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Thank you for the comment. Actually, I have never had any emergency incidents with end ferrules. Indeed, some circuit breakers have quite reliable terminals. However, with a ferrules, the flexible wire is securely compressed and doesn't spread out. Where in the video do you see heating in this area? Which exact second? The wire near the terminals is cooler than in the middle at the end of each test. Perhaps you are confusing the color (the yellow color on the terminal inside the range, while the hottest spots are white or pinkish).

Thank you for your comment! Indeed, when calculating the parameters of a long cable, it is important to consider voltage drops to ensure that the electrical consumer (electrical device) receives voltage within the normal range. In some cases, even if the cable can handle a higher current (in terms of heating), it is necessary to choose a cable with a larger cross-section.

Thanks for comment! It's more interesting to place the wire in a Mojito cocktail.

I agree. In the video, I tested a prolonged current with adequate insulation heating.

Thanks for the comment! I share your opinion. In my tests, I intentionally apply an overcurrent to better understand the dependencies between the parameters. Also, a short-term overcurrent is possible until the protective circuit breaker trips. Usually, I use flexible 6 mm² wires for assembling distribution boards with an input circuit breaker rated at 32 or 40A. With a 50A breaker overheating is more likely. More precise calculations are required, taking into account the number of other wires and the ambient temperature or inside box.

Hi, no. My test setup does not include varistors.

Interesting video. If you have a multimeter measure the voltage drop across the wire.

Yes, these are the simplest conditions for the wire. I’m also surprised that the wire in the air heats up so slowly. I plan to test the heating of wires and cables in other conditions.

Thanks for idea=)

@joeatkin6600 Thank you, my friend! I’m doing this because I want to better understand electrical and physical processes. It’s really nice to hear that you’ll be showing these videos to your apprentice. I have to admit, every new format or genre takes time because I’ll also be doing it for the first time! I need to take care of the materials, script, and filming. I also start with trial tests to evaluate how accurately I can convey the information. Sometimes challenges arise that require solutions or additional expenses. You’ve sparked a few new ideas, and I’m already working on some of them!

I recently wired up a brewery lots and lots of adult sized circuits, , all the cabling was either as per the regulations or oversized, and I was genuinely surprised but when the place is going full Tilt how warm some of the cable trays get. It's all 90 degree cabling so I'm quite happy with it, but even an old hand like myself was genuinely surprised

With a current of 10A, it’s almost unnoticeable, but with higher currents, you can see that there’s additional heating in the Wago.

Thank you for the comment. A single wire is more or less fine, but in a cable, the heating will be significantly higher.

@@ElectroTest_1 Not only in cable, but also with multiple wires together. It can dissipate heat better but also copper is overall closer together. For proper wire sizing you also need to take into account these values.

Some people eh you give them all the data all the proof and yet they shun away and keep making inferior connections. I find it funny how half of european electrical installations are solely build with Wagos yet you see no complaints. The other half is old installations that predate Wagos.

@alouisschafer7212 I service equipment that can be up 50-60 years old, I've seen failed plastics (though modern ones are better in general), even good plastics in bad conditions deteriorate, and can lose tension in case, that is why I won't trust any of these for kw+ loads, they just make no sense to me whatsoever for someone who wants a quick install and doesn't care what happens in 3, 5 or 8 years, sure, these are awesome

Thanks for comment!

tell that to poor ohm's law.

Thanks, good idea!

I will conduct tests at different currents to better understand the temperatures the contacts heat up to. Yes, it’s likely that Wago can handle 32A (it won’t melt, but it will heat up significantly). In my opinion, most electricians use it with currents of 10-20A and want to be sure that the heating temperature will be negligible.

For a single wire in the air, 16A is definitely suitable. But for a cable with a load on 2 or 3 cores, it’s not certain. There are other conditions.

​@@ElectroTest_1right. More like 13 Amps. (Or if not applicable then 10 Amps). But seems like if it's the only cable loaded at 16 Amps installed in air and not tied or bound with many other cables then it _should_ be fine anyway. Yes, electricity is a very complex thematic.

Thanks for the comment) I also hope that they can withstand 30A)

given that youtube has video evidence of them running 100 A, they surely will....

Thanks for specification data and your opinion! I would like to test the connection at higher temperatures.

Thank you for the detailed comment. I do the tests primarily to reduce debates about the heating of different connections under various conditions. Of course, for this I will need to conduct many tests. This is one of the main focuses of my channel. Regarding the ammeter - my test setup includes a more accurate one. I look first at the main ammeter, current clamps are for duplication. Yes, under these conditions the wire and clamp performed well. In the first comment, I mentioned that the wire is 1.5 mm².

I agree. Wago-221-4 can also connect 2.5 and 4mm2. The heating should be significantly lower!

Not so sure about the use in households...as far as I can tell, pretty much everything in our relatively new (2009) house is based on 1.5mm2.

@rolandrohde Of course, you can use 1.5 mm² for sockets. In this case, the load on the cable must not exceed the allowable limit, and it should be protected by an appropriate circuit breaker.

@@ElectroTest_1 well yeah...circuit breakers are all 16A here.

@rolandrohde According to the European standard, this is acceptable but on the edge. In addition, it is necessary to consider the specific situation.

Thank you for the comment. In the left video, the sensor is connected inside the Wago and touches the contact plate. The temperature there indeed reached 42-43 degrees. However, the external temperature of the plastic (what the thermal imager measures) is lower - around 36 degrees! That is, the difference between the internal and external temperatures in these conditions is about 7 degrees.

At least in US, there is an annoying distrust of wago’s. Glad to see stuff like this.

Not everyone trusts certificates. Besides, it is interesting to know how different parameters affect heating.

@@stazeII And I don't get it why, because the commonly used wire nuts are such a pain to use correctly, and also if you have to change the wiring, all your cables are messed up.... Especially DIY people should use Wago as IMHO they are easier to change and easier to use correctly.... Now I sit back and wait for the hate comments of the wire nut fanboys....

@ cause we’re stupidly stubborn sometimes. Cause “I had to use wire nuts, so should these damn kids”. And yeah, would think properly using wago (easy) is better than a poorly used wire nut.

@@stazeII yeah, cos they fear that the springs clamping force would be the culprit of their shacks burning down :) but horribly twisted solid core wire with a cone spring will be safer :D

ac or dc how many volts

You should do 2 more tests on 2.5 wire and 4 wire and see if you get the same temps with 16 amperes.

@kevin_huber_at alternative current

Maybe. I ordered a wire from China, I will check the difference between them when I have more time.

Thanks brother too:)

Ok, I already have such the video. Please leave your comment. th-cam.com/users/shortsLExwIpDoLH4

Thank you! It inspires me!

Good idea! I'll think about how to implement it. Maybe you can suggest something?

@ElectroTest_1 Just put it inside fully closed electrical box (small one). 60c is limit for pvc insulation. (id say around 15A in that scenario)

thanks for the detailed description, very interesting!

Thank you for the idea! These videos are in progress :). I also plan to run currents of 25 and 32 amps through 2.5mm² wire connections. What do you think, to what temperature will it heat up?

@@ElectroTest_1 I think a single 2,5mm² wire will not heat up to the melting point even with 32amps. I think it will top out around 70° Celsius. Could you try the tests with a 3G1,5 and a 3G2,5 cable? We would need two of the three cables under load to simulate real conditions in an real electrical circuit :)

@0commentarygaming I measure two temperatures of the connector-inside and outside. The temperature inside is quite high, but the temperature of the plastic under normal currents is not sufficient to cause melting. You mentioned 70 degrees. Do you mean the external temperature of the plastic? The specification includes a parameter for the temperature of continuous use, up to 105 degrees. In my opinion, this specifically refers to the external temperature of the plastic. This means the manufacturer allows fairly significant long-term heating. I haven't had time to conduct tests with 32A yet. I think the inside temperature will be around 80-100 degrees, while the outside temperature will range from 70 to 85 degrees.

@@ElectroTest_1 With 70 degrees I meant the 2,5mm² wire itself with 32A, measured outside on the insulation. For the Connector I think you are right with 80 to 100 inside, and 70 to 85 outside. It is interesting to see that the inside connector temperature is quite higher than the wire itself. Do you think that's because the plastic case is acting like a insulation and is lowering the heat dissipation?

@0commentarygaming I’ve noticed that too. In my opinion, the reason is entirely different. Wago 221 model is practical, convenient, and quite reliable. However, the connection is not perfect. I took the connector apart. The wire is clamped on both sides at two points. Unfortunately, the contact area is small. This is where additional heating occurs. Surprisingly, it’s minimal! (5-15 degrees).

Thank you for the comment! I’m an electrician, and I enjoy doing research and sharing my findings with others.

this is what a german electrician say use wago in his specification and you have no problems!

Thank you for the comment! I also use Wago. I'm curious how they will heat up under higher currents and with other types of wires.

The smell of burnt insulation is very sharp, and it makes you want to cough afterward.

Thanks for the good idea! I think the wires in a cable will heat up significantly more. I’m interested in making such a video soon. (full-screen video)

Very interesting, could you do the same for a 3G1.5mm² cable? On L and N 30a current, I am curious if it will melt the insulation.

Thanks for watching!