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Aluminum Chemist
United States
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 14 มี.ค. 2020
All about Chemistry, including all my quirks and insights.
Lec11 - Synthesizing Peptides and the Merrifield Synthesis
In this video we describe how to tackle forming oligopeptides from individual amino acids in homogeneous solution. Emphasis is placed on the proper use of protecting groups. Finally, the Merrifield synthesis of amino acids, using a solid support, is described and illustrated to demonstrate its efficiency and versatility.
มุมมอง: 44
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Lec11 - Formation of the Peptide Bond and Protecting Groups
มุมมอง 252 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we explain how to activate a carboxylic acid with DCC in order to transform it into an amide (aka peptide) bond. We also touch upon how to add a protecting group to the amino and/or the carboxylic acid components of amino acids. We also show the mechanisms of installing and removing Boc and Fmoc protecting groups to and from amines.
Lec11 - Amino Acid Sequencing and the Edman Degradation
มุมมอง 332 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we explain how the process of sequencing a peptide occurs. We first talk about full hydrolysis and chromatography, followed by reaction with ninhydrin for its detection. Then, we described how Edman was able to remove only one amino acid from the sequence at a time.
Lec11 - Oligopeptides
มุมมอง 272 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we explain what a peptide bond, how to draw peptides and how to determine the isoelectric point of an oligopeptide.
Lec11 - Synthesis of Amino Acids
มุมมอง 1452 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we go over three different reactions that can be used to prepare amino acids: 1) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction 2) Amidoamidate synthesis 3) Strecker synthesis For each of the reactions, a full mechanism is provided.
Lec11 - The Isoelectric Point of Amino Acids
มุมมอง 232 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we go over the technique that allows you to determine the pH at which an amino acid will end up being neutral.
Lec11 - Acidity and Basicity Trends of Amino Acids
มุมมอง 212 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we talk about the average pKa values of the amino and carboxylic acid units of amino acids. We highlight some of the outliers from the list and finish off the video by talking about the side chain amino acids that are acidic enough for deprotonation in water.
Lec11 - The Twenty Natural Amino Acids
มุมมอง 292 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we introduce all 20 amino acids found in living organisms, which are categorized in four classes: i) nonpolar, ii) polar neutral, iii) polar acidic, and iv) polar basic.
Lec10 - Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
มุมมอง 413 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we present four disaccharides: 1) Maltose, 2) Lactose, 3) Cellobiose, and 4) Sucrose. We also describe two types of polysaccharides: 1) Cellulose and 2) Starch. In each case, the point is made that alpha-glycosidic bonds are good for digestion, while beta-glycosidic bonds are not.
Lec10 - The Wohl Degradation
มุมมอง 773 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we show how through a three-step reaction sequence, we can shorten an aldose sugar chain by one carbon. In the first step, an oxime is formed. On the second step a nitrile is formed. On the final step, cyanide elimination is induced under basic conditions to shorten the chain. The mechanism of all three steps are shown in this video.
Lec10 - The Fischer-Kiliani Sugar Synthesis
มุมมอง 423 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we go over the mechanism for the sugar synthesis, known as the Fischer-Kiliani reaction. The mechanism consists of three separate reactions that happen in sequence. The first one is cyanohydrin formation; the second one is imine reduction; and the third one is hydrolysis.
Lec10 - Oxidation of Aldose Sugars to Aldonic and Aldaric Acids
มุมมอง 973 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we talk about the oxidize the aldehyde component of the open chain aldose sugar into a carboxylic acid. These types of sugars are known as aldonic acids. Then, we proceed to show the mechanism of oxidation. A second oxidation reaction is also described, namely the treatment of aldose sugars with dilute nitric acid to oxidize both extremes of the sugar chain. A tentative mechanisti...
Lec10 - Reduction of Sugars to Alditols
มุมมอง 503 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video I go over the reaction and mechanism of sugar reduction, using sodium borohydride. The resulting reduced products, are associated (name-wise) with the aldose sugar they are derived from, even if the original sugar was a ketose.
Lec10 - Alkylation and Acetylation of Sugars
มุมมอง 613 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video we go over the full alkylation of the alcohol components of a pyranose sugar using alkyl halide and silver oxide, as a base, and we go over its mechanism. Likewise, the full acetylation of a pyranose sugar with acetic anhydride, in the presence of pyridine is shown, along with its mechanism. The final reaction is the hemiacetal to acetal conversion of the anomeric carbon, under ac...
Lec10 - The Haworth Projection and Chair Conformation of Sugars
มุมมอง 453 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this video I describe how to derive the six-member and five-member Haworth projection of ketose sugars. Then, I proceed to show how to properly draw the chair and envelope conformations of the pyranose and furanose rings, respectively.
Lec10 - The Haworth Projection of Aldose Sugars
มุมมอง 343 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec10 - The Haworth Projection of Aldose Sugars
Lec10 - Fischer Projection of Ketose Sugars
มุมมอง 223 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec10 - Fischer Projection of Ketose Sugars
Lec10 - The Fischer Projection of Glyceraldehyde
มุมมอง 533 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec10 - The Fischer Projection of Glyceraldehyde
Lec9 - Diazonium Salts, Nitrosoamines and Diazo Compounds
มุมมอง 523 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec9 - Diazonium Salts, Nitrosoamines and Diazo Compounds
Lec9 - Synthesis of Amines from Amides
มุมมอง 533 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec9 - Synthesis of Amines from Amides
Lec9 - Azide and Nitrile Preparation of Primary Amines
มุมมอง 833 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec9 - Azide and Nitrile Preparation of Primary Amines
Lec9 - Gabriel Synthesis of Primary Amines
มุมมอง 453 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec9 - Gabriel Synthesis of Primary Amines
Lec9 - Amine and Ammonium Ion Nomenclature
มุมมอง 703 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec9 - Amine and Ammonium Ion Nomenclature
Lec8 - Other Michael Addition Reactions and the Stork Enamine Synthesis
มุมมอง 474 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec8 - Other Michael Addition Reactions and the Stork Enamine Synthesis
Lec8 - The Michael Addition and the Robinson Annulation
มุมมอง 474 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lec8 - The Michael Addition and the Robinson Annulation
Hi professor, do you have an order to watch your videos in? Very enjoyable!
Hi Tom, yes I do. If you click on "Playlists" and then select the topic you are interested in, it will show you the videos in the exact order that I intended for you to watch. Hope you like the content.
i finally know the difference between heat and enthalpy ahahaha
Awesome! Glad the video was helpful to you.
Thankyou for the video it helped me as I prepare for exam
Thank you for watching and I am glad the video was useful to you. I hope the exam went well.
Thanks you! great video.
Thank you for the kind words. I am glad you found the video useful.
Thank you for clearing my doubt i m from India 🇮🇳
Thanks for watching the video and glad to hear that I was of help on the other side of the globe.
Thanks so much for the video! It really helped me understand the diaxial interactions after being stumped for quite sometime looking at my textbook
Really glad to hear that you found the video useful and thanks for watching and commenting.
*PromoSM* 😢
Thank you sooooo much!
I’m glad you found the video useful. Thanks for watching.
Is there any way to simply reduce a carboxylic group back to an alcohol or otherwise substitute it? At least without a hydride. Or a lot of heat.
The only way I can think of doing it is to first convert it to an acyl chloride and then react it with either a mild reducing agent (e. g. NaBH4, LiCuR2) to get to the alcohol or ketone. Alternatively, after conversion to an acyl chloride, you can reduce it to an aldehyde by using Li[HAl(O-tBu)3] at low temp.
Titanium is better ;)
That's what Sia and David Guetta would say 😂
@@aluminumchemist2586 try Bert Chandler and Lars Grabow my man 😂🎓
@@aluminumchemist2586 in all honesty thank you for the video. I’m trying to modify this equation for a high impact journal
is this for a class?
great video thank u so much 😘😍
Thank you. I’m glad you found the video useful.
How are these energies measured or derived? Is there a direct or linear correlation between temperature and energy of activation?
In 6:51 you assume that Cu2+ concentration is 1 M, but in all the references I could find it says you should assume 10^-6 M. ]Wouldn't that lower the line between Cu2+ and CuO?
Yes, that is correct. In essence, you will have to solve for the potential by plugging in the concentrations of H+ and Cu2+ directly into the original Nernst equation. I wouldn't recommend the pH derivation in that situation. Generally speaking, the lower the concentration of reactant, the lower the potential value. This means that the reactant oxidative power is diminished with lower concentration.
thank you so much for clearing this doubt . FROM INDIA
just helped me with an question i was stuck on for far too long haha thank you!
I'm very happy the video was of help to you and thanks for watching.
Learned a lot thank you :)
Thanks a lot. For some reason I didn't see your reply until today. Glad you found the video useful.
Thank You! I finally understand it now 😊
Good video. But could you explain why d7 or lower are less common to form square planar conplexes?
i have a suggestion for u if u cover jee mains and advance topics it will give u more students and also helps u🙃 and students also😅
Thank you for the suggestion. It is a work in progress for sure. In the near future I hope to start uploading the second part of O-Chem.
😋
very useful, thankyou for this🌞
Glad it was helpful! And thanks for commenting.
GREAT WORK SIR, THANK YOU SO MUCH 🙏🙏🙏🙏
Thank you for the kind comments and I am glad you found the video helpful.
Thank you for this video!
You are welcome. I am glad you found it useful.
Thank you ur da best choom
Thanks. I am glad u found the video useful.
Thanks a lot😊😊😊
You are very welcome. I'm glad you found the video useful.
at 4:05 we assumed concentrations of molecular oxygen and hydrogen to be one, does that only apply to gases and not the Hydrogen Ion?
❤شكرا جزيلا انا لدي امتحان اتمني ان انجح ❤لقد فهمتني ❤
tysm helped alot
Glad to be of help.
*Thankyou so much* ; I was so confused , how to calculate this before watching this video 😊
But values are different, like for chlorination are 1,3.8,5 And for bromination are 1,82,1600
@@anshahuja07 Thanks for letting me know. Generally, the values are used were obtained from experiments done in the 90's, so it is possible that those values have been updated since then. In any case, I'm glad you found the videos useful.
شكرا شرحك جميل 🤍👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Thanks for the visualization of the nodes!!!
You are welcome. I'm glad you found the material useful and on a funny note: it was node a problem 😄
@@aluminumchemist2586 😂
Excuse me sir , can I ask you which book do you use as your reference for your organic chemistry video?
Organic Chemistry by David Klein
@@aluminumchemist2586 thanks
Hi. Excellent...!!! What is the bibliographical source of the table of values of the electron affinity energies? Thanks.
I obtained all those values from Gary Wulfsberg's Inorganic Chemistry textbook. He himself got the values from 1) R. T. Myers, J. Chem. Educ., 1990, 67, 307. 2) R. G. Pearson, Inorg. Chem., 1991, 30, 2856. Thanks for commenting.
@@aluminumchemist2586 👍👍👍 The lessons on periodic properties have been productive and interesting. Thanks a lot.
@@marcoroman3245 Thank you so much. I really appreciate the feedback.
Thank you 🙏🏽
You are very welcome. I'm glad the video was helpful to you.
Oh thank you so much sir Its really very helpful video 🍁✨✨
You are very welcomed. I am glad you found the video useful.
Good job
Thanks. Glad you liked the video.
How we find oxidation state of indole
If what you are asking is how to get the oxidation state of each carbon in insole, then you do the same procedure as presented in the video. On the other hand, if you are comparing insole to another derivative then you have to determine whether or not the derivative has electron-withdrawing groups (oxidized) or electron-donating groups ( reduced). I hope that helps.
Oxidation state of indole
Thanks. Great video.
need explanation for iron pourbiax diaram please sir
Relative rate and reactivity ratio is different
Basically, the oxidation state(s) of Eu displays amphoteric behaviors shows 3+ to 2+, is that right?
Hi Lance, I wouldn't refer to it as being amphoteric, as that implies both acidic and basic behavior. The fact that Eu changes from 3+ to 2+ simply points out that the metal has redox properties. I hope that helps.
ρɾσɱσʂɱ
Thank you soo much 😍😍😍
It was a great reference! Cheers.
Thank you. Cheers!
great job
Thanks 🙏 better than my doctor 😎
Very glad that you found the video useful.
Thank you sir
Glad to be of help.
thank you for this!!
You are very welcome. I'm glad you found the video useful.