Raising ducks for high productivity involves proper management, nutrition, and housing. Here’s a comprehensive guide:
1. Choosing the Right Breed
Egg-laying breeds: Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, and Pekin are excellent for high egg production.
Meat breeds: Muscovy and Pekin are known for their fast growth and good meat quality.
Dual-purpose breeds: Buff Orpington and Rouen can be raised for both eggs and meat.
2. Housing and Shelter
Provide a secure shelter to protect ducks from predators, extreme weather, and pests.
Ensure adequate ventilation to prevent respiratory issues.
Maintain dry bedding using materials like straw, wood shavings, or rice husks.
Provide a clean water source near the shelter as ducks need water to drink and clean themselves.
Space Requirements:
Inside housing: 3-4 square feet per duck.
Outdoor run: 10-15 square feet per duck.
3. Feeding and Nutrition
Provide a balanced diet with proper protein, vitamins, and minerals.
Starter feed: 18-20% protein (for ducklings up to 2 weeks old).
Grower feed: 16-18% protein (from 2 to 6 weeks).
Layer feed: 16-17% protein with added calcium for egg-laying ducks.
Supplement with fresh greens, grains, and kitchen scraps.
Always ensure fresh, clean water is available, as ducks drink frequently and need water to swallow their food.
4. Water and Swimming Area
Ducks don’t need a large pond, but access to water for bathing helps keep them healthy and stimulates laying.
A shallow pool or a small artificial pond is sufficient.
Change water regularly to maintain hygiene.
5. Health Management
Vaccinate against common diseases like duck viral hepatitis and avian influenza.
Regularly check for parasites like lice and mites, and deworm if necessary.
Observe for signs of illness, such as lethargy, drooping wings, or changes in appetite.
Maintain clean housing to prevent diseases.
6. Breeding and Egg Production
Ensure a male-to-female ratio of about 1:5 for fertile eggs.
Provide proper nesting boxes (12x12 inches) with clean bedding for laying ducks.
Collect eggs daily to maintain freshness and prevent breakage.
Optimize lighting to ensure 14-16 hours of light daily for maximum egg production.
7. Environmental Management
Ducks are hardy but need protection from extreme cold or heat.
During winter, use additional bedding and reduce drafts in the shelter.
In hot weather, provide shade and access to cool water to prevent heat stress.
8. Record Keeping
Keep records of feeding, vaccinations, egg production, and health checks.
Monitor productivity and adjust feeding or management practices as needed.
9. General Tips for High Productivity
Provide consistent care and attention.
Avoid overcrowding to reduce stress and aggression.
Ensure ducks have enough space to forage and move around freely.
By following these guidelines, you can raise healthy ducks with high productivity for eggs, meat, or both.