Vacuous Truth
Vacuous Truth
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6. Examples - Logic for Beginners
This final video in the Logic for Beginners series presents some examples. We first look at a toy example by using propositional logic to model and solve a "real world" problem. We then go on to look at an industrial strength logic called ACL2.
• Previous video: th-cam.com/video/Qdi6k9kDUw0/w-d-xo.html
• Logic for Beginners playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLXdZLVVi1lxXUcCUX4epFGTruqGKdpEw3.html
Additional Notes:
• 04:42 - To be clear, the bi-implication "A iff B" is true when both A and B are true or when both A and B are false. It may help to draw out a truth table!
• 10:39 - by "programs" I am referring to computer programs.
• 17:22 - when we talk about bi-implication we say "if and only if", which is shortened textually to "iff".
• 18:36 - "deterministically" here means that given a propositional formula ACL2 can always tell us whether it is true or false.
• 26:04 - The symbol "⊆" represents subset. So "X ⊆ Y" means "X is a subset of Y"
• 27:14 - the name "subset-reflexive" that is typed in is simply a name we give the theorem, it has no meaning internally and it simply helpful for humans.
• 28:19 - A list of some interesting applications of ACL2: www.cs.utexas.edu/users/moore/acl2/v8-3/combined-manual/index.html?topic=ACL2____INTERESTING-APPLICATIONS
00:00 - Introduction
00:57 - Propositional Example Scenario
05:36 - Propositional Proof
10:26 - ACL2 Overview
13:53 - Necessary Lisp Syntax
16:26 - Simple ACL2 Example
21:27 - More Complex ACL2 Example
27:40 - Industrial Uses of ACL2
28:23 - Conclusion
มุมมอง: 1 349

วีดีโอ

5. Soundness and Completeness - Logic for Beginners
มุมมอง 12K3 ปีที่แล้ว
This video in the Logic for Beginners series looks at two important concepts in logic, soundness and completeness. These are properties of a logic which tell us how the propositions which can be inferred using a deductive system relate to the semantics. We also take a brief excursion into Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem. • Previous video: th-cam.com/video/-Vfd6AIZYFw/w-d-xo.html • Logic for Begi...
4. Deductive Systems - Logic for Beginners
มุมมอง 8K3 ปีที่แล้ว
This video in the Logic for Beginners series explains the role of deductive systems in logic. As in previous videos, a general overview is given first: we look at some sentences in Propositional Logic that evaluate to True under any interpretation of the symbols. This motivates the explanation of a deductive system called Natural Deduction for Propositional Logic, and examples of its use are gi...
3. What is Syntax - Logic for Beginners
มุมมอง 2K3 ปีที่แล้ว
This video in the Logic for Beginners series looks at the role of syntax in logic. We start off by looking at the role syntax plays in general before going onto the specific example of syntax in Propositional Logic. Additional Notes: • 11:35 - As a clarification, brackets exist to indicate structure which we are otherwise unable to show in concrete syntax. • 13:01 - The brackets in the proposit...
2. What is Semantics - Logic for Beginners
มุมมอง 5K3 ปีที่แล้ว
This tutorial explains the role of semantics in logic and looks at how the semantics represent certain elements of the real world. The extended example of Propositional Logic is used again. The truth tables which define its semantics are used to explore some of the issues in an intuitive way, specifically looking at the definition or OR, and the notion of 'vacuous truth' as design choices. • Pr...
1. What is Logic - Logic for Beginners
มุมมอง 2.7K3 ปีที่แล้ว
This video introduces the Logic for Beginners tutorial series. The series aims to answer the question "what is a logic?" from the perspective of an undergraduate student beginning to study the subject. I aim to give some insight I wish I had developed earlier. All logics comprise a syntax, a semantics and a deductive system and each of these concepts is developed in future videos. I also show a...

ความคิดเห็น

  • @ahmedrachet4997
    @ahmedrachet4997 3 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Crazy shit man. You gave me the why. All other teachers think i dont want to know the why.

  • @xamidi
    @xamidi 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    27:21 Correction: Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic, which in contrast to model theory is not semantic but syntactic in nature. You shouldn't call a deductive system that. But the syntactic aspects of those systems are researched in the field of proof theory.

  • @yian43
    @yian43 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for explaining this better than my teacher

  • @user-cp3tm2nx5l
    @user-cp3tm2nx5l 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Absolute lifesaver !

  • @verbisdiablo
    @verbisdiablo 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    COME BACK BROTHER!

  • @namtodev
    @namtodev 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    only video i could find that i properly understood.

  • @ioanas6238
    @ioanas6238 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Are you gonna make any more videos by any chance?

  • @voiceofreason8001
    @voiceofreason8001 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I am stuck for Hilbret-style proof and looking where I lost. I can say your approach is a good one.

    • @xamidi
      @xamidi 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Metamath builds formal proofs in Hilbert systems, and there is a tool called pmGenerator that can find and parse propositional Hilbert-style proofs from condensed detachment (i.e. implication elimination with instantiation to most common unifiers) notation.

  • @lore-x5235
    @lore-x5235 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    3 years later people still benefit from your efforts, thank a lot dude.

  • @MathCuriousity
    @MathCuriousity 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hey love your channel and wish you would keep going!!!!! May I pose a few questions kind soul: Hey so here are the “soft” questions I have compiled. If anything is unclear just let me know! 1) Does naive set theory require attaching a logic to it to “work” or does logic require set theory to “work”? I am having trouble understanding the true nature of their relationship and they seem really connected during this first pass through some TH-cam videos. 2) With just naive set theory - no first order logic - can we make truth valuations? Can we even do anything at all in set theory without logic? 3) why is “first order logic” “fully axiomatizable”, but “independence-friendly first order logic” and “second order logic” isn’t? 4) Does this mean we can’t trust “independence-friendly first order set theory” and “second order logic” to always make true statements? If not, what consequences does it have if a logic isn’t fully axiomatizable? Thanks so much!

  • @MathCuriousity
    @MathCuriousity 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hey love your channel and may I ask a question: If in set theory, I can create a relation which takes a set of elements which are propositions (like set a is a subset of set b) and map it to a set of elements containing “true” and “false”, then why is it said that set theory itself can’t make truth valuations? I ask this because somebody told me recently that “set theory cannot make true valuations” Is this because I cannot do what I say above? Or because truth valuations happen via deductive systems and not by say first order set theory ?

  • @nedasayad4660
    @nedasayad4660 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    woooow. I really had difficulty in understanding completeness and soundness and this video really helped me

  • @6ftofmisery636
    @6ftofmisery636 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Truly, you slayed this topic, i was struggling with natural deduction! underrated king! yaas

  • @ionlyfeargod2994
    @ionlyfeargod2994 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very helpful vedio , thanks

  • @rationalistbanner8373
    @rationalistbanner8373 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is the property of expressing arithmetic effectively (recursive computability of arithmetic) the same as expressive completeness?

  • @samueldarenskiy6893
    @samueldarenskiy6893 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is this an alternative to fitch style?

  • @xxx_mouiz_xxx___7969
    @xxx_mouiz_xxx___7969 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great vid, sad u got only 4k views , Your explanation could get you great returns if u aproach more common topics

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you! I agree formal logic doesn't have the widest appeal does it!

  • @Karim-nq1be
    @Karim-nq1be ปีที่แล้ว

    Just brilliant, thank you.

  • @gabriel-oc4pt
    @gabriel-oc4pt ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 ปีที่แล้ว

      No worries, I'm glad you found it useful!

  • @haileyh372
    @haileyh372 ปีที่แล้ว

    omg thank you!! your video really clarified everything I was confused with....

  • @meeralbutt4928
    @meeralbutt4928 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can you give the example of logic in semantics that its not logic but make it then logical

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm afraid I don't quite understand the question, apologies

  • @aleksanderpetkov9151
    @aleksanderpetkov9151 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good work

  • @Joshua-hb7cs
    @Joshua-hb7cs ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video! I didn't understand the difference between the two types of turn tiles and soundness and completeness, u explained it so well.

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for your kind words, glad I could help!

  • @notimportant2478
    @notimportant2478 ปีที่แล้ว

    I had a course that included proving some theorems using Coq and I really felt stupid. This series is a life saver, thank you very much and hope you're doing great!

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad I could help! And don't feel stupid, theorem proving is hard enough even when you're not battling with a proof assistant. I had my share of late nights using Isabelle/HOL at uni

  • @DenmarOfficial
    @DenmarOfficial 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    very good

  • @pedrobraga2369
    @pedrobraga2369 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Astonishing, thanks so much for the summary.

  • @robinmatter3619
    @robinmatter3619 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love the video style!

  • @Furukawanagisa311
    @Furukawanagisa311 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for your lecture. I have a question regarding soundness and completeness. When you say a logic must have the "soundness" property...but as far as I can see, it is not a property of the logic, but the deduction system. Would you mind elaborating more, please?

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for bringing this up. In general the deductive system will have the biggest impact on whether a logic is sound (and complete). However, do remember that the soundness property is also based on the semantics: we could change the semantics and suddenly soundness might no longer hold! As a general point, I think it's worth bearing in mind that there's an element of flexibility around the language we use. Sure, it is vital to define rigorously our terms, and I found it was very useful to understand them when learning. However in reality (e.g. in discussions, lectures, lecture notes, etc.) is it often more contextual. This is both because humans aren't very good at being precise, and just because it makes things easier. So I might say "this logic is sound" or "this deductive system is sound", and assuming an understanding of what the terms technically mean, it shouldn't be too tricky to work out what they mean from context. (Having said that, do pick me up on it if you find anything I've said wrong!)

  • @jan-Juta
    @jan-Juta 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're a life saver, thank you so much for this!

  • @frankietank8019
    @frankietank8019 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    There are not so many videos on this subject, so I'm glad I stumbled upon this great vid. Thanks!

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks! It's good to hear it was useful

  • @makanedrisi2609
    @makanedrisi2609 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Patrick, I found your videos so deep, clear and useful. It helps me a lot to learn about logic. Thank you

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks! I'm glad to hear you found them so useful

  • @None-ss1zi
    @None-ss1zi 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    That's some great work you've done. Keep up:)

  • @shivatmanyoga
    @shivatmanyoga 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for this video! I'm doing a Masters in Cognitive Science and this helped me. You explain things very clearly.

  • @kevindudeja291
    @kevindudeja291 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I had no idea I was dealing with "vacously true" statements in the conditional truth tables. The "If-Then" are quite mysterious in its functioning in mathematics. In english, it hints at causality; In theorems, it hints at the truth of statement B holding; In Logic, it is truth-functional operation whose truth value is only on the truth of its parts, which is quite like transistors working. This video must be rewatched. Let's hope I can clear up what I see the next time I see an "If-Then" statement

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      It definitely took me a while to get my head round the intuition of implication and there is certainly a disconnect between the way we interpret 'if-then' in day-to-day interactions vs. propositional logic. Indeed, some logics do try to rectify this - a bit more detail can be found here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_conditional#Discrepancies_with_natural_language incidentally, one of the best explanations I found for the intuition behind vacuous truth was a random Reddit comment: www.reddit.com/r/learnmath/comments/8jm4fo/unable_to_grasp_logic_and_vacuous_truths/dz0qvk5?context=3

  • @kevindudeja291
    @kevindudeja291 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Patrick. I admire that you have taken the initiative to make these videos. I was overwhelmed emotionally in comparison to my small understanding of what "logic" is, which made me give more attention to you and felt great to have absorbed your insights. I would be continuing to the next lesson on Semantics for today. I am currently in my MSc. Mathematics program at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore, and working on building my fundamentals. I see your last video was 7months ago; hope you can restart making videos again; its okay for me that you make a video every 2-3 weeks, because you rightly found out that some "core parts" of this subject can be take for granted elsewhere or not even looked at, which I feel is a crime against education, to withhold deep insights that can have an expansive impact on somebody else. Thank you for this video, once again though.

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Kevin, thank you very much for your kind words. I'm very glad this has helped you. Like you, I always found that having a firm grasp of the fundamentals really helped my understanding, and that's what I was going for all along with this series. Although I would love to make more videos at some point, my job is currently keeping me busy! All the best with your studies!

  • @dandyview3670
    @dandyview3670 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video - really enjoyed your style of expositing. If you get the time, please make some more detailed videos of proofs of completeness and soundness for propositional logic and maybe predicate logic. Perhaps you could make some videos on modal and other logics too? Bravo.

    • @vacuoustruth2030
      @vacuoustruth2030 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for you comments and suggestions. Making more videos is definitely something I'd like to do in the future... turns out getting a job has made that a bit harder than it was though!

  • @watsonnn6072
    @watsonnn6072 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was really helpful, thank you!

  • @grasshopper2468
    @grasshopper2468 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Patrick

  • @cameronramsay5398
    @cameronramsay5398 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I think you will find that this can be done in Haskell using Monads