METALS AND NON METALS || CLASS 10th chapter 3 CHEMISTRY || MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ONE SHOT VIDEO
In Class 10 science, the chapter on "Metals and Non-Metals" covers the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals, their reactivity, and various reactions they undergo. Here’s a summary of key points:
### Physical Properties
**Metals:**
1. **Luster:** Shiny appearance.
2. **Hardness:** Generally hard, though some (like sodium and potassium) are soft.
3. **Malleability:** Can be hammered into thin sheets.
4. **Ductility:** Can be drawn into wires.
5. **Conductivity:** Good conductors of heat and electricity.
6. **Density:** High density.
7. **Melting and Boiling Points:** High melting and boiling points.
**Non-Metals:**
1. **Luster:** Dull appearance.
2. **Hardness:** Generally brittle in solid state.
3. **Malleability and Ductility:** Neither malleable nor ductile.
4. **Conductivity:** Poor conductors of heat and electricity (except graphite, a form of carbon).
5. **Density:** Low density.
6. **Melting and Boiling Points:** Generally low melting and boiling points.
### Chemical Properties
**Metals:**
1. **Reaction with Oxygen:** Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides (e.g., 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O).
2. **Reaction with Water:** Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas (e.g., 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂).
3. **Reaction with Acids:** Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen gas (e.g., Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂).
4. **Reaction with Bases:** Some metals react with bases to produce hydrogen gas.
**Non-Metals:**
1. **Reaction with Oxygen:** Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metal oxides (e.g., C + O₂ → CO₂).
2. **Reaction with Water:** Non-metals generally do not react with water.
3. **Reaction with Acids:** Non-metals do not react with acids.
4. **Reaction with Bases:** Non-metals react with bases to form salts.
### Uses
**Metals:**
- **Construction:** Iron and steel for buildings and infrastructure.
- **Electrical Wiring:** Copper for electrical cables.
- **Jewelry:** Gold and silver for ornaments.
- **Machinery:** Aluminum and other metals for machines and vehicles.
**Non-Metals:**
- **Insulation:** Sulfur and phosphorus in fertilizers and pesticides.
- **Medicine:** Iodine as an antiseptic.
- **Water Purification:** Chlorine for disinfecting water.
- **Carbon:** Used in the form of graphite for pencils, and as a fuel (coal).
### Alloys
**Metals form alloys** to enhance their properties. Examples include:
- **Steel:** Alloy of iron and carbon.
- **Brass:** Alloy of copper and zinc.
- **Bronze:** Alloy of copper and tin.
### Reactivity Series
The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity. The most reactive metals are at the top, and the least reactive are at the bottom:
- **Highly Reactive:** Potassium, Sodium, Calcium.
- **Moderately Reactive:** Magnesium, Aluminum, Zinc, Iron.
- **Least Reactive:** Copper, Silver, Gold.
### Extraction of Metals
1. **Ores:** Naturally occurring minerals from which metals can be extracted.
2. **Steps in Extraction:**
- **Concentration of Ore:** Removing impurities.
- **Reduction:** Converting ore into metal using heat or chemical reactions.
- **Refining:** Purifying the metal.
This overview encapsulates the fundamental concepts of metals and non-metals for Class 10. If you have specific questions or need more details on a particular topic, feel free to ask!
Sure, here are the important questions from the "Metals and Non-Metals" topic without solutions:
### Physical and Chemical Properties
1. What are the physical properties of metals and non-metals?
2. Describe the chemical properties of metals.
3. Explain the chemical properties of non-metals.
### Reactions and Uses
4. What happens when metals react with oxygen? Give an example.
5. How do metals react with water? Provide an example.
6. Describe the reaction of metals with acids. Give an example.
7. How do non-metals react with oxygen? Provide an example.
8. What are the uses of metals and non-metals in daily life?
### Reactivity and Extraction
9. What is the reactivity series of metals and what is its significance?
10. How are metals extracted from their ores? Describe the steps involved.
### Alloys and Compounds
11. What is an alloy? Give examples and their uses.
12. Why are ionic compounds generally solid and have high melting and boiling points?
### Comparison
13. Compare and contrast the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals.
14. Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity while non-metals are not.
### Practical Applications
15. What is corrosion? How can it be prevented?
16. Explain the importance of recycling metals.