A multiplexer (MUX) is a digital circuit that selects one of several input signals and forwards it to a single output, functioning like a switch that connects multiple inputs to one output based on control signals. It has multiple data inputs (such as 2, 4, 8, or 16), with a set of control lines that determine which input is passed to the output. The number of control lines required depends on the number of inputs (e.g., 2 control lines for 4 inputs, 3 for 8 inputs). For instance, in a 4-to-1 multiplexer, 4 inputs, 2 control lines, and 1 output are used, with the control lines selecting which input is transmitted to the output.
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