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Biochar EXPERT with 15 Years Experience Shares Top Tips for Success!
มุมมอง 1.4Kวันที่ผ่านมา
Biochar EXPERT with 15 Years Experience Shares Top Tips for Success!
Becoming Effective Change Agents
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Becoming Effective Change Agents
Discover the POWER of Permaculture!
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In 2024, the Board of The Permaculture Institute of North America (PINA) and The Association for Regenerative Culture (ARC) met in Michigan to plan our work in 2025 and beyond. These are some of the results.
Profit the Land and Landowner
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Profit the Land and Landowner
Making Money with Local Trees
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Learn how a nursery program can supply local trees and make you money.
The Dungeon Master's Guide to Permaculture
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Taking years of Dungeon Master experience and turning it into books for Permaculture. This is the process Eric Toensmeier has taken to be one of Permaculture's top authors.
A Living Design Process
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A Living Design Process
Succeed with Small Scale Biogas
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Learn how to turn household waste into cooking fuel and gas for your water heater. Save money and the environment at the same time.
Permaganic Authenticated: A Permaculture Farm Certification Program
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Learn about the New Permaculture Farm Certification idea and why it's a GOOD idea.
Digital Permaculture Design
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Designing a life of Permaculture Design as an online entrepreneur. This video will dive into the experiences of two designers, Cormac Harkin and Mike Jones. There's a lot we can learn from each other, this video will be one of these ways.
Creating a Polewood Economy
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The Role of Land Trusts In Permaculture
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The Role of Land Trusts In Permaculture
Perennial Polycultures That Work
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Growing Up with David Holmgren & Su Dennet, Permaculture Pioneers
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An Ancient Farmers Alamanac!!
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New Water Gnosis Highlight Reel
Pawpaw: An Edible Landscape All Star
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Pawpaw: An Edible Landscape All Star
Permaculture Orchards in Schools
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Permaculture is About People
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Permaculture's Early Days Reflections and Musings of Larry Santoyo
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Permaculture's Early Days Reflections and Musings of Larry Santoyo
180 Hours or Permaculture Immersion
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180 Hours or Permaculture Immersion
Bill Mollison's Impact on The Permaculture Movement
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Bill Mollison's Impact on The Permaculture Movement
The Co Founder of Permaculture in a Pickel Barrel
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The Co Founder of Permaculture in a Pickel Barrel
The Personal Impact of Permaculture
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The Personal Impact of Permaculture
Using Permaculture for Regional Design
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Using Permaculture for Regional Design
The 3 Pillars of Carbon
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The 3 Pillars of Carbon
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Bond A Carbon App for Professionals
Getting Started in Permaculture
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Getting Started in Permaculture

ความคิดเห็น

  • @portlime
    @portlime 9 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    Incredible

  • @BluBeatle
    @BluBeatle 3 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thanks for sharing , Polewood for crafting.

  • @Cringeosaurus
    @Cringeosaurus 6 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I think at some point the decision has to be weighed whether people want to make a lot of money doing this or just give the information needed to heal the planet without expecting to make a lot of money off of it. From my perspective, not being a privileged person, it seems like a lot of permaculture information, design, and education is behind a pay wall that is inaccessible to a lot of people who would actually be willing to put the work in. Just an observation from someone who has had to do all the information gathering, action, and implementation without coming from a background of financial privilege.

  • @EK1626
    @EK1626 6 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I liked what he said to get the information out so it can be better for everyone!

  • @RickLarsonPermacultureDesigner
    @RickLarsonPermacultureDesigner 8 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Amazing to me in m y early learning how much food a garden bed can grow like those lettuce beds.

  • @thatguychris5654
    @thatguychris5654 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    ⚠️ WARNING: when adding manure, food scraps or human excrement, be aware of the chemical danger that could end up in your fertilizer if you source materials from the outside! - Food scraps, usualy have residues of herbicides and pesticides and can contain microplastics from packaging. - Manure, many cattle and horses are fed hay sprayed with GrazeOn, a persistant chemical that kills everything but grass. This goes thru the animals, into their manure and persists thru the biodigester. - Human excrement, beware of PFAS forever chemicals that are often present. Also have to contend with antibiotics, hormones, other medications etc that lingers in the waste and doesnt breakdown in the digester. Know your source!!!

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

      So where do you get clean sources these days, with scientific studies saying there is not a single drop of rain on earth that does not contain any forever chemicals?

  • @thatguychris5654
    @thatguychris5654 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Local currencies have a long history, but it is in modern times that they became colorful notes reminiscent of gift certificates and are more of a community morale currency. If you want to make a small community resilient against a federal currency collapse, you back the local currency with something. If gold and silver are impractical, use what they did historically, honey. This honey money was backed by a shelf stable, tangible good that was useful for many things. Careful not to call it money, legal tender or currency, or the Feds will be upon you. Another way could be hyper fractionalized gold in the form of Goldbacks.

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Agreed, Money can't just be paper, it needs to be back by something of value. I love the honey idea, a new form of gold backed currency!!

  • @thatguychris5654
    @thatguychris5654 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    As a hobby colliar of 20+ years I must chime in here and geek it up: - WARNING, nothing in this video shows biochar, everything is actually raw charcoal. - Biochar is technically charcoal colonized by microbial life and absorbed full of nutrients and water. - Adding raw charcoal directly to soil will rob the soil of nutrients before it becomes beneficial in any way. - Add compost, manure and/or urine to charcoal BEFORE putting into it to soil. - The seed sprouts shown growing is a fluke because they are indeed benefiting from the moisture, but come back a month later and see how poorly they develop because of the raw charcoal stealing nutrients from the soil at first. - The easiest way to make charcoal is by digging a pit, getting a hot fire going at the bottom, them slowly adding layers of feed stock. As the top layer burns about half way, add more stock. At the end add tiny pieces to burn and cap off the pile. To save water, use the dirt you dug out to fully cover and smother the fire. Depending on size of pile, it will continue to cook for 1hr to 3 days without air. - Fun facts: - Charcoal buried in soil has been found to last over 1000 years. - 7 lbs of charcoal is the carbon equivalent to burning 1 gallon of gasoline. - You can char other things like cotton cloth and use it as a great fire starter next time. - Temperature is not crucial for any charcoal other than activated charcoal made for filtering/absorbing. - Colliar = charcoal maker - Before coal was found and used in colonial Pennsylvania, charcoal was made to use in the first iron furnaces. - You get denser and larger quantities of charcoal when using hardwood versus softwood. - You can make a still to capture the gases during the charcoal process. After diverting the moisture away, you condense the rest into methanol liquid (fuel) and tar (great for anti-rot treating lumber in ground, but carcinogenic like most modern treatments). - Charcoal is a key ingredient for Terra Preta. Adding fired clay (terracotta) and manure creates a pit of fertility that last many generations. - Biochar only works because of its immense surface area (a grape size nugget is about a football field worth). These coal chunks become sponges for water and nutrients, and apartments for microbes. Bacteria and fungi thrive here and interact with plant roots boosting growth beyond what just fertilizer can do. I've even had chunks left on the surface and tiny spiders move into some of the larger holes. Small life LOVES biochar! - Old school pitch glue was made with melted pine resin and charcoal. It's one of the strongest natural adhesives. If you believe in the carbon pollution issue, make charcoal. If you want richer soils, make charcoal. If you need filters for air, water or GI track, make charcoal. If you want clean, no-chemical cooking briquettes, make charcoal. If you want something to draw with, make charcoal. So....just go make some charcoal lol!

    • @tcoxor52
      @tcoxor52 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Water saved if you use the soil capping method, but quenching with water has significant benefit as well as the sudden and dramatic change in temperature and the massive amount of steam generated has shown that it actually causes the biochar to become more porous, thus increasing it’s surface area even further.

    • @thatguychris5654
      @thatguychris5654 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @tcoxor52 this is true. I was just mentioning an alternative if water is scarce.

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Great comment, thanks for the addition to the discussion!

  • @thatguychris5654
    @thatguychris5654 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    You are NOT limited to wood to make biochar! Other examples are bamboo, leaves, pinecones, corn stalks and cobs, hay bundles and so much more. Heck, you can make char-cloth to help light future fires too. Anything that is mostly carbon can be turned to char.

  • @MoilBoil
    @MoilBoil 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

    can the process of making bio char release carbon into the air? Could it be bad for the climate if everybody did it?

    • @thatguychris5654
      @thatguychris5654 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Carbon gets released by burning and decomposition. If we do nothing, the carbon level will be the same. By making charcoal and burying it, we lock that carbon up and remove it out of circulation for over 1000 years.

    • @tcoxor52
      @tcoxor52 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      It does release some carbon during the process, but the overall net gain is carbon sequestration. If the same fuel material (say a barrel of wood chips) was to be used as mulch or added to a compost pile and just left to slowly decay, eventually some of the carbon from from that will be sequestered by mycorrhizal fungi and other soil microorganisms for their functioning. But a much larger percentage will be lost to off-gassing as the carbon source slowly decays over years or decades. By converting that same carbon source to biochar through pyrolysis, you are burning off trapped gases and a small percentage will be lost to ash, but a much larger percentage is conserved as pure carbon that is then incorporated back into the soil and has been shown to remain for at least a few hundred years, some say possibly as long as even a thousand years or more. So yes, some CO2 is released, but numerous studies have shown that if burned properly, a far greater percentage of carbon is conserved compared to just allowing the fuel source to decay through natural processes.

  • @marker113
    @marker113 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I've done this a few times in a pit, definitely very labor intensive. Once you have all the material to be burned staged nearby, just start adding into the fire before the previous material is in its last third of the burn. Add enough so the last layer gets smothered and the new fuel starts. Took me about an hour or two of constant attention, but got lots of char. Great video!

  • @HoboGardenerBen
    @HoboGardenerBen 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Biochar makes no sense to, too energy\time intensive. Prescribed burns make sense, but not spending time and energy cutting\gathering biomass just to burn it up. Jean Pain's systemof chipping and gaining heat from the pile to keep grow beds warm in a greenhouse all winter is a much more advanced system. More yields for the same amount of work.

    • @tcoxor52
      @tcoxor52 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      It’s not just being burned up to ash though. You are creating a carbon sequestration stream that has immense benefit to soil structure and health. Just using wood chips as mulch (also important) or in a compost pile for creating a greenhouse heating system does not do the same as biochar. As that mulch or compost pile decays over time, a large percentage of the carbon is lost to the atmosphere through off-gassing.

    • @HoboGardenerBen
      @HoboGardenerBen 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @tcoxor52 Can't we sequester carbon in living systems without needing to expend all the energy of fire? That's the part that doesn't compute for me, super energy intensive. Carbon sequestration is about shifting the way the planet holds heat. How does it make sense to release a bunch of heat in the process of doing that? I have heard the soil building aspect is legit though, I do have to give that part credit, it is a very nice ammendment. I think it's energy audit wouldn't make sense to scale up for being a huge part of sequestration though. We gotta regrow wastelands, change albedo from surface area coverage, slow the carbon cycles in complex dance of ecosystems, not strong broad industrial strokes like making coal.

    • @truthonly7699
      @truthonly7699 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @@HoboGardenerBen we have been lied to about greenhouse gases and global warming. research climate control, climate modification patents, trillion watt laser to heat up ionosphere, etc

    • @tcoxor52
      @tcoxor52 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @ Absolutely, of course we can. In fact sequestering carbon via living plants, trees, and mycelial networks is the number one sink of carbon we should all be striving for and stewarding. And I don’t think anyone in the biochar advocacy community is suggesting we should be cutting down trees and killing plants just so we can produce biochar. But natural senescence is always going to be part of a living ecosystem, so why not use those resources to our greatest advantage. Within my system (part managed Syntropic food forest/garden, part native forest) I obtain a lot of biomass from dropped limbs, deadfall, pruning of orchard trees as well as support species, and from woodier annuals (corn, grain sorghum, giant miscanthus, and sunflower stalks) and perennial shrubs, bushes, and flowers on an annual basis. So, while some of that debris and biomass is left in place as chop and drop mulch or used as a carbon input in compost production, or wood chips (from larger deadfall) the vast majority of it is turned into biochar.

    • @tcoxor52
      @tcoxor52 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @ Also, while producing biochar is energy intensive in the short term, it actually conserves more energy loss in the long term. Again, you release some carbon via the process of burning, but ultimately it is a net gain of lost carbon that will remain stable and sequestered for centuries as opposed to a much larger loss of carbon via off-gassing over the span of years through natural decay.

  • @swabhimanexplores
    @swabhimanexplores 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Why not post the full interview over here on TH-cam?

    • @Cringeosaurus
      @Cringeosaurus 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

      They did, this is a clip from a previous conversation.

    • @swabhimanexplores
      @swabhimanexplores 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @Cringeosaurus Could you link the full interview here please?

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Normally the full interviews go behind the vault after a certain amount of time, available to PINA members only, but we want to spread the info, so here's the link to the full interview with Kelpie: th-cam.com/users/live-OXio_sajuU?feature=share Think about becoming a member to PINA though to support our work, together we'll turn Permaculture into a movement!!

  • @adrianhodgson4448
    @adrianhodgson4448 19 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Great presentation, thanks jesse and kelpie. Id love to know more about how to crush or grind homemade biochar.. i don't have a machine, so wondered if there are any clever tricks to do this (with available or easily acquirable/non specialized supplies)

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

      I asked Kelpie, and lookie here, she wrote a whole dang blog post about it! wilsonbiochar.com/blog/f/new-practice-guideline-how-to-crush-char

  • @melisboregard
    @melisboregard 20 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Interesting topic. Is there any easy to digest how-to-guides for this kind of community projects, local currency making etc? I find it hard to know were to start.

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 20 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Try the book The Regeneration Handbook by the speaker, Don Hall.

  • @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet
    @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet 20 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Saved to my most important playlist, thank you 🤝

  • @TheRoon4660
    @TheRoon4660 21 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I do not watch videos that are so amateur that they play noise behind their narrators. Play your ghastly music in the lulls.

  • @Nadine----
    @Nadine---- 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

    They are blaming nature for what they have destroyed for profit.

  • @RickLarsonPermacultureDesigner
    @RickLarsonPermacultureDesigner 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Participating in a PDC will make one more aware of their position on this earth; more so than even the most decorated university graduate.

  • @susandoerr3896
    @susandoerr3896 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

    getting close to nature and the ground is healthy and fun.

  • @SouthWestIron
    @SouthWestIron 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Wondering if Yuapon can be utilized like this.

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Itʻs more of a shrub but there should be no reason why not, youʻll just get smaller branches

  • @InAJamAgain
    @InAJamAgain 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Live fence, coppiced top, could be a good privacy fence haha

  • @lola-BBD
    @lola-BBD หลายเดือนก่อน

    Bought a GX commercial big Bear log hog BBC82. Processed upto 5”dai into 5”-11” chunk wood and bags it. Had an acre cleared, skidsteer operator took logs for firewood for a pro rated price, $85/hr. Left with a huge burn pile that needs to be processed.

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Managing the forest does take work, perhaps thereʻs a better way?

  • @elladailylife
    @elladailylife หลายเดือนก่อน

    It is amazing to see how much food one small garden can produce

  • @bertanelson8062
    @bertanelson8062 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Long live permaculture. Will someone please introduce it to China? From there perhaps Chinese will spread it to Africa & beyond.

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na หลายเดือนก่อน

      China is a big country and surely permaculture has already been introduced there. In fact, one of the largest regenerative projects on Earth was the rehabilitation of the Loess Plateau. An area the size of Belgium was replanted with trees, terraces, and working with farmers to essentially apply permaculture at a massive scale! Check it out if you haven't! Permaculture is well ensconced in Africa with many great teachers working their in a humanitarian settings, as well as teaching PDC's to locals. Permaculture is truly - everywhere.

  • @b_uppy
    @b_uppy หลายเดือนก่อน

    Love all the touch points covered including improved water quality and reduced flooding effects.

  • @sajithomas2158
    @sajithomas2158 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Although the problems of the world are so complex, the solution is very simple. Bill Mollison.

  • @paulnovak833
    @paulnovak833 หลายเดือนก่อน

    2015 prices😢

  • @samuelbrown657
    @samuelbrown657 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I want to do this work with you guys how do I connect with you?

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na หลายเดือนก่อน

      Sounds great. You can become a PINA member at pina.in/membership/ or if you want to chat email me (Jesse) at programs@pina.in Hope to hear from you one way or the other soon.

  • @samuelbrown657
    @samuelbrown657 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I want to do this work with you guys how do I connect with you?

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Go to Pina.in and you can find out how to become a member, rates are pretty low and if you want to collabe with us we make it really easy, All you have to do is reach out.

  • @utubemouse
    @utubemouse หลายเดือนก่อน

    ✅🌱

  • @therationallion
    @therationallion หลายเดือนก่อน

    PSA, if you're looking for the actual book, you have to spell the title just as its written on the totally real and not AI generated book cover: "The Dungeon Master's Guide to Permacwlttire"

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na หลายเดือนก่อน

      Yeah AI is weird. I typed in permaculture spelled correctly and this is what they came up with?! But also, there is no book titled that. Eric has written many amazing books including Edible Forest Gardens, Perennial Vegetables, Paradise Lot, and more! Check em out!

  • @frankstrie3214
    @frankstrie3214 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Fantastic work and productive fun! Thanks Kelpie and PINA for sharing this conversation with people around the world. "Think Global & Act Glocal" It works.

  • @mumbairay
    @mumbairay หลายเดือนก่อน

    🇺🇦🌲🌳

  • @jamesalanstephensmith7930
    @jamesalanstephensmith7930 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great stuff

  • @Whoisemmanuel
    @Whoisemmanuel หลายเดือนก่อน

    Is this the full video or is there a full version somewhere else?

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na หลายเดือนก่อน

      There is a full version here: th-cam.com/users/liveIX-68vVNTg0?feature=share

  • @diego1602
    @diego1602 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very insightful! Ciao from italy!

  • @pascalxus
    @pascalxus หลายเดือนก่อน

    i like the idea of that self heating greenhouse in the winter. great for citrus?

  • @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet
    @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet หลายเดือนก่อน

    No actual tree's mentioned. So I'll assume one must pay for specific tree names and then again for 'how to' instructions, then pay again for the trees. Let me know if i got it right. Jewtube hides replies often so please check in NEWEST.

    • @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet
      @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet หลายเดือนก่อน

      And no mention of what specific climates are necessary, hmm. No convenient links either.

    • @josephcondiaz
      @josephcondiaz หลายเดือนก่อน

      I suggest looking up local tree nurseries in your area, look around to see what fruit trees are selling. If they have reviews, even better. The cheapest trees are likely the ones that grow fairly easily in your area. The most expensive are the ones with the highest demand which can mean it’s expensive to procure or they are simply the most popular. I consider it competitive research, just like any other business would do. Hope this helps :)

    • @josephcondiaz
      @josephcondiaz หลายเดือนก่อน

      8:31 some trees are mentioned 👍

    • @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet
      @TheNicestAssholeYouWillNvrMeet หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@josephcondiaz Thanks, I'm well informed and off grid living the solutions to humanities demise.

  • @Extremealgarve1
    @Extremealgarve1 หลายเดือนก่อน

    All my comments keep getting deleted. The people are Ernst Gotsch, Charles Dowding, Bill from Perma pastures farm, The bowler hat farmer, off grid with Doug and stacy to name a few. th-cam.com/video/qlUSEOBcRWI/w-d-xo.html

  • @Extremealgarve1
    @Extremealgarve1 หลายเดือนก่อน

    All my comments keep getting deleted. The people are Ernst Gotsch, Charles Dowding, Bill from Perma pastures farm, The bowler hat farmer, off grid with Doug and stacy to name a few. th-cam.com/video/qlUSEOBcRWI/w-d-xo.html

  • @CairnOfDunnCroftPermaculture
    @CairnOfDunnCroftPermaculture หลายเดือนก่อน

    Fantastic, I really enjoyed that. Biochar is fascinating.

  • @johnbaker1256
    @johnbaker1256 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Pollard instead of coppicing, then run stock underneath. Beef under trees.

  • @erwinbrubacker7488
    @erwinbrubacker7488 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Climate change, really !

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na หลายเดือนก่อน

      How about climate engineering? Is that better? We are flexible about the complexity of reality. There are many factors contributing to ecosystems function and disfunction. There are some who believe there are larger cycles on earth that are not being incorporating into the mainstream Climate Change narrative. The main thing is we in permaculture have resilience designs that work everywhere on earth, and help buffer (or rebuild stronger) against man-made and natural disasters. Some people use Climate Change as a short hand for ecological destruction, others think it's all made up. Either way, permaculture when applied improves ecological function. Thanks for the comment!

  • @Extremealgarve1
    @Extremealgarve1 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I have almost all of Erics books. The one thing that he (at least Ive never seen) and many farmers, gardeners etc are now talking about it is the real reason for climate change ie geoengineering. I understand this is a subject where people lose the ability to receive money from youtube. We need more big names talking about this. We have many already but we need all to bring this crime to the masses.

    • @permaculture_institute_na
      @permaculture_institute_na หลายเดือนก่อน

      We don't really receive money from TH-cam so perhaps there will be more on that topic in the future, have any guests in mind?

    • @Extremealgarve1
      @Extremealgarve1 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@permaculture_institute_na well Ernst Gotsch has mentioned it but he seems to have disappeared in the last few years. Charles Dowding isn't afraid to talk about it. Ive seen many videos of farmers in the UK talking about how they now use a deep mulch to stop the heavy metals from affecting the soil but they aren't "well known" as you'd have it. The Bowler hat farmer maybe is more well known of the British farmers. Not a farmer but RFK junior is aware of them and talks about stopping them. He also is an advocate for soil regeneration. It would be amazing to make this info more widespread as it seems many people are still somehow sceptical. I myself have done videos on this subject and my TH-cam channel got taken down- (I had a channel on syntropic agroforestry - which I practice on small scale.)Here in Portugal they spray whenever rain is forecast to destroy cloud formation and any subsequent rain.

    • @Extremealgarve1
      @Extremealgarve1 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Bill as well th-cam.com/video/qlUSEOBcRWI/w-d-xo.html

    • @Extremealgarve1
      @Extremealgarve1 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@permaculture_institute_na they keep deleting all my comments

    • @Extremealgarve1
      @Extremealgarve1 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@permaculture_institute_na all my comments get deleted