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Latvia!!!!!!! We was Kings and sheiit Hercogs Jēkabs -OG

0:16 wasn’t called Russia yet, it was the Tsardom of Muscovy, if you where to ask a person from that time where is Russia, they would say that “Russia is bordered by Poland to the west, Lithuania and Livonia to the north, and *Muscovy* to the east”[1], and that it split under the dominion of the Polish and Lithuanian monarchy [1]diary of Ambrogio Contarini 1473

To be precise, Kettler was a vasal of Lithuania. On the basis of the Treaty of Vilnius (28 November 1561), he created the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia as a vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and after the Union of Lublin Duchy of Courland and Semigallia became a condominium of Poland and Lithuania. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Kettler

Fascinating stuff 👍

Latvian Empire 😂😂😂😂😂 Latvian is a new made up new nationality

12:23 Some dork soviet archive manager just saw this medieval document that miraculasly survived to our day and ploped a triangular stamp along with pencil marks on the side....

Wasn't Courland a Germanic, rather than Latvian Baltic state though?

I'm a simple man The Livonian order is mentioned? I'll like and subscribe

0:02 "semigalia" meaning half "Gallus" half not.

interesting

In Poland we learn about it in school. Confederated lands were mentioned in the Constitution of May 3rd. But here it is more expanded.

Inb4 self hating people start talking about "muh slaves". Ethnic Latvians, and Estonians didn't do anything with colonies we were old school serfs: No voting rights No land ownership rights Only taxes Basically indentured servants, like during black Americans in post slavery era south. I need to constantly remind that Latvians didn't regain their rights until Kiev congress and 19th century abolishment of serfdom in Russian Empire

Excellent, relatively brief analysis, it is the first time I have seen something like that in English language. I do recommend it!

Labs video! 👍

Frankly impossible... :-) Good video

Amazing and very educational video about the history of the region!!

You forgot to mention Jacob Kettler's possessions in Norway near Eidsvoll. Apparently Latvian-speaking peasants were resettled there, leaving traces in the local population and their dialect.

I appreciate you using portraits where available. The trend towards AI is something that really annoys me!

Remember....normandy......skol.

Sweet standard schtick. So a bunch of nobs squabbling over nothing & land.

A history we won't get anywhere else. Thank you

45:07 While Duchy of Courland most probably traded slaves from Africa, as it was the profitable commodity at that time, it might be a different picture in terms of using slaves in Tobago, as Latvians in Courland were not exactly on equal terms with ruling caste of Germans and from the times of Livonia they were serfs - not much different from slaves. Hence the reason why hundreds of them were sent to Tobago and perished. Most probably the mutiny on ship was because they had realization that they were sent to somewhere from where they would not return. That clearly does not add to narrative that is chosen, though it is understandable, that slavery(of Africans) is the modern equivalent of curriculum of any smart and young individual to be successful in society(unless his skin is deemed to be too white and gender is giving to much male vibe), but I would hold on putting Duchy of Courland into the African slave owner category. Most probably the failures in establishing colonies on Tobago are because they simply did things different from others and not used African slaves because they had access to their own source of slaves at home - and for free, unlike African slaves that would be very expensive to own. Also, it makes no sense to claim that lack of militarization was one of the reasons for demise of Duchy, as it was in neighbourhood of largest European countries, that weapons would not matter. From what I remember one of the most profitable comodities for trade, that Courland offered was food items, for which serfs were exploited. Only few of peasants were able to buy themselves out of serfdom at that time.

13:00 Note on the map. While English sources show the map as it is in video, those spots of lands that Courland encircled was actually part of Courland either guarantees of loan or promised to Duke of Courland and in 17th century they finally became returned to Duchy. 20:15 The reservoir in this map did not exist at that time - it appeared as a result of building Riga HES only in 1974.

It is quite narrow setting of scene. It looks like a sloppy copy from wiki, though it could have been much better to set the scene by taking a look on bigger picture what was going on in Europe, where most of Europe was undergoing some kind of "European Union" process with Spanish Catholic king at the head of this "EU project", that at that time owned whole Europe - including Spanish Netherlands - not to mention that Spanish King at that time also owned most of the world. To be fair - official name of Livonia was Terra Mariana - it was *vassal state of Holy See* - in a direct subordination to Pope. And from this POV it was insulting that Popes vassal would become land of Protestants... and this is where the stage should have been set, as a result and total devastation of Livonia and even additional invasions by Muscovite raiding(!) forces comes into play. So in the end Livonia was destroyed(we do not know how much effort Vatican put in that result, but there is a suspicion that Vatican aided or supported invasion by Muscovites, who ignored Tatar invasion and continued(!) with invasion of Livonia, where in the end they were the only participants that had zero gains from this war(!)) and focus of Vatican from Terra Marianna "project" shifted to Respublica, where Lithuanian savage king(with Orthodox background) was offered hand and marriage and keys of Polish kingdom - after baptization of course.

but ketllers are germans

06:45 I'm very sorry to say but it is Serene Majesty

I'm a simple Lithuanian, when I see Latvia, I upvote! BrAAALUKS

Excellent Video! I've been reading up on the Huns recently, and they are a similar case. No writing survives from the Huns themselves, so historians have to rely on Roman sources, which are obviously a bit skewed. I'm excited to see more videos about the Goths!

Latvians are Latgalians and Couronians cant be latvians. Latgalians never worked on ships and never were sailors.

As a Latvian this makes me proud👍keep up the good work🇱🇻🇱🇻🇱🇻

As a Lithuanian it was nice learning about our fellows in the north!

Would have been awesome if there was an african or carribean country who speaks latvian.

The Russians were always the scourge of these lands. Both them and the Germans were always killing and looting our central and eastern European nations. It's good that finally they can't cross the border. I'm from Poland. 🇵🇱🇨🇿🇸🇰🇭🇺🇱🇹🇱🇻🇪🇪

Question: Did greeks use barbarian tribes as mercenaries and auxiliary units like the Roman's Republic and Empire did?

as a Doblen Resident i can testify that noone here remembers Matiass fon der Reke

descendants of Jacob Kettler are on all the throns of Europe today en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel

great video!

Nice video! I think you should mention the modern names of the cities. Most dont know the old german names of these cities. Like Dorpat - Tartu!

Nice vid

We love to say that Latvia technically had colonies. Well Jacob spoke latvian and maybe there were some latvians in the colonies, so might be some truth to that.

Nice!

King Carl Gustav is, of course, king of the Swedes and the Goths. My understanding has been that they originally come from what's now southern Sweden and they surely did not all migrate. If that's the case, some of my paternal ancestors must have been Goths but I don't speak the language

You didn't show the Frankish conquest of septimania and Provence

Having Dance of the Knights play for Mercantilism and then Ride of the Valkyries for Colonialism is just **Chef's Kiss**