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Ove--thanks for this simulation program. i teach this also in my Condensation Induced Water Hammer Seminars using a similar diagram. I think it would be helpful in your explanation if you took a moment to say that you're imagining the water column is made up of discrete springy disks or pancakes of water. Each one, as it's stopped by the dead end or the one in front of it, compresses due to absorbing the change in momentum as it runs into the pancake in front of it which was stopped just previous to this pancake. The increase in pressure is felt longitudinally as well as in hoop stress in the pipe since the pancake is trying to squeeze out in all diections. After all the springy pancakes have all stopped and the compressed pancakes are stacked up all the way to the entrance to the plenum, there's no pancakes lefy to run into the back of the last pancake which was compressed to keep it compressed, so it expands back to it's former uncompressed width which releases pressure on the next pancake up the line as a chain reaction of decompression returns down the pipe. (I think this explanation works just as well with waffles).

Excellent explained

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Can you explain why the pressure wave is reflected on the open reservoir?

Thank you Dr. Ove for sharing your knowledge with us. Much appreciated!

Very informative. I actually understood it! Thanks!