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A New Machine Learning Method Applied to Seven Centuries of Wages by Meredith Paker | #QH Webinar
Economists are increasingly interested in the ‘very long run,’ yet research on the distant past has been hampered by the scarcity of economic data available for many centuries ago. Meredith Paker of Grinnell College and her co-authors introduce a new framework to peer into the past despite the scarcity of data in earlier periods. They use state-of-the-art machine learning predictive modeling methods and best-practice forecasting techniques to develop robust predictions of historical economic time series, treating the past as the prediction window. To demonstrate the usefulness of this new method, they apply this framework to the seven centuries of English wage data at the heart of debates on long-run living standards. Their new approach generates predictions with improved accuracy and generalizability compared to existing regression-based interpolations. This new long-run wage series deviates from established estimates with the largest variation at key points of economic and social change. In this Quantitative History Webinar, Meredith Paker will discuss the implications for our understanding of long-run economic development.
Meredith Paker's co-authors: Judy Stephenson (University College London) and Patrick Wallis (The London School of Economics and Political Science)
Discussant: Yuqi Chen, PhD candidate, Department of History, Peking University (will join the Centre of Quantitative History as a Postdoctoral Fellow in December 2024)
Quantitative History Webinar Series
Conveners: Zhiwu Chen & Chicheng Ma
© 2024 Centre for Quantitative History, HKU Business School and International Society for Quantitative History
Live on Zoom on Thursday, November 7, 2024
10:00 Hong Kong/Beijing/Singapore
11:00 Tokyo | 13:00 Sydney
18:00 PST | 20:00 CST | 21:00 EST on Wednesday, November 6
Follow QH | Quantitative History | An Area of Excellence
International Society for Quantitative History: quantitativehistory.org/
Centre for Quantitative History: www.cqh.hku.hk/
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#researchfindings #HistoricalStudies
#wages #livingstandard
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มุมมอง: 116

วีดีโอ

The Fate of the Taiping Rebellion by Nuno Palma (Manchester) | #QH Webinar Series
มุมมอง 146หลายเดือนก่อน
Title: The Fate of the Taiping Rebellion Speaker: Nuno Palma, Professor of Economics, University of Manchester Nuno Palma and his co-authors show, using a new dataset, that scholars educated in Confucian academies became a key force in the suppression of the Taiping. The civil service examinations system helped maintain political stability and associated rents by endowing elites with a stake in...
How China Became Chinese? Geography or Political Integration (中國如何成為以漢族為主的國家?) by Nan Li
มุมมอง 2475 หลายเดือนก่อน
The full title of Nan Li's presentation: How China Became Chinese? Geography or Political Integration (中國如何成為以漢族為主的國家?基於地理因素與政治整合的考察) Speaker: Nan Li 李楠教授, Professor of Economics, Fudan University Using the census data of China, Nan Li of Fudan University and his co-author analyze the current spatial geographical distribution of the Han nationality and the issue of ethnic identity and integrati...
Twilight of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy: Keju, Officeholding & Assortative Mating by Erik Wang
มุมมอง 1366 หลายเดือนก่อน
The full title of Erik H. Wang's presentation: Twilight of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy: Keju, Officeholding, and Assortative Mating in the Tang Speaker: Erik H. Wang Assistant Professor, Wilf Family Department of Politics, New York University Data from the distant past provide fertile ground for testing social science theories of education and social mobility. Erik H. Wang of the New York ...
Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Archaeological Study of Early China #QH
มุมมอง 1196 หลายเดือนก่อน
The full title of Min Li's presentation: Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Archaeological Study of Early China Speaker: Min Li, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles What are the major qualitative changes that marked the key thresholds in the emergence of early Chinese civilization? What are the sociocultural trends in the archaeological records th...
Celebrating Legacy: Intergenerational Reproduction & Human Capital in Ming-Qing Chinese Families #QH
มุมมอง 1606 หลายเดือนก่อน
The full title of Sijie Hu's presentation: Celebrating legacy: The intergenerational transmission of reproduction and human capital in Ming-Qing Chinese families Speaker: Sijie Hu, Assistant Professor of Economics, Renmin University of China In unified growth models, a key to achieving sustained economic growth is the evolving nexus between population dynamics and technological change. Sijie Hu...
Secular Decline in Modern China? Quantitative History Webinar | Dr. Ziang Liu | HKU Business School
มุมมอง 1386 หลายเดือนก่อน
The full title of Ziang Liu's presentation: Secular Decline in Modern China? Wage Evidence from Hydraulic Constructions and Rural Casual Work in Suzhou and Shanghai Ziang Liu, Post-doctoral Fellow, Centre for Quantitative History, HKU Business School Scholars have long debated whether the Chinese economy has been in a secular decline since the nineteenth century. During this Quantitative Histor...
Quantitative History Book Launch | The Population History of China (1368-1953) by Shuji Cao | Brill
มุมมอง 4307 หลายเดือนก่อน
Speaker: Shuji Cao 曹樹基教授, Honorary Professor, HK Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences New Release: The Population History of China (1368-1953) by Shuji Cao @BrillPublishing Find out more: brill.com/display/title/69014?language=en Download preliminary material: brill.com/downloadpdf/display/book/9789004688933/front-1.pdf Note: This talk was conducted in Mandarin Chinese. 0:03 Introduction ...
Going Native: Foreign Firms’ Responses to Domestic Boycotts by Cong Liu of Jinan University | #QH
มุมมอง 1577 หลายเดือนก่อน
Speaker: Cong Liu, Associate Professor of Economics, Institute for Economic and Social Research, Jinan University Cong Liu of Jinan University and her co-authors study foreign firms’ responses to boycotts, focusing on China’s widespread boycott against Japan following the Mukden Incident on September 18, 1931. Using newly digitized data on trademark registrations for 20,740 trademarks between 1...
Quantitative History Webinar - War and the Origins of Chinese Civilization by Zhiwu Chen
มุมมอง 6358 หลายเดือนก่อน
Speaker: Zhiwu Chen, Chair Professor of Finance, HKU Business School Archaeological discoveries since 1921 have established that complex societies, as represented by densely-populated walled cities, first arose in North China, not in the South, triggering the development of Chinese civilization. But it remains an open question as to what made the early cradles of civilization emerge. To answer ...
The Empire Project: Trade Policy in Interwar Canada | Kevin O'Rourke | NYU Abu Dhabi | #QH Webinar
มุมมอง 1148 หลายเดือนก่อน
Speaker: Kevin O'Rourke, Professor of Economics, NYU Abu Dhabi Kevin O’Rourke of NYU Abu Dhabi and team use a new dataset on the universe of Canadian imports and tariffs between 1924 and 1936, disaggregated into 1697 goods originating in 112 countries, to analyze the impact on Canadian imports of interwar Canadian trade policy, including the 1932 Ottawa trade agreements. Rather than use a dummy...
State Civilian Granary System & Price Stability, 1741-1856 by Andrew Sinclair, HKU Business School
มุมมอง 819 หลายเดือนก่อน
Full title: The State Civilian Granary System and Price Stability, 1741-1856 Speaker: Andrew J. Sinclair, Assistant Professor of Finance, HKU Business School Over the past several decades governments across the world have begun targeting price stability in financial markets. This is a stark contrast to the laissez-faire approach of the twentieth century and has few precedents in Western financi...
The Impact of the 1901 Land Title Deed Act on Bangkok’s Urban Land Market Jessica Vechbanyongratana
มุมมอง 1169 หลายเดือนก่อน
Speaker: Jessica Vechbanyongratana, Adjunct Researcher (formerly Associate Professor of Economics), Chulalongkorn University King Chulalongkorn adopted a Western land code in 1901 as a part of a defensive strategy against Western colonial ambitions in Siam. The enactment of the 1901 Land Title Deed Act converted traditional secure usufruct rights to fully transferable private property rights wi...
Fiscal Innovation and the Origins of Paper Currency in Song China (960-1276) Richard Von Glahn #UCLA
มุมมอง 33910 หลายเดือนก่อน
Speaker: Richard Von Glahn, Distinguished Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles Since the pioneering research of Japanese scholars in the 1920s the invention of paper currency in China in the eleventh century has long been regarded as a signal feature of China’s “medieval economic revolution,” marking the triumph of a market economy over the command economy of early imperi...
The Glorious Revolution That Wasn’t: Rural Elite Conflict and Demand for Democratization | M. Saleh
มุมมอง 173ปีที่แล้ว
Speaker: Mohamed Saleh, Associate Professor of Economic History, London School of Economics and Political Science Social conflict theory holds that democratization is most likely when an incumbent rural elite is challenged by a rising urban bourgeoisie. While this framework accounts for historical patterns of democratization in industrializing autocracies in the Global North, it is less well su...
Labor Coercion and Trade: Evidence from Colonial Indonesia | Mark Hup | Peking University | #QH
มุมมอง 104ปีที่แล้ว
Labor Coercion and Trade: Evidence from Colonial Indonesia | Mark Hup | Peking University | #QH
New Crops and Old States: Economic Productivity and State Capacity in Historical China | Clair Yang
มุมมอง 189ปีที่แล้ว
New Crops and Old States: Economic Productivity and State Capacity in Historical China | Clair Yang
Intergenerational Mobility of Daughters & Marital Sorting | Wolfgang Keller | UC Boulder
มุมมอง 235ปีที่แล้ว
Intergenerational Mobility of Daughters & Marital Sorting | Wolfgang Keller | UC Boulder
晚清徽州農工中的性別與身份--以黟縣汪氏賬簿為核心的研究 | 武漢大學經濟與管理學院彭凱翔教授 Kaixiang Peng | #quantitativehistory #QH
มุมมอง 225ปีที่แล้ว
晚清徽州農工中的性別與身份 以黟縣汪氏賬簿為核心的研究 | 武漢大學經濟與管理學院彭凱翔教授 Kaixiang Peng | #quantitativehistory #QH
Pre-modern Growth, Industrialization and Biological Living Standards of Japan and Korea, 1840-2023
มุมมอง 359ปีที่แล้ว
Pre-modern Growth, Industrialization and Biological Living Standards of Japan and Korea, 1840-2023
Conflict and Gender Norms: Evidence from India | Bishnupriya Gupta | Warwick | #quantitativehistory
มุมมอง 316ปีที่แล้ว
Conflict and Gender Norms: Evidence from India | Bishnupriya Gupta | Warwick | #quantitativehistory
Ideology & Economic Change: Contrasting Paths to Modern Economy in Late 19th Century China & Japan
มุมมอง 987ปีที่แล้ว
Ideology & Economic Change: Contrasting Paths to Modern Economy in Late 19th Century China & Japan
Ideas Mobilize People: The Diffusion of Communist Ideology in China | Ying Bai | #quantitativehistory
มุมมอง 495ปีที่แล้ว
Ideas Mobilize People: The Diffusion of Communist Ideology in China | Ying Bai | #quantitativehistory
The Uses (and Limitations) of Quantitative Prosopography for Tang and Song History | Nicolas Tackett
มุมมอง 272ปีที่แล้ว
The Uses (and Limitations) of Quantitative Prosopography for Tang and Song History | Nicolas Tackett
西周封國空間過程中的流域與區域 Basins and Regions in the Spatial Process of the Western Zhou Feudal States #QH
มุมมอง 244ปีที่แล้ว
西周封國空間過程中的流域與區域 Basins and Regions in the Spatial Process of the Western Zhou Feudal States #QH
An Evolutionary Approach to the History of Useful Knowledge | Joel Mokyr | #quantitativehistory #QH
มุมมอง 550ปีที่แล้ว
An Evolutionary Approach to the History of Useful Knowledge | Joel Mokyr | #quantitativehistory #QH
State Capacity, Security, and Welfare in the Ancient Middle East and China by Joerg Baten | #QH
มุมมอง 521ปีที่แล้ว
State Capacity, Security, and Welfare in the Ancient Middle East and China by Joerg Baten | #QH
Reform, Rails and Rice: Political Railroads and Local Development in Thailand | Christopher Paik #QH
มุมมอง 240ปีที่แล้ว
Reform, Rails and Rice: Political Railroads and Local Development in Thailand | Christopher Paik #QH
Herding, Warfare, and a Culture of Honor: Global Evidence | Benjamin Enke | #quantitativehistory #QH
มุมมอง 6072 ปีที่แล้ว
Herding, Warfare, and a Culture of Honor: Global Evidence | Benjamin Enke | #quantitativehistory #QH
Qing Officialdom: Insights from Historical Big Data | Cameron Campbell | #quantitativehistory #QH
มุมมอง 3532 ปีที่แล้ว
Qing Officialdom: Insights from Historical Big Data | Cameron Campbell | #quantitativehistory #QH

ความคิดเห็น

  • @wuwuti1
    @wuwuti1 6 วันที่ผ่านมา

    乌干达应该不是民族多样性,还达不到民族层面,可能是部落之类更小的小人群。

  • @wuwuti1
    @wuwuti1 6 วันที่ผ่านมา

    现在住在南边的人,未必都是古代南方人的后代,反之亦然。因此没必要为南北问题纠结。教授呆头呆脑。 ♦至于三星堆,跟现代的四川人应该也没啥关系。四川人没理由骄傲和得瑟~ 四川历史上经历过数次人口灭绝。现在的四川人大多是其他省份过去的。 三星堆没发现有人类骸骨?是个很奇怪的事情。人总要死,一根骨头都没留下?说明他们没有土葬?搞的是天葬?火葬? 三星堆没有文字,也是不可思议。制造青铜器,总要有配方和制造工艺,没文字之类的记述手段,就只靠口口相传? 三星堆文明来自长江中游的石家河文明,已被考古证实。

  • @林柏辰-m7i
    @林柏辰-m7i 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

    講者可能是客家人 看名字

  • @lipinghsu6998
    @lipinghsu6998 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    付老师很美很牛

    • @fc2790
      @fc2790 หลายเดือนก่อน

      付老师很美很牛? Are you Blind?

  • @333QQ
    @333QQ 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    自古以来中国是有至少12000年的广西隆林人不可分割的一部分,然而却是儿子打老子,广西被中国汉人殖民统治了,他们还本末倒置的被污蔑为炎黄子孙,还有说三星堆找不到人类的骨DNA,骗鬼呀!这种政治科学家可信吗?

  • @dianchaowang
    @dianchaowang 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    网络世界是不是也可以“大都无城”,有城是不是不自信的表现?

  • @andychan6909
    @andychan6909 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    北方人往南方迁徙,除了战争之外,另外跟气候有关吧?

  • @燕北山前萬梅山莊主人
    @燕北山前萬梅山莊主人 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    這個湖南佬在搞大南方主義😂不過遠古代南方人是巴布亞新幾內亞人和澳大利亞原住民同宗,當代南方人是古代漢藏語系民族移民後代,楚國王室也好,曾左胡也好,毛劉彭也好,都是古代北方人移民後代。

  • @rarebit9384
    @rarebit9384 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    2:18

  • @arpj909
    @arpj909 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for this extensive and well-prepared webinar!

  • @wangpaul1924
    @wangpaul1924 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    第一个提问题这个哥,你的问题到底是什么?还好当时没学社会人类学,通过基因的表现去判断和推测人的行为,尤其是心理引起的行为,我是不相信的,

  • @mcRydes
    @mcRydes 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    unfortunately there is something wrong with the audio. It's far too quite, it's a real problem.

    • @quantitativehistory
      @quantitativehistory 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thank you for bringing it to our attention! We are aware of the issue with hybrid events and are actively working to fix it. Stay tuned for future QH videos with improved audio quality. In the meantime, we suggest that you use headphones 🎧 to watch this video instead of just listening through the device's speakers.

  • @tomnone1451
    @tomnone1451 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    其实我们作为非专业人员,都很想得到一个框架一个结论,怎么怎么迁徙的,但现在似乎证据还太少了。而且没有古代文本记录。

  • @vincentfukcyt
    @vincentfukcyt 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    除了南北,还有东西。

  • @南一梦
    @南一梦 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    为党服务的科学家,非常目光短浅

  • @user-apanpower
    @user-apanpower 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    說白了 中原神州炎黃子孫其實是境外勢力的遺孤 連北京普通話還是境外勢力語言😆

  • @sparkinitesparkinite9617
    @sparkinitesparkinite9617 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    做学问尤其是在得出结论之前,必须要把所有假设的先决条件都明确无误地罗列出来并阐述清楚。否则,之下的研究就是建立在沙滩之上的;结论就更经不起推敲,甚至是荒谬的!

  • @sparkinitesparkinite9617
    @sparkinitesparkinite9617 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    付博士,恐怕我们不能简单地假设古中华南北大地上的人群是起源于同类的,然后产生南北的分化。其实,更有可能是上古时代,分布在南北各地的人群相互在地域上是有着普遍隔离的,也就是说他们可能源自不同血缘,甚至人种的,经过战乱和各种原因的人口迁移,有些种族被完全灭绝或被来自北方的移民所同化和种族通婚…一切皆有可能,关键是证据和中国历史的演进逻辑。

    • @pikwankochiu
      @pikwankochiu 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      戰亂?萬年前小群,幾戶人的衝突,流徙或有,有規棋有組織的戰鬥群可能性低。

  • @billgu7784
    @billgu7784 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    清华学生有意思,社会科学起源于殖民需求。弯弯绕铺垫了那么多,他想说什么,无非是种族论

  • @tourhualien7109
    @tourhualien7109 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    口條不清,斷句不明,語速太快,雖有強大知識,卻難接收,可惜

  • @dante3578
    @dante3578 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent, ty for posting

  • @hxs7083
    @hxs7083 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    许宏教授不错!

  • @xiaoxiaodragon
    @xiaoxiaodragon ปีที่แล้ว

    三星堆文化的统治族群的大月氏氏族在仰韶文化时期还生活在青藏高原,在仰韶文化时期,大月氏的博灌国的陶器还在青、甘、陕地区出现,一直到公元前2500年前后,大月氏氏族才从青藏高原南下进入成都平原,这个时期正是中原的龙山文化时期。大月氏来到成都平原时,这里的文化已经很先进了,丝绸的纺织技术已经居华夏的领军地位。大月氏氏族只是利用了通晓中亚商业贸易的特长成为富庶的氏族,取得了叔德地区的统治地位,同时将博灌国的国号带到了成都平原。 大月氏族群在自称中也称为知那那,意思是有远见的族群,“有远见”是形而上的词语,用形而下的图像是无法表达的,但聪明的大月氏人硬是采用了将眼睛凸出的方法表达了这一概念,本来这是一件艺术创造的想象,不知就里的一些文化学者还真的花费很大的力气去寻觅这样一群鼓眼人,这其中还有羌族人也在推波助澜。我们说称为知那那的直目概念是表达有远见,而羌族人则说这是怪异的戈基人的病态形象,而羌族人所流传的《羌戈大战》的故事,实际上是对自身族群名称演变的一种嘲解,羌族人原来称为呗戈基(射鸡鱼),本身就表达了射自己这只鸡的含义,所以箭射戈基(鸡鱼)就是自羌,同时羌族人因“射”字的濮语读音为be就崇拜白石,因为箭既读莫,又读根,就联想到麻杆,而射箭就是白石搭麻杆,这是构成濮文羌字的元素,居然变成了戈基大战的内容。根据《西南彝志》介绍,戈基的梓潼人是最早与大月氏氏族融合的,而梓潼人又是仡佬族人的一个大支系,这说明梓潼僚本身也是一个有远见的民族,但他们的后裔就同一般的普通人一样,没有鼓着眼睛。【濮鲁】

  • @sheldonzhang7431
    @sheldonzhang7431 ปีที่แล้ว

    这个自称湖南人的主持人显得太low了吧?这里是讨论古DNA,他还纠结是南方人主导,还是北方人主导。北方人影响大,他就不爱听。狭隘无知。

  • @Jzh733
    @Jzh733 ปีที่แล้ว

    学术禁区啊,难以全信。

  • @雲文-h2b
    @雲文-h2b ปีที่แล้ว

    請問8千年前的人群,如何去採其样本?是用這段时間的化石吗?

    • @lisayao9031
      @lisayao9031 21 วันที่ผ่านมา

      山洞里残留的DNA

  • @javen7722
    @javen7722 ปีที่แล้ว

    在Svante Pääbo的<<Neanderthal Man>>中有提过付巧妹,从文中所述,付参与的研究不是太多。不过她参加Svante Pääbo的研究组经历应该很珍贵,对她在中国发展很有帮助。

  • @Mtrl-new
    @Mtrl-new ปีที่แล้ว

    27:20其实就是北方人不断南下和南方人混血。

  • @stefanzheng6145
    @stefanzheng6145 ปีที่แล้ว

    chaos

  • @logicfeeling1089
    @logicfeeling1089 ปีที่แล้ว

    精彩

  • @justinsmith3749
    @justinsmith3749 ปีที่แล้ว

    以前在耶鲁听过陈教授的课

  • @高瞻远瞩-q5k
    @高瞻远瞩-q5k ปีที่แล้ว

    墓葬考古,只是發現各個時期的文化現象,并不能說明社會貧富貴賤關系。仰韶文化時期的彩陶冥器,反映出“圖騰信仰”對死者的影響,通過“圖騰”引領死者靈魂重返祖源地--復活。“圖騰信仰”式徽后,“祖先崇拜”興起,先民開始關注死后世界,視死如生,龍山文化后,“厚葬”之風盛行。 《良諸文化》--反山遺址,發現的大型墓,是大祭司之墓,出土眾多玉器,與大祭司生前的法事有關,并非富貴象征,并不能說明當時的社會階級分化。良諸時期,還處于部落階段,離國家的形成尚有距離。 隨著氏族兼并,部落混戰的到來,《石岇遺址》《陶寺遺址》《二里頭遺址》的發現,歷史才進入“古國”時代。戰爭導致階級分化,出現社會貧富和貴賤關系。 不能用墓葬的“量化考古”來說明貧賤富貴關系,這是不科學的,墓葬有其特殊性--受職業、文化、習俗、認識的影響,有些未成年的兒童墓,陪葬器豐厚,有些大墓陪葬品稀少,顯然與文化習俗有關。

  • @fany9178
    @fany9178 ปีที่แล้ว

    Homo sapiens 这么最主要清晰的主线不明确承认,只把微末细节讲得非常复杂,有什么意义?

    • @kalaang
      @kalaang ปีที่แล้ว

      拳打卧牛之地,螺蛳壳里做道场。研究的视野太窄,只盯着东亚这一小块地方。

    • @sheldonzhang7431
      @sheldonzhang7431 ปีที่แล้ว

      大中华中心史观,与政治正确,一起作用的结果。狭隘民族主义者已经接近种族主义愤青了。比如那个自称湖南人的主持人。

    • @jackchen425
      @jackchen425 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@sheldonzhang7431 欲加之罪何患无辞,你立场决定了你的的刻薄。

    • @sheldonzhang7431
      @sheldonzhang7431 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      麻烦您,解释一下,您的具体意见。我没有明白您的意思。谢谢

    • @sheldonzhang7431
      @sheldonzhang7431 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@jackchen425 您想告诉我什么?谢谢

  • @bear_bunny_romance
    @bear_bunny_romance ปีที่แล้ว

    思维太混乱了吧

    • @ericshi3389
      @ericshi3389 ปีที่แล้ว

      说给你这种智商的人听 一定很累吧

    • @Mtrl-new
      @Mtrl-new ปีที่แล้ว

      😂😂😂表述能力还有提高空间

    • @amadeushjh25
      @amadeushjh25 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      理解能力有待加強。 看不懂可以看兩次三次,並不丟臉的,外行人初接觸新學門本來就需要付出更多時間。

    • @bear_bunny_romance
      @bear_bunny_romance 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@amadeushjh25 你那只眼睛看出来我看不懂的,讲课的人思维混乱和我看不懂之间没有任何逻辑关联,我说的是讲课的人思维混乱,懂了吗,当然,你思维也不清晰

  • @俊花澤
    @俊花澤 ปีที่แล้ว

    付老师很多年前就很钦佩您了

  • @cjy6496
    @cjy6496 ปีที่แล้ว

    越北不注重财产,越南注重财产。原因定居和移动人群进化结果,现在东北人和南方人的感觉, 南北方财富向往南方高的多大家都知道的现实,万年前古人也如此

  • @garyliu6589
    @garyliu6589 ปีที่แล้ว

    講不清楚