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Great questions. Thank you The universe is not expanding into anything in the conventional sense. It’s not growing into a pre-existing “space.” Instead, space itself is expanding. In the framework of General Relativity, the expansion of the universe means the distances between galaxies increase over time, and the fabric of spacetime stretches. There is no “outside” of the universe as far as we understand because the universe includes all of space and time. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the Local Group, a cluster of galaxies including Andromeda and several smaller galaxies. This group lies in a larger structure called the Virgo Supercluster, which in turn is part of the Laniakea Supercluster. Within the cosmic web, galaxies are organized in filaments, voids, and clusters. According to Cosmological principle, universe have same density throughout and looks the same in all direction ( in thermodynamics we call it isotropic systems). And when it comes to the cosmic radiations, its a part of big-bang. Is not surrounding the universe but exists within the universe and its uniform throughout the universe. Thank you so much for your comment. Helps me think and research more in detail as well.!! 🙂

Good point. Alternate theories definitely exists for example like steady state theory. But of-course have lot of observational challenges. If the universe always exists then, we should reconsider or revise the Second law of thermodynamics which predicts increasing entropy by keeping the idea of infinite time. Where big bang theory is supported by expansion of the universe,abundance of elements like hydrogen helium.. etc. But thank you so much for your comment. Interesting theories to think about.