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The film shows what happens when light from a laser passes through a single slit. The pattern formed on the wall is due to diffraction exhibited by waves. The experiment demonstrates that light has wave properties. If you want to read more about light and its duality, download the book Physics 9 from Apple Books.

The film shows that light is refracted when it encounters another transparent material at an angle other than 90°, the normal. The second material must have a different refractive index; here, water and air are compared. The speed of light in air is approximately 300,000 km/s, and in water, it's 225,000 km/s. The light ray is refracted when it hits the surface of the water. In optically denser ...

The video shows how light is refracted in the eye's lens. Refractive errors such as myopia and how it is corrected with a concave lens, as well as refractive errors such as hyperopia and how it is corrected with a convex lens. Interested in light, lenses, and refraction of light? Read more in the Physics 9 book in Apple Books

With red, green, and blue light, new colors can emerge by mixing the light. RGB differs from colors mixed on paper, which is instead called CMYK, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. White light contains all colors, therefore colors are clearly visible in white natural light. When I illuminate a green apple with white natural light, the apple appears green. If instead, I only use red light, no lig...

The film shows corrosion of iron over three days. When iron corrodes, it is called rust. The reaction is quite complicated but involves iron combining with oxygen with the help of water-all three ingredients are necessary. Initially, iron forms iron ions through oxidation: 4Fe becomes 4Fe^3 12e-. Oxygen molecules O2 and water H2O are reduced by taking up electrons and forming hydroxide ions OH-...

The video shows what happens when two base metals, aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn), are placed in a solution of copper sulfate. Since copper is more noble than both zinc and aluminum, the copper ions (Cu2 ) will gain electrons and be reduced to copper metal, while the base metals become metal ions. If you are interested in metals and the electrochemical series, there is more to read in Chemistry 9 ...

The video shows how various metal salts react in an open flame and the color the flame takes on. Explanation of metal salts and their different colors will be included in the updated version of the Chemistry 9 book in Apple Books by Kaj Schmidt. Enjoy, a beautiful experiment that we conduct in 9th grade when I teach about ionic bonds, metals, and none metals.

Electrolysis of copper sulfate and sodium chloride. More about electrolysis in the e-book Chemistry 9 on Apple Books by Kaj Schmidt.

In this video, I show two different indicators. An indicator is a substance that changes color in acidic or basic conditions. There are natural indicators like red cabbage, blueberries, tea, hibiscus, and others. I am investigating red cabbage. Then, there are synthetic indicators like bromothymol blue (BTB) and phenolphthalein. I am investigating BTB. If you want to learn more about indicators...

The video shows how sulfur acidifies water when sulfur is burned, forming sulfur oxides that then combine with water in the atmosphere, creating sulfuric acid, which is a strong acid. In the second clip, I use carbon dioxide from exhaled air to acidify the water. Carbonic acid is formed, which is a weak acid. BTB has been used as an indicator; BTB turns yellow in acidic solutions. If you want t...

The video shows the difference between a polar liquid like water and a nonpolar liquid like gasoline. I am investigating properties such as surface tension and solubility. The solubility and properties of water are explained in the Chemistry 7 book on Apple Books. The water molecule's intra-molecular bonds are covalent, and inter-molecular bonds between the molecules are hydrogen bonds, as desc...

The film demonstrates the properties of different alcohols. It explores the flammability of various alcohols and the type of flame they produce. It also investigates which alcohols are soluble in water and which are not. The characteristics of alcohols are thoroughly explained in the chemistry book 'kemi 8' on Apple Books, authored by Kaj Schmidt.

The video shows how explosive hydrogen, in combination with oxygen, becomes when ignited, a demonstration of a chemical reaction where water vapor is formed, from the Chemistry 9 book in Apple Books by Kaj Schmidt

A short clip showing how reactive sodium is. A small piece of sodium is dropped into a crystallization dish with water and a few drops of phenolphthalein. The indicator shows that a basic reaction is occurring in the water, and the gas formed is hydrogen. 2Na 2H2O→2NaOH H2. 2 Sodium 2 water → 2 sodiumhydroxide (base) hydrogen gas. More information about why metals in group one react violently c...

Metals in hydrochloric acid

Förbränning av metallsalter

Combustion of Iron

Pyrolysis

Chemical reaction Magnesium and Oxygen

Static electricty and polarity of the watermolecule

Korrosion, järn som rostar kemilaboration.

Vätgas

För mycket natrium i vatten

Likformighet röd kurs matte direkt åk9 kapitel 2 geometri

Area och volymskala Matte Direkt åk 9

Rymddiagonalen Matte Direkt 9 röd kurs

Pythagoras röd kurs matte direkt 9

Vinklar röd kurs matte direkt åk 9

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