isn't too terribly far from what lab techs do every day, but you do it way cooler. Thank you for your work and contribution.
"Hi, today is the second video in our series on thermonuclear fusion". Am I the only one who went "Wait, second??? When was the 1st?" Is youtube screwing with my subs again? But always a good day when Science Dad uploads, cant wait for the video on the epoxy composites and possible body armour applications.
Hi there, this is one of your best video presentations ever and loved it how you culminated it with such a dramatic experiment. My ten year old was asking about fusion reactions and I found that you had this video, he never took his eyes off it for the entire duration (neither did I). Great intro demos too!
"it might even fit in this room" I remember something like that being said about computers. You just have to love tech! The most fun you can have developing 'toys' that can help mankind... or destroy it in a blink. :)
"So now, let's kick this up by about three orders of magnitude..." 21:08 I love that quote. I look forward to your upcoming explorations in fusion tech!
About when in the reflexive motion did you realize that catching the chilled aluminum tube maybe wasn't the best idea? Anyway, good video as always. Also, I miss PhotonicInduction.
@@4.0.4 last I heard about him he was having issues bringing his new wife to his country or something about visas, either way he was really fed up with government issues and seemed like he was having a mild mental breakdown and talked about how he knows how to make some free energy type concept work, capturing energy from the earth, and he was going to share it with India since he was so fed up with his country. Haven't heard anything since then. Really hope he's doing okay.
Great explanations for the physics involved. When I was about to graduate from college, I toured a few high schools to generate interest in physics as a potential major for the university. We brought along gas tubes, high voltage generators and explained how light was produced from electron orbit decay. We even brought alon some LN2 just for fun. It was rewarding to watch the students eyes light up when they understood the concepts. Watching this brought me back to those days over 30 years ago. Keep it up!
This is one or the one most accurate videos and detailed onto the physics of a thermonuclear fusion I have ever seen around TH-cam and it is an level that everyone can understand it properly. As an engineer I respectifully say thanks for your time on sharing your views in such appealing experiments, as usual quality of your chanel.
I've realized that I'm very much a visual learner, so to see these demonstrations along with the explanations is really helpful as well as awesome to watch!
There's so little heat capacity in a coke can that it will warm back up to room temperature pretty quickly. I suppose you'd need something to keep it cold right up to the discharge of the arc. Maybe contain the coil and can in a dewar containing liquid nitrogen, without immersing the can in it...
I was wondering where you were going with the first video WRT fusion, but seeing it all come together with the magnet constricting the Hg vapor discharge explained it all perfectly. Kudos to you for providing all of the background to make sense of how the plasma is constrained in the reactor.
Pulse caps are super simple, more simple than the electrolytic caps, just 2 metal plates with dielectric in between, which can be plastic, glass, mica, etc
Always a pleasure to read and see your demonstrations. Thanks. I'm 77 now and, like others, feel I missed so much in my school years not having someone like you. But there were some teachers who were well read and inspirational. Occasionally students had to teach the teachers. Some of the best teachers for this were shop teachers. They loved their students, loved to learn, loved to teach. They were some of my heroes. Thanks for all that you do.
Absolutely incredible! Love how much info you're able to put into a single video. Is there any chance you're planning on building a Farnsworth reactor in the future of the series? It seems like you've got the vacuum technology and the high voltage capabilities.
No. A plasma ball might be fun, but low energy fusion has no reasonable principle to support it. Did you know that the nuclear strong force that holds a single proton and neutron together is 5,000 newtons?
It really is exciting to here how thermonuclear fusion for electricity generation may be just around the corner! And it is great to lean how it is done in such clear terms. Thank you!
37:36 - what happened at the right end of the tube? The teal light there got bigger and "consumed" the blue light in the center of the tube. Also the blue light is flickering - what's happening there?
I would love to see a short video about your background (career, education, probably patents, etc.)! Curious as to how you've gained the knowledge and experience you're sharing with us.
15:08 excellent description of an "eddy" current. A paramagnetic substance, such as aluminum, will propagate the magnetic field without creating it's own internal field like a ferrous substance would. So by being magnetically conductive, it will pass on the flux lines without creating its own magnetic field. This is a very useful property.
CRATER? OH, there is one. It's in another dimension. That video is still in the works. This contraption is the toroidal bender needed to curve space & time to visually see that other dimension.
Excellent lecture, thank you. I also watched most of your other shows, I wanted to ask you if it's possible for you to prepare a show on Stirling engines and how to generate power with them. If possible to include some of the math in the design process that would be great.
19:16 excellent description of gyro-orbitals. If you compare them to roller-bearings, in a linear or circular arrangement, you can better display forces at play in this demonstration.
@@Ch0rr1s very odd how I could have seen this over 8 or 10 years ago maybe longer-term years ago but it's saying a year has passed. There must be something odd going on with everything I'm witnessing, almost like a God of restarting but we are all the God as one and somehow we are growing in size and multiples within our selves.... it's overwhelming unless I write it down and math/connect the puzzle together
Yes you are right, it applies to the conventional direction of the current which is the opposite of the electrons flow. So the magnetic field lines shown in that part of the video are actually oriented in the opposite direction
@@SupraNaturalTT He was saying that the thumb should point toward the conventional current direction, not the direction of electron flow like in the video. He wasn't surprised about the right-hand rule itself. Another mistake in the video is at 6:47: "electric field" when it should be "magnetic field".
@@HoxTop Not really! He said "as the electron moves along the direction of my right-hand thumb" and his movement indicated this, too. But, hey, it is just a minor thing, his videos are GREAT! :-)
I have been watching your channel for years now. I absolutely love the information that you are putting out on this channel. Helps me pass the time thanks to insomnia.
I love the content and the depth of the coverage. The extent with which you go through the concepts is just right for me (and would assume many others). I would like to understand more of the safety considerations you had as you performed each of the experiments, just because I think any newbie who would (brashly) attempt to replicate some of your experiments would certainly benefit from knowing them in advance :-D Thank you for your great videos!
@10:40 idk I've magnetized screw drivers on purpose before because it's very annoying to have a screw or bolt fall off the driver when you're putting it in a tight space you can't get your fingers into.
I feel that I learned so much about physics from this and the first video and also the magnetohydrodynamics one! I really wish this series continues in the future and I'll bet I'm not the only one thinking like this. Although explosions and afterburners are great fun and definitely interesting, I feel that the topics discussed in these 3 videos are of a much more of an importance in todays world, not to even mention tomorrow's!
I come from and work in 'tech', so I appreciate this presentation. I cannot envision a better presentation for those not immersed in science & technology. If only explained, most people cannot visualize "magnetic confinement" as it relates to fusion research. However, most people can extrapolate things, and your demo here conveys the basics of magnetic confinement Visually ... "seeing is believing" ... BRAVO!
This guy just made my brain explode. I love science, but I build homes for the past 17 years. All this time I really believed I was actually hitting nails with my hammer.
"wow" you can say that again, I did! Lol. This guy blows my mind with his level of knowledge and ability to teach. Super cool, super interesting, & he know his stuff. Keep bringing it. Thank you. Dave.
Your description of the heating of the coil in your plasma pinching demonstration reminded me of a module I designed back in the '80s, commissioned by the JET (Joint European Torus) project at Culham, 20 miles or so up the road from here. I was then working as one half of a 2-man company. The module was called an I-squared-T integrator; its function was to monitor the magnitude of the current in the busbars feeding the torus electromagnets (using Hall effect sensors), and integrate the I^2 x time, with a trip level set to shut off the current before the busbars melted. The module allowed the computed value to decrease with time (allowing for the bars to cool between pulses).
What's happening at 36:06 to 36:16 from about 3 to 10 inches from the right electrode that looks like flickering Mach diamonds every 1.5 inches? Why are they separated like that on only 1 side of the tube?
Dear Friend Tech Ingredients, thank you for your videos. Ill educated as I am, you make your subjects exciting, fun and easy to understand. Again I thank you. andré
Great job, loved the video, only one glitch: a moving electron represents current in the opposite direction, so you need to reverse the direction that the right-hand rule is used.
The electron does not know Euclidean Geometry:?) It uses Planck's geometry and counts rationally because it nows E=-nv despite Einstiens urging E=his energy equation. It is just an error of convention. It took me 60 years to realize my first-grade teacher was wrong when she taught us 1-10 and hid her hands and said this is zero:?(
I wish this had been around when I was in high school. It's truly excellent how you cover every subject in depth, without any assumption of previous knowledge, and without any talking down to the audience. It seems accessible to anyone, but even if you're totally familiar with the theories, seeing the built apparatuses and having the principles explained so clearly and visually is such excellent viewing. Really inspiring, thank you.
He legitimately has such a deep knowledge of so many different subjects and it all comes together beautifully.
I feel the same way! How different would our lives be if we all learned and performed experiments like this when we were 16?
.... Assuming we survived..
Sadly, we are probably not going to see the teaching style change in our lifetimes, but for the future students, this is the way of learning. It might sound a bit too idealistic, but I think we're going in a great direction when it comes to teaching. I've always hated history and I never really understood physics and chemistry, even doing well in school, but now that I'm over 30 and getting into those topics I can see how much time and effort was wasted with stupid and outdated teaching methods. Now I'm learning math, chemistry, physics, history, even philosophy and biology - all through the Internet, all through people like our precious presenter here (which I don't even know the name of!), just having fun learning stuff and getting to know the universe I live in on a really deep level.
So yeah, I agree, if I I was born in the last 10-20 years insted, I would be a much better person overall and I would understand the world a lot better. This isn't just a crazy science channel, this is the future of humanity in the making.
I know that 90% of the kids I went to school with would be interested in stuff like this. We, as a spiecies, have to stop teaching boring formulas, we need a goal and presentations like this one to lit the fire under people, to get them questioning the universe and pushing humanity forward.
These are interesting times at least, we truly are on the brink of a revolution, even if we don't get to fusiuon power in 5 years.
Very well put.
“Hi, today is the second video in our series on thermonuclear fusion.”
Now that’s an introduction. Love this channel.
Is this our dimensions RICK ?
@@veorEL NO! He's much to classy to be a Rick.
My exact thought lol
yeah, you can delete youtube, but please leave this channel and Applied Science Channel...rest is trash
@@ddegn he tutored rick.
I’m 76 years old and darn near retired, but your ability at teaching is second to none. I sure wish I had met someone with your ability to explain physics to me then, but I only pray you’ll be able to teach youngsters the way you do, and our country would be served so well. Congratulations,my friend! Dave in Phoenix
Electrons are not particles. That’s easy to prove. Also the man who discovered electrons said it’s not a particle, JJ Thompson It’s a field. It’s apart of the dielectric which is 1 with magnetism. JJ Thompson said an electron is 1 unit of dielectricity. This is not my opinion. This is fact. Charles proteus Steinmetz has a great book. Electrical discharges waves and impulses. It’s a must. Especially if you want to understand this more. Also theoria apophasis on TH-cam. He’s the man for magnetism. Many free books of his that are great. Charles proteus Steinmetz work backs it all up.
@@Man11235 not relevant to the discussion at all, but if you wanna go there, electrons are actually elementary particles, in the same class as a muon or photon. You are correct that some of these particles, particularly photons and electron streams, exhibit wave-like properties. This is demonstrated by the concept of wave-particle duality.
Things get wierd when you go into subatomic physics, and things like absolutes fly out the window.
Light is actually both a particle and a wave. Photons can mechanically punch microscopic holes through gold foil.
Check yoself before you rek yoself, noob.
@@jakesmith2341 Actually electron are leptons like muons and are thus fermions but different of photons which are bosons.
Now, Einstein proved that photons were both particles and waves (and got a Nobel price for it) and De Broglie posited that electrons (and pretty much anything moving) are both particles and oscillating fields/waves - at the same time - and it's the Planck constant that determines how much of which is prevalent at a macroscopic level (you know, Eisenberg uncertainty principle and all that Jazz !)
@@Man11235 thanks
@@Man11235 Thanks, this is so interesting.
Till this day I can't believe your incredible, educational content is free. That means a lot to us. Thank you.
Sure, glad you're here!
I second that Tony. Tech In. is greatly appreciated.
Seriously, I really love the clarity and precision.
@@TechIngredients The thought of refrigerator sized fusion devices is fascinating. However... back in the stone age when I was in College (1970's) I recall the prof saying the search was fruitless because if we ever got to the fusion threshold, there were no materials to build the vacuum vessel out of because of the intense neutron flux and hence neutron damage (lattice damage) to the containment vessel. Has this problem been solved in the last 70 years? ... an ol' guy that's still interested.
All knowledge should be free
Dear MIT please just let this man loose on your campus. sincerely the internet
Yes, but you can't film or discuss anything.
Nah, those people chose their fate. This is a way better option.
I love this guy’s videos; they’re both educational and entertaining. But let’s be real: the physics and chemistry he’s explaining is stuff that most upperclassmen at MIT would already know. (I did both my BS an MEng at MIT). His videos remind me of the better professors I had at MIT, but without the math that goes with the conceptual stuff. The math is harder to make interesting enough for TH-cam.
@no one expected the spanish inquisition I know.. my PhD is embargoed for 20y because... IP. I can't even write about stuff covered by patent because I signed away those rights. Stipend was good tho...
@@DanielRisacher imagine the boost though if you had him in 101 or senior HS...
But part of the art of teaching is dealing with the ones that aren't interested and don't wanna be there. He doesn't strike me as the type to persuade that sort of student to try and learn. Rather he'd inspire the interested to extend themselves.
"Now if you'll come over here, I'll show you something interesting"
Sir, the past fifteen minutes and forty-seven seconds has *all* been absolutely fascinating to me.
Beyond Illumination:?)
I like that we live in a time where you can use the phrase "conventional superconductors."
Louis Wu has an ocean to boil with "conventional superconductors"
You have a magnificient amount of high quality lab equipment.
It did fall from a truck...
His knowledge makes him great, not just an assembly of parts and machines. This isn't a stage set.
@unlokia it’s a “mag”nificent magnet joke
He built all of those equipment, from scratch, over a few weekends when his wife and kids went to visit the mother-in-law..
AmazeBalls Lab 🧪⚗️🔬🔭💊💉🩸🧬🦠🧫🧪🌡
You present more educational content in the shortest amount of time than anyone I have seen on TH-cam. Thank you for your channel.
36:28 you can even see the red and black wire moving apart once the current is flowing. A further example of what was explained before.
Watch the cables leading to the arc furnace in this video at 1:39! You can see them repel each other for the same reason. th-cam.com/video/_j2jESz7Zl8/w-d-xo.html
Good eye, I missed that
Mark Rober: "Look at how cool squirrels are!"
Tech Ingredients: "Today we're going to talk about bending plasma with magnets with a visual demonstration."
I WorRkeD fOr NasA
I would think that Mark Rober is more to start curiosity. this is to start experimenting with your interest. both have value
Spot on! ... also: the squirrel video was exceptionally lame.
To be clear: they're both VERY good at serving VERY different audiences for ALL the best reasons.
but you have to admit that Guss is cool
You, sir, are a professor in the highest regard. What I would have given and, still, give to have you as my teacher/mentor, I'd rather not mention.
He is the father we wished we all had. Just imagine the worth of knowledge as a child growing up.
Me: clicks on video with crushed soda can in the thumbnail
Guy in the video: “Hi, today is the second video in our series on thermonuclear fusion.”
Me: surprised pikatchu face
So did I!
Me too. I just wanted to see some magnetic crushing. Now I'll have to see the other videos.
ha! that was my reaction too :-)
"forced"/"tricked" learning .clever guy
In our next video, we are going to supercool fart, and slice them into small cubes.. xD
“So I hope you enjoyed the video?”
I can ensure you that I did
assure
What a fantastic channel. such a wide range of very useful topics, yes even nuclear fusion! I am by no means a physicist, But a retired firefighter. I am drawn to physics and am currently reading Mizuno, T Dr. Nuclear Transmutation: The reality of Cold Fusion, an interesting read. Your vids are excellent and can see you put a lot of time in on them. They are clear and easy to follow and understand. Thanks for all your hard work!!!
I've learnt more about electromagnetism in the last 38 minutes than I have in the last 38 years. Keep it coming!
I just wanted to chime in that I love your videos. I've been a fan ever since the series on sound a while back, and yours is one of the only channels on TH-cam that I will happily sit and watch for more than half an hour at a clip. Part of me wishes you had a greater upload frequency, but given how much work and research goes into each and every video, I'm not sure I'd want that, to be honest. It would be a bit interesting to maybe have a Q&A video or a brief explanation about your background. If that's out there somewhere I've missed it: I'm not sure if you're a part time physicist, an incredibly bored and studious science teacher, or just some random dude with a workshop full of dangerous toys - but it'd be interesting to find out a little more about what set you on this path.
Learned more in this one video than most of the physics lessons I sat through when I was at school. Brilliantly explained and demonstrated.
I love your ability to educate someone like me about how a fusion reactor might be structured in terms that I can understand. You break it down to a level that somebody who isn't an engineer or post-graduate scientist can reasonably follow along with, and I appreciate that you and the people who work with you have taken the time to incorporate so many working examples of the concepts you're about to explain. Your channel truly is a blessing. Thank you for it!
Whoa, he's actually gonna talk to spARC engineers?
I'm SUPER excited about that.
Fingers crossed it'll work out!
Yeah, shit gets real...
Tokamak Energy in oxforshire is doing the same trick. They have many excellent videos on here. I am skeptical this route will be what finally unlocks fusion energy though, the heat flux on the divertor of an ultrahigh field tokamak is going to be absolutely stupendous.
@@Muonium1 Heat is something which can be made use of. Hence, the steam engine!
I think Trump's team are quite capable of dissipating sufficient heat to mitigate the downside of nuclear fusion, if thermal considerations are the only setback....
@@tasmedic Heat is useful, when it's not inherently concentrated like a super powerful laser beam onto a tiny area of material, which it will be in ultrahigh field tokamaks. In that case, it's a nightmare that destroys the machine.
@@Muonium1 Well not only the heat flux but neutron flux as well. So having material that will withstand that kind of radiation for a long time is not trivial at all.
I guess we will see how it works out, first we will see ITER that I am sure of :) And then hopefully a bigger Stellarator.
I love how you're channel is a mix of engineering lectures and "DIY".
Yes, I would love to see "The Main Presenter" interview scientists at ITER or MIT. Maybe you could get a tour of the facility also?
This series on thermonuclear fusion is fantastic. Very compelling practical demonstrations to reinforce the theory.
I love how you explain all the concepts! Making them so understandable without reducing them shows how good your understanding and grasp of the physics you have! Keep up the good work :)
This man is a very skillful teacher. Chose his words carefully and has his presentation so arranged that even a lobester wont be lost in his class.
This man is a treasure. I'm now 30y/o and feel a bit of sadness that someone so passionate about science while able to express the concepts so eloquently and concisely wasn't as accessible to me earlier in my life. Glad you're here now though.
46. Same.
42. Same.
58 Same. Age knows no limitations. I have always loved science, but it was never this easy.
He's basically doc from Back to the Future, minus cocaine...
"And today on Tech Ingredients we make supercharged mega-cocaine from the leaves of a completely new plant I invented last episode"
or a learned patience through fatherhood
Nothing wrong with a little Cocaiñe. All things in moderation though.
Ugh Marty! 1.21 gigawatts. Great Scott!
@@joshuagibson2520 touch staying 'a little', when it comes to cocaine, or heroin, or crystal meth.....or even weed from what I have seen....
WOW, I just want to say thank you for making these videos!! I learned more (more so better understand) particle spin better from this video than I have in 4yrs of of Quantum Theory at University. There's just something incredible about how you have a way of breaking down theory in the simplest form possible. I truly wish TH-cam and this educational content existed when I was in Highschool/College... You explain things in such a way that a 12yr old could understand... I think I speak for far more than just myself when I say THANK YOU for all that you do. Content creator's like yourself are truly bringing a revival in the interest in Science and curiosity of what what surrounds us and how it all works... This has become my new favorite channel... Cheers from a fellow MassHole 🙏🙏🙏
Super DITTO. Shawnsousa7473 clearly wrote what we all feel. I would have given my right arm to be a student of yours. Thank you.
I just found you and happen to work in a lab. We are always talking about and sharing cool science videos and channels. Per the request at the end of your videos, I think I know some people I can enthusiastically recommend this to...this is right on target since it isn't too terribly far from what lab techs do every day, but you do it way cooler. Thank you for your work and contribution.
Thanks!
That's great.
"Hi, today is the second video in our series on thermonuclear fusion". Am I the only one who went "Wait, second??? When was the 1st?" Is youtube screwing with my subs again?
But always a good day when Science Dad uploads, cant wait for the video on the epoxy composites and possible body armour applications.
Lol, Science Dad. How apt.
I swear he is Cody'sDad
Hi there, this is one of your best video presentations ever and loved it how you culminated it with such a dramatic experiment. My ten year old was asking about fusion reactions and I found that you had this video, he never took his eyes off it for the entire duration (neither did I). Great intro demos too!
Thanks!
"it might even fit in this room" I remember something like that being said about computers. You just have to love tech! The most fun you can have developing 'toys' that can help mankind... or destroy it in a blink. :)
Just wait for part 3 where I discuss how far this can go.
@@TechIngredients I have been trying to wait
Tech Ingredients can, laughing: “I’m in danger...”
Yeah, the Atlanteans found that out a couple of different times separated by many thousands of years. Humans, we just don't seem to learn.
@@TechIngredients I have trouble sorting out your videos by subject or series. What is part 3 called please? I would really enjoy to watch it.
"So now, let's kick this up by about three orders of magnitude..." 21:08
I love that quote. I look forward to your upcoming explorations in fusion tech!
The world NEEDS people like you. It is very exciting stuff, especially for the future of mankind and the planet.
About when in the reflexive motion did you realize that catching the chilled aluminum tube maybe wasn't the best idea? Anyway, good video as always.
Also, I miss PhotonicInduction.
Oh man I forgot about photon and all the holes in his couch and curtains
We all miss him. I hope he's doing well. Last time I heard he was
Interesting that instinct will make you try to catch a dropped object before your brain can tell you not to.
Did something happen to him?
@@4.0.4 last I heard about him he was having issues bringing his new wife to his country or something about visas, either way he was really fed up with government issues and seemed like he was having a mild mental breakdown and talked about how he knows how to make some free energy type concept work, capturing energy from the earth, and he was going to share it with India since he was so fed up with his country. Haven't heard anything since then. Really hope he's doing okay.
Clarke's Third Law: Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
So yeah, you did crush the can with magic.
Me watching the witch scene of Monty Python
th-cam.com/video/yp_l5ntikaU/w-d-xo.html
Cookie Clicker quote: Any sufficiently crude magic is indistinguishable from technology.
Therefore: Any technology distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced
Indistinguishable from magic does not mean it is magic. It just means you can't tell them apart.
@@skipfred yeah so it essentially becomes irrelevant whether you call it magic or technology, it could very well be both
Great explanations for the physics involved. When I was about to graduate from college, I toured a few high schools to generate interest in physics as a potential major for the university. We brought along gas tubes, high voltage generators and explained how light was produced from electron orbit decay. We even brought alon some LN2 just for fun. It was rewarding to watch the students eyes light up when they understood the concepts. Watching this brought me back to those days over 30 years ago. Keep it up!
"Now let's kick this up about 3 orders of magnitude" - Most channels cannot say this without hyperbole.
37:09 "This is a nice setup using the mercury"
I'd say that's the best mercurial magnetic plasma pinching setup I've seen this afternoon.
This is one or the one most accurate videos and detailed onto the physics of a thermonuclear fusion I have ever seen around TH-cam and it is an level that everyone can understand it properly. As an engineer I respectifully say thanks for your time on sharing your views in such appealing experiments, as usual quality of your chanel.
I love how his instincts said catch then his brain yelled NO
Every chef learns that lesson the hard way. Knife falls: hands up and jump back. 🗡️🤣🔪
I just saw that same thing: th-cam.com/video/-2QaTyDJDEI/w-d-xo.html
This is the best science related channel on youtube. I cant believe how good this content is.
I've realized that I'm very much a visual learner, so to see these demonstrations along with the explanations is really helpful as well as awesome to watch!
Freezing the can, then perform the same experiment again with the can frozen first
You're implication is correct, it helps.
Full can, and I'll clean up the Bat Cave afterwards.
i bet though that the thin al can warms up super fast.
There's so little heat capacity in a coke can that it will warm back up to room temperature pretty quickly. I suppose you'd need something to keep it cold right up to the discharge of the arc. Maybe contain the coil and can in a dewar containing liquid nitrogen, without immersing the can in it...
Guessing a new, full can would be too messy
I like how he goes to grab the cooled Al rod and then remembers that he really doesn't want to grab a metal rod at LN2 temps
I was wondering where you were going with the first video WRT fusion, but seeing it all come together with the magnet constricting the Hg vapor discharge explained it all perfectly. Kudos to you for providing all of the background to make sense of how the plasma is constrained in the reactor.
21:52
"Now the setup here is pretty simple"
30 seconds later the phrase "pulse capacitors" is used.
😂😂😂
Oh yeah. I have 7 of those pulse capacitors just sitting around in my back room!
Pulse caps are super simple, more simple than the electrolytic caps, just 2 metal plates with dielectric in between, which can be plastic, glass, mica, etc
Any day with a "Tech Ingredients" video notification is a better day! 😃👍
Always a pleasure to read and see your demonstrations. Thanks. I'm 77 now and, like others, feel I missed so much in my school years not having someone like you. But there were some teachers who were well read and inspirational. Occasionally students had to teach the teachers. Some of the best teachers for this were shop teachers. They loved their students, loved to learn, loved to teach. They were some of my heroes. Thanks for all that you do.
Wish I'd have had you as my physics professor :)
He's invited to my fantasy dinner
Absolutely incredible! Love how much info you're able to put into a single video.
Is there any chance you're planning on building a Farnsworth reactor in the future of the series? It seems like you've got the vacuum technology and the high voltage capabilities.
No.
A plasma ball might be fun, but low energy fusion has no reasonable principle to support it. Did you know that the nuclear strong force that holds a single proton and neutron together is 5,000 newtons?
18:20 - "Now that's kinda neat, but, what I wanna do now..."
*"Do the copper one!* *_Do the copper one!"_*
no,dont do the copper one,,i cant pay anymore fines this yr..
18:07 I shouted "No! Don't catch that!" xD
At least the gloves were lying right there on the table...
@@georgelionon9050 It's fine, he had warm thoughts at the time.
Me too! Well, my exact thoughts were "let it drop!"
I guess its hard to turn off your reflexes :D
It really is exciting to here how thermonuclear fusion for electricity generation may be just around the corner! And it is great to lean how it is done in such clear terms. Thank you!
Next episode: What the scientists are doing wrong in Fusion, and my home made reactor that I'm using to power my home!
18:08 *reflex to catch kicks in*
Brain: DONT TOUCH THAT
Blacksmiths also have this problem.
@@F4ngel I've handled too many sharp things/knives to have this reflex...
If shit drops, I let it xD
Also the right thing to do with literal shit.
@@awemowe2830 yeah. my natural reflex is to jump back as far as i can and spread my legs. looks probadly hilarious but i like my body as it is.
37:36 - what happened at the right end of the tube? The teal light there got bigger and "consumed" the blue light in the center of the tube. Also the blue light is flickering - what's happening there?
Such a great science/technology channel. I learn new things every time I watch this channel
I would love to see a short video about your background (career, education, probably patents, etc.)! Curious as to how you've gained the knowledge and experience you're sharing with us.
15:08 excellent description of an "eddy" current. A paramagnetic substance, such as aluminum, will propagate the magnetic field without creating it's own internal field like a ferrous substance would. So by being magnetically conductive, it will pass on the flux lines without creating its own magnetic field. This is a very useful property.
one day man there's going to be crater where he lives
Hopefully, there are some high-speed cameras rolling when this happens (plus, people had a chance to get out in time;-))...
CRATER? OH, there is one. It's in another dimension. That video is still in the works.
This contraption is the toroidal bender needed to curve space & time to visually see that other dimension.
The temporal prime directive is implicit
@Richard MacKenzie sounds correct the way you say it.
I'd bet you it happens to Colin Furz first; this guy's too methodical to blow himself up
You are the professor that I always wish I had. Thanks for all your hard work, it's left a big impact.
Excellent lecture, thank you. I also watched most of your other shows, I wanted to ask you if it's possible for you to prepare a show on Stirling engines and how to generate power with them. If possible to include some of the math in the design process that would be great.
40 minutes felt like 10.
Felt more like 25 to me, but I did have to rewind a few times when my brain had turned off. I should probably watch this again tomorrow ^^
That was 40 minutes?!? [Mind blown] 10 is about what I'd've estimated too. :-)
40 minutes, my arse! Oh, it is 40 minutes.
I actually had to go back to see what you were talking about - I honestly thought it 15 minutes.
after you heard a lavalier mic, a camera one is just pain to the ears
19:16 excellent description of gyro-orbitals. If you compare them to roller-bearings, in a linear or circular arrangement, you can better display forces at play in this demonstration.
Tech Ingredients: "Hi, today is our second video on thermonuclear fusion."
Me: *Heavy breathing "Go on."
Man, I really hope fusion reactors can be possible in the near future. That could be the solution to so many problems.
Very well presented, I love that you even gave the names of the apparatus involved, I learned what a "variac" is!
This man is the real Tony Stark.
Imagine this guy having unlimited funds like Elon musk.
We would be on in a other star system somewhere in the milky way by now
@@Ch0rr1s very odd how I could have seen this over 8 or 10 years ago maybe longer-term years ago but it's saying a year has passed. There must be something odd going on with everything I'm witnessing, almost like a God of restarting but we are all the God as one and somehow we are growing in size and multiples within our selves.... it's overwhelming unless I write it down and math/connect the puzzle together
3:00 - thought that right-hand rule applies to conventional current i.e. the opposite direction of electron flow !?
It applies to radio, light, electromagnetic, current. Check out Theoria Apaphosis Channel. He has a lot of work in this area.
Yes you are right, it applies to the conventional direction of the current which is the opposite of the electrons flow. So the magnetic field lines shown in that part of the video are actually oriented in the opposite direction
@@SupraNaturalTT He was saying that the thumb should point toward the conventional current direction, not the direction of electron flow like in the video. He wasn't surprised about the right-hand rule itself.
Another mistake in the video is at 6:47: "electric field" when it should be "magnetic field".
@@HoxTop Not really! He said "as the electron moves along the direction of my right-hand thumb" and his movement indicated this, too. But, hey, it is just a minor thing, his videos are GREAT! :-)
I have been watching your channel for years now. I absolutely love the information that you are putting out on this channel. Helps me pass the time thanks to insomnia.
>tries to catch falling liquid-nitrogen-cooled tube
this chanel should have 1 million sub, really good chanel thanks for sharing
10:33 excellent explanation of degaussing (removing magnetic influence) and annealing (increasing permittivity of a magnetically conductive substance)
35:36 "It's off right now... or it should be" © every single electrician here in RF.
I love the content and the depth of the coverage. The extent with which you go through the concepts is just right for me (and would assume many others). I would like to understand more of the safety considerations you had as you performed each of the experiments, just because I think any newbie who would (brashly) attempt to replicate some of your experiments would certainly benefit from knowing them in advance :-D Thank you for your great videos!
@10:40 idk I've magnetized screw drivers on purpose before because it's very annoying to have a screw or bolt fall off the driver when you're putting it in a tight space you can't get your fingers into.
Awesome! I would appreciate a video tackling the topic of the different types of magnetism. Diamagnetism in particular is interesting to me.
I feel that I learned so much about physics from this and the first video and also the magnetohydrodynamics one! I really wish this series continues in the future and I'll bet I'm not the only one thinking like this. Although explosions and afterburners are great fun and definitely interesting, I feel that the topics discussed in these 3 videos are of a much more of an importance in todays world, not to even mention tomorrow's!
I come from and work in 'tech', so I appreciate this presentation. I cannot envision a better presentation for those not immersed in science & technology. If only explained, most people cannot visualize "magnetic confinement" as it relates to fusion research. However, most people can extrapolate things, and your demo here conveys the basics of magnetic confinement Visually ... "seeing is believing" ... BRAVO!
This guy just made my brain explode. I love science, but I build homes for the past 17 years. All this time I really believed I was actually hitting nails with my hammer.
Again another awesome video, but i would suggest trying to improve the handheld camera work, lots of focusing and shaky movement.
It’s just this video. The camera work got much better in other videos imo.
@@tophan5146 The first part of this series suffered in the same way ... it's a shame that this hasn't been rectified in this one
"wow" you can say that again, I did! Lol. This guy blows my mind with his level of knowledge and ability to teach. Super cool, super interesting, & he know his stuff. Keep bringing it. Thank you.
Dave.
"This may end the universe". Doesn't wear safety glasses. Chuck Norris Level!
Well if it's going to end the universe, safety glasses aren't going to save you
Husband, father, scientist, (main) presenter, and.... dry cleaner???
I can only say this …..YOU ARE AMAZING ! Your hands on demonstrations are extremely valuable . Respect , respect .
Did you get a tan from that mercury vapor lamp?
That shows you how good of a video this is, that the only question I have is a joke question.
"You can't change left and right hands...."
Igor! Ve haff ein challenge!
Your description of the heating of the coil in your plasma pinching demonstration reminded me of a module I designed back in the '80s, commissioned by the JET (Joint European Torus) project at Culham, 20 miles or so up the road from here. I was then working as one half of a 2-man company.
The module was called an I-squared-T integrator; its function was to monitor the magnitude of the current in the busbars feeding the torus electromagnets (using Hall effect sensors), and integrate the I^2 x time, with a trip level set to shut off the current before the busbars melted. The module allowed the computed value to decrease with time (allowing for the bars to cool between pulses).
Whenever he speaks: It is the language of the gods
When he crushed the can: Blessed techno-sorcery! His divinity cannot be questioned!
The Omnissiah Protects
A fusion reactor could just about fit in this room......
My house: honey, we're adding another room.
What's happening at 36:06 to 36:16 from about 3 to 10 inches from the right electrode that looks like flickering Mach diamonds every 1.5 inches? Why are they separated like that on only 1 side of the tube?
Dear Friend Tech Ingredients, thank you for your videos. Ill educated as I am, you make your subjects exciting, fun and easy to understand. Again I thank you. andré
Looking forward to having a 100MW thermonuclear fusion reactor in my basement.
I bet these guys will have one in their garage before anyone else.
Great job, loved the video, only one glitch: a moving electron represents current in the opposite direction, so you need to reverse the direction that the right-hand rule is used.
The electron does not know Euclidean Geometry:?) It uses Planck's geometry and counts rationally because it nows E=-nv despite Einstiens urging E=his energy equation. It is just an error of convention. It took me 60 years to realize my first-grade teacher was wrong when she taught us 1-10 and hid her hands and said this is zero:?(
Next episode in the series: DIY Flux Capacitor
sir its 3am and im drunk but i wish you were my science teacher in hs, i love your work
I would have known I wanted to be an engineer way earlier if I had you as a teacher in high school. Thanks for the cool content and not doing ads
Kirk - "What have you done with Spock's brain?" Aliaen - " Brain, brain, what is brain?"
Love the work this guy does. 👍🙄
The principles of the ITER project, currently being assembled.