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CANDDID
United Kingdom
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 3 เม.ย. 2020
The Centre for Autism, Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities (CANDDID) is an academic centre based in Chester, Cheshire, UK and hosted by Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust. CANDDID brings together research, training and education activities in the fields of learning disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders.
This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabilities, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, their families and carers.
If you need urgent help please contact NHS 111 in the UK.
This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabilities, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, their families and carers.
If you need urgent help please contact NHS 111 in the UK.
DST PH Launch Event Recording
This is the recording of the DST-PH Launch Event. Thank you for attending and to learn more about the tool, please follow this link: www.canddid.nhs.uk/dst-ph
To go to specific presentations, please use the timings below:
4 minutes 30 seconds: Professor Sujeet Jaydeokar - Re-Stratification and development of the DST-PH
28 minutes: Rosalyn Arnold - Data Analysis
42 minutes: Danny Acton - Using the DST-PH and online resources
1 hour 13 minutes: Sarah Pope - Enfield Pilot Study
1 hour 31 minutes: Beth Osbourne - Sussex Pilot Study
1 hour 48 minutes: Professor Umesh Chauhan - LeDeR programme
2 hours 12 minutes: Professor Mahesh Odiyoor - Physical Health ODN
2 hours 25 minutes: Question and Answer section
To go to specific presentations, please use the timings below:
4 minutes 30 seconds: Professor Sujeet Jaydeokar - Re-Stratification and development of the DST-PH
28 minutes: Rosalyn Arnold - Data Analysis
42 minutes: Danny Acton - Using the DST-PH and online resources
1 hour 13 minutes: Sarah Pope - Enfield Pilot Study
1 hour 31 minutes: Beth Osbourne - Sussex Pilot Study
1 hour 48 minutes: Professor Umesh Chauhan - LeDeR programme
2 hours 12 minutes: Professor Mahesh Odiyoor - Physical Health ODN
2 hours 25 minutes: Question and Answer section
มุมมอง: 70
วีดีโอ
Why am I still in hospital?
มุมมอง 49ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the article 'Why am I still in hospital? Evaluation of delayed discharges from two learning disability assessment and treatment units in England' Learn more here: www.canddid.nhs.uk/canddid/research/why-am-I-in-hospital This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabilities, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, their families and carers, provided by the Cent...
Exploring self-harm risk vulnerabilities in autism using the ‘thinking patterns profiling model
มุมมอง 85ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the publication 'Exploring self-harm risk vulnerabilities in autism using the ‘thinking patterns profiling model’' To find out more, follow this link: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/children-and-young-people/exploring-self-harm-risk-vulnerabilities-autism-using-thinking-patterns-profiling-model This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabi...
Developing a model for mental health services for children and young people
มุมมอง 41ปีที่แล้ว
A summary of the publication 'Developing a model for mental health services for children and young people with intellectual disability and/or autism in Northwest England' Follow the link to find out more: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/developing-model-mental-health-services-children-and-young-people-intellectual-disability-andor-autism-northwest-england This is an inf...
The potential unintended consequences of Mental Health Act reforms in England and Wales
มุมมอง 85ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the publication 'The potential unintended consequences of Mental Health Act reforms in England and Wales on people with intellectual disability and/or autism' Follow the link to find out more: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/adults/intellectual-disability/potential-unintended-consequences-mental-health-act-reforms-england-and-wales-people-intellectual-disabil...
Setting Priorities for People with Intellectual Disability across the Lifespan: A call to action
มุมมอง 27ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the publication 'Setting Priorities for People with Intellectual Disability/Intellectual Developmental Disorders across the Lifespan: A call to action by the World Psychiatric Association' Follow this link to learn more: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/adults/intellectual-disability/setting-priorities-people-intellectual-disabilityintellectual-developmental-d...
Intellectual disability and autism influence psychological treatments for mental health
มุมมอง 35ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the publication: Intellectual disability and autism in adults influence psychological treatments for mental health comorbidities' To find out more, follow this link: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/adults/intellectual-disability/intellectual-disability-and-autism-adults-influence-psychological-treatments-mental-health-comorbidities This is an information-only...
Autism training for psychiatrists: an evaluation of a one day training event across England
มุมมอง 22ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the publication 'Autism training for psychiatrists: an evaluation of a one day training event across six locations in England' Follow this link to learn more: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/adults/non-learning-disability/autism-training-psychiatrists-evaluation-one-day-training-event-across-six-locations-england This is an information-only feed for people wi...
Ideal models of good inpatient care for adults with intellectual disability: Lessons from England
มุมมอง 20ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the publication 'Ideal models of good inpatient care for adults with intellectual disability: Lessons from England' To find out more, follow this link: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/adults/intellectual-disability/ideal-models-good-inpatient-care-adults-intellectual-disability-lessons-england This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabili...
Caregivers experiences of caring for people with intellectual disability and dementia
มุมมอง 47ปีที่แล้ว
A summary of the publication 'Caregivers experiences of caring for people with intellectual disability and dementia: a qualitative evidence synthesis' To find out more, follow this link: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/adults/intellectual-disability/caregivers-experiences-caring-people-intellectual-disability-and-dementia-qualitative-evidence-synthesis This is an inform...
Easy Read - Caregivers experiences of caring for people with intellectual disability and dementia
มุมมอง 20ปีที่แล้ว
An easy read summary of the publication 'Caregivers experiences of caring for people with intellectual disability and dementia: a qualitative evidence synthesis' To find out more, follow this link: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/adults/intellectual-disability/caregivers-experiences-caring-people-intellectual-disability-and-dementia-qualitative-evidence-synthesis This i...
Easy Read - Investigating the experiences of carers looking after those at risk of admission
มุมมอง 7ปีที่แล้ว
This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabilities, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, their families and carers, provided by the Centre for Autism, Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities (CANDDID) and Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust. If you need urgent help please contact NHS 111.
Investigating the experience of professional carers supporting individuals at risk of admission
มุมมอง 9ปีที่แล้ว
Summary of the publication 'Investigating the experience of professional carers supporting individuals at risk of admission' To find out more, follow this link: www.canddid.nhs.uk/research/publications/published-works/investigating-experience-professional-carers-supporting-individuals-intellectual-disability-who-were-risk-admission-qualitative This is an information-only feed for people with le...
CANDDID: our journey so far
มุมมอง 36ปีที่แล้ว
This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabilities, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, their families and carers, provided by the Centre for Autism, Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities (CANDDID) and Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust. If you need urgent help please contact NHS 111.
Robbie, Expert by Experience - #CANDDIDCONF2023
มุมมอง 61ปีที่แล้ว
This is an information-only feed for people with learning disabilities, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, their families and carers, provided by the Centre for Autism, Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities (CANDDID) and Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust. If you need urgent help please contact NHS 111.
Understanding How ADHD Impacts Me Part 2
มุมมอง 1.2Kปีที่แล้ว
Understanding How ADHD Impacts Me Part 2
Should I Get a Formal Diagnosis of ADHD?
มุมมอง 1.4Kปีที่แล้ว
Should I Get a Formal Diagnosis of ADHD?
ADHD Medication, Self Medicating and Addiction Part 1
มุมมอง 2Kปีที่แล้ว
ADHD Medication, Self Medicating and Addiction Part 1
Healthy Lifestyle Choices and Strategies to Manage ADHD Successfully
มุมมอง 879ปีที่แล้ว
Healthy Lifestyle Choices and Strategies to Manage ADHD Successfully
Why Thinking Differently Can Be an Advantage
มุมมอง 659ปีที่แล้ว
Why Thinking Differently Can Be an Advantage
ADHD Medication, Self Medicating and Addiction Part 2
มุมมอง 1.1Kปีที่แล้ว
ADHD Medication, Self Medicating and Addiction Part 2
How Hormones and Menopause Impact on Women with ADHD
มุมมอง 9Kปีที่แล้ว
How Hormones and Menopause Impact on Women with ADHD
Understanding How ADHD Impacts Me Part 1
มุมมอง 2.4Kปีที่แล้ว
Understanding How ADHD Impacts Me Part 1
Improving the experiences that autistic people have accessing services #CANDDIDConf2023
มุมมอง 136ปีที่แล้ว
Improving the experiences that autistic people have accessing services #CANDDIDConf2023
Easy Read Summary of "Co-design and development of a multi-component anxiety management programme"
มุมมอง 3ปีที่แล้ว
Easy Read Summary of "Co-design and development of a multi-component anxiety management programme"
😢😢😢😢😢 Now everything makes sense in my life.....feeling stupid always
What is being described already sounds like a combo of adhd with autism - I am diagnosed autism & adhd & also cptsd & a circadian sleep disorder & leaky gut.. it all generally seems so muddled and general brain development mess & nutritional imbalances/ deficiencies for so many over the past few generations, blue light, gut dysbiosis from messed up food and families dynamics, stress, lack of daylight & exercise etc etc & especially screens causing different dopamine function..
I went to psychologists and psychiatrists many times, and finally "I" found out for what my problem is! On the other hand, I think the name of ADHD confused me, otherwise I would have realized it 3 years ago... because it is called "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", and I told myself, no, I can focus extremely well and work intensely on my favorite subject for even a month! My only problem is that when my excitement wears off and I understand the details of the subject, I no longer have the interest to continue.
This sounds just like me! I have felt this way all my life. I knew I had it since it started being talk about. But I’m in my 50’s and have just been officially diagnosed. Adderall and having a reason has helped me so much!
Thank you so much for this presentation. You exude true kindness and it felt soothing to listen to you. I finally just recently got a diagnosis of ADHD at 45 yrs old after years of misdiagnosis of various types…I finally feel seen and understood but I can’t help and wonder what my life could have been if I was diagnosed as a child. It is a bitter sweet feeling..
I'm grateful for this, thank you. I'm 52 years old and only now recognising my ADHD symptoms, which explain so much of the patterns in my life, which hasn't been an easy one, but now I'm beginning to understand why. I'm not confident to speak to my GP about it or seek a diagnosis, I feel too vulnerable. However, at least I have some answers now and that helps me a lot 😊.
This is exactly how I feel every day. I was diagnosed at 35. I thought I was just slower than others. I never wanted to try because I always felt I couldn't
Please if you don't mind,I wld love to paste my email for you to email me. I just want to speak with someone who is similar to me. Just give me the permission
Respectfully you seem to have autistic traits. I have adhd but never had those sensitivities growing up. Only later as I was more and more overwhelmed and exhausted. As a kid I was bubbly happy and curious.
Its different bc of hormone levels. Always get your hormone levels checked first
I read this in an article, "A small study from the United Kingdom does suggest that using [HRT] can alleviate some ADHD symptoms. However, research is ongoing for using hormone replacement therapy for ADHD." Does anyone have information on this small study from the UK or the other research they might be referring to? I can't find anything on PubMed or anywhere else.
So many items discussed here sound very much like autism. No wonder the two are hard to diagnose / distinguish for many, especially with comorbidity.
Well, here I am, just thinking about her hair because she waved it with a braid. I'm gonna try to pay attention, I swear XDD I'm 28 and being diagnosed at the moment. My therapist is still evaluating if I have ADHD (seems like I do), but she's already sure I'm gifted. It's crazy to know I'm probably twice-exceptional. I always felt different (and weird), and now I'm starting to understand why.
I don't agree with the title. It's titled "ADHD in Women" which was like click bait, yet she mainly talks about her own experience with ADHD - not women's in general. She might stim, but not everyone with adhd stims. Anyone who is going through something very stressful or experiencing strong emotions might use coping skills like using mental strategies or changing what they are doing or how they are doing it, etc. which have nothing to do with stimming. ADHD is not autism! Not everyone with adhd have sensory issues either. if someone has sensory isssues, adhd, social challenges, and stims, he or she should get checked for Autism or Aspergers. ADHD and autism might have overlapping characteristics like difficulty to focus but anyone with a normal brain in a stressful situation would have trouble with focusing too. Trauma in one's childhood or later in life can mimic adhd-like symtoms too. Menopause can also affect a woman negatively such that she has adhd-like symptoms or her adhd gets worse.
8:28 Doesnt that mean shes autistic then ? It sounds that way.
Anyone here with ADHD struggle with headaches?
I do. It sucks cause one of the reasons I get so many headaches is because I can't sleep and I forget to drink water but even if I take care of those two things I still get them 😂
I had an appointment with a psychiatrist today and will be tested for ADHD soon. I never considered this being a diagnosis I’d ever have. Whilst not officially diagnosed, I felt such a sense of relief when the doctor mentioned it. It’s like maybe I’ve found that missing piece of the puzzle I haven’t resolved in 38 years.
How did it go?
Get your hormone levels checked first
Suspected ADD esp by my medical colleagues but only diagnosed at 65 when a full neuropsych eval was required for me to return to work after an intracerebral hemorrhage (that luckily leaked into the lateral ventricle so all blood was evacuated with an External Ventricular Drain and$25,000 of thrombolytics. The neuropsych eval was necessary as I was “goofy” but I am uncertain how other than I really screwed up the SLUMS screen for cognitive disorder.(I assume they gave me adequate time completely of the fentanyl they had been giving me for presumed pain with clear, classic Rheumatoid deformities. However, Systemic Lupus Erythrematosus was also diagnosed. The neuropsychologist noted that the executive function issues have also been noted with SLE. I do function better with atomoxetine, but I think even better with low dose prednisone.
Very useful video, I have been wondering about myself for a while and pretty much everything you said here has resonated with me. Thank you! You're a remarkable lady
I played this a 2x speed, rewinded back then understood nothing and skipped
This has me so confused. The traits she mentions are identical to autism. My son has ADHD and Autism. I have at least one, but now I'm so much more confused.
I was thinking the same. Maybe this is autism with pretty privilege 😂? Mostly joking, but who knows she may go on to get the other DX in a few years. I have heard that one way to tell the difference is whether one intuitively understand non verbal communication, or struggles with it, and if so that indicates autism. Personally, I think eventually they may one day be in the same umbrella of DX, there's just so much overlap.
@GraceBrooks-zy3ms If you're right about how to tell the difference, I would definitely be considered autistic. I agree. I also think ADHD will be considered autism in a few years.
I resonate - thank you so much!
Lovely explained🙏🏻❤️
This is definitely me. I think I need help, but most of the time, I do not trust anybody, I feel they do not understand me.
Female in school in the 1970s sent to see someone for an hour 3 times a week for about an hour never told why never told my diagnosis. Alli do know is I confused my teachers because I was apparently running around or talking all the time but would get 80 to 90 percent on tests. I did not realize what I had ADHD until the last 5 years or so.
An excellent video. However, there's one important omission: the effect of hormones.
Have you found this video on Hormones and Menopause from the same group? th-cam.com/video/AWrABNoRSjM/w-d-xo.html
ADHD is a growth industry for pharma to prescribe meth to adults
Wow. Just wow. I started perimenopause about a year ago. Looking backnow, thats when my symptoms started to really show. So much that I thought I was getting early dementia. Thank you for this!
It sounds like you are autistic. We often get misdiagnosed as ADHD. There are expressions of autism that meet the ADHD criteria for autism reasons
Can't even pay attention long enough to see the full video ... 😕
This is brilliant and sums me up exactly. 52 years old and just diagnosed. Taking meds which have helped but haven’t cured my deep seated issues of low self esteem especially relating to my job as a teacher.
You say the menopause side of things won’t last forever. But it will, at least that’s how I understand it. ‘The menopause side of things’ is your body no longer producing oestrogen. ADHD is a dopamine-based neurology. And oestrogen is a precursor to dopamine. So no oestrogen = no dopamine. That won’t improve post-menopause, because you still won’t be producing oestrogen. You might want to have a conversation with your GP or ADHD practitioner about HRT. Good luck!
I'm not sure if this is a medical fact you are talking about? Re oestrogen being a pre curser to dopamine. In my experience, the 2 are not inter dependant
@elaineross9365 no, they are not interdependent. That’s why I said it. I’ve had conversations about it with my ADHD practitioner. But it is fairly newly known/understood, so not even all medical people/ADHD psychologists know about it. Please do check it out.
Here is just one article about it. If you do your own search, you will find many more. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1769494/
@@elaineross9365 this will be my final response. I really hope they're all helpful to you. This is a booklet about ADHD and menopause, created by Balance, the extremely informational website of the Newson clinic, covering so much about menopause. balance-menopause.com/uploads/2022/08/ADHD-and-the-perimenopause-FINAL.pdf
Thanks for the video. I’ve just been triaged forward for the assessment for ADHD. Im in my 50s and so far have 100+ symptoms. I was told early on by a GP that because I was a girl it could not be ADHD 😠 it’s going to make so much sense if I do have it.
I ❤ neurospicy sistas🎉
How do you know when to start hormone replacement therapy? Do you have to have things like hot flashes?
❤ this video is a gem 💎
I just started a medication for adhd and it took me over 40 years to realize that I have this neurodivergence. I feel a massive difference. Like I would go in and out of concentration, people labelled me as stupid, my nervousness stressing others out, not being able to get my life together and anxiety/depression for being different. It was so bad that I didn't even understand my symptoms as being so obvious because I've been forced to live like this for so long. The most painful think is knowing I have knowledge, but not being able to bring it out because my barrier is my own self. I also just learned that some doctors are suspicious about medication used to treat adhd and "not being honest about having the condition". This medication is a lifesaver and I hope that I can move forward and finally live to my potential.
What are you on if you don't mind me asking?
Thanks for sharing your ADHD story. It closely matches my own in many ways, though I’m hyperactive and always have been. Despite this very obvious ADHD sign, I wasn’t diagnosed until I was 45. Girl in the 80s = missed. So I spent years thinking I was noisy, stupid & just really bad at life. Im now 51 and since getting my dx I’ve regained my life & confidence - plus I have a ND daughter. There’s still lots of damage and I’m struggling through perimenopause & the whole estrogen ADHD storm. It’s hard, but I’m being kind to myself & finding good support. Thanks for the heads up re AI - I use it in my work, but will try it for my ADHD. Thank you 🙏🏻
I just got my diagnosis of combined ADHD/IDD last month,I am now 2 month shy of 52. A couple of years ago I was under immense pressure and I developed a stutter that has remained with me since. Everyone professional has said that this is very unusual. I have been menopausal now for approximately 5/6 years. I get extremely anxious quite quickly, the I start suttering so with the ADHD (combined) IDD, it makes my life so hard. If I don't know me how is anyone else supposed to? 😢
I’m 54. I have not been diagnosed yet, but I have every symptom…perimenopause, and now menopause, have made it a million times worse. I used to be able to function, but that is long gone. This is the new normal, I guess? I just don’t know exactly what that means for me. As you said, if I don’t know who I am, how is anyone else going to know? I had given up, but recently I heard someone say that we still have 1/3 of our lives left, why are we not being the best we can be? That has been sounding in my head ever since. I’ve made doctors appts, started supplements, I’m eating clean and starting to exercise. Oh…and attempting to journal and meditate…limited success there, but I’ll keep working at it. We’ll find ourselves again ❤
@@ellechristie1111 I have just put in a ,( let's say application) to see another psychiatrist to re affirm that I have ADHD so I can have My meds witch I understand, as it is a gateway drug. I sincerely hope that things work out in your favour. I am in the UK, my son has aspergers, so I whent private for a diagnosis of ADHD/AUTISM. It cost me £3000 for my diagnosis, I don't have a lot of money, but it was worth every penny scrimped and saved, just for the peice of mind in itself. I now feel like I have been liberated, that instead of all the guilt and shame carried for decades, I can now say I am proud of myself, something I never say.I have made plenty of mistakes, uprooted my kids a few times because I couldn't handle horrible people. But I know now I did tryed, hoping I could make a fresh start from them. If you're not getting the help you need, save up, and go private! There is no price you can put on freedom you feel once you have got used to your diagnosis.
ADHD and ASD does not care about the nature of the body they are in. As a man I'm really tired of you reversing the white boy racism, to now discriminate against me because I'm a man and can't have female autism. Please stop this bullshit and stop harming people! Do not make something that is INDEPENDENT of gender a gender stereotype and continue the wrong we have suffered over the years because of trying to box things without understanding.
ADHD teacher here. Are you still teaching? I am finding it very hard to continue teaching since my diagnosis (and before that truthfully). Do you have any specific tips?
Being undiagnosed As a child I remember going into jr high frm elementary school and I all of a sudden I felt like I no longer fit in and that everyone didn't like me and I wasn't as good as the other kids. It was so bad I used back pain as a excuse to miss school and that worked for a few months but eventually went back and felt even more alone. . Even as an adult still not being able to sustain long term employment. Around 35 years old when I found out I have ADHD because my children were diagnosed first the light bulb went off and as I started learning more about ADHD so many things suddenly made sense now and I wasn't a bad person after all.
Could do one with sex as part of coping with ADHD
Please help research this information because it's connected to symptoms: GOOGLE "DIAGNOSING AND TREATING VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY," That title exactly, it's a TH-cam VIDEO. IT'S important to watch the whole thing and take good notes. It's really important. ❤ Being low on one specific correct type of B12 Methylcobalamine and methylfolate and Vitamin B complex can cause anemia and a huge list of both physical and emotional symptoms.
I’m no so happy I have to go to school I hate school
Imagine being 57 and diagnosed with it! I scored in the 99 percentile for ADHD. I can't believe how much it explains about my life and the issues that started as early as 6 years old
I was diagnosed at 57 also. Suddenly my life made sense.
I found out in the last yearish 5 months b4 my 60th birthday in May explains my whole damn life. But yet appreciated fing out. Now trying change my life to work WITH IT
Singing not sing ging! And the k after something, thing etc. Drives me insane😡
Diagnosed one week before my 57th birthday.
Very helpful and informative! Can’t wait to discuss this with others.
I am a male, I had a nervous breakdown to get my ADHD, 4 years ago , aged 41. I got my degree, pgdip without any support. I have dyspraxia, Aspergers traits, not including generalised anxiety disorder.My psychiatrist said my ADHD, was missed because I was well behaved in school, intelligent and driven.
Still sounds like me lol
I’m in my 70s, menopause in my 40s plus severe trauma knocked me flat. Less impulsive but executive function shot. Only recently aware I’ve been adhd all my life. My response initially was to withdraw altogether from life and things got worse, as someone else in the comments mentioned use it or lose it. I’m not convinced post menopause is a transition, but a permanent change you have to deal with. My experience anyway. I’ve worked hard for 3 years now to regain physical ability and mental health. Diet, supplements, exercise, mental exercise…I’m doing okay. But the hormone shifts are a huge part of adhd, my cycles were a nightmare when I was younger. And menopause changed me permanently. It’s been easier knowing I have adhd as I can consciously adjust and adapt where needed instead of fighting to be ‘normal’.
Seems like using A.I. in place of memory recall will help with work, but it definitely will not help prevent more recall memory loss. Anything you stop using/doing (whether its a choice or a medical reason) means the neural pathways in that part of the brain are not receiving stimulation. That stimulation, however little may still aid in new neuron connections forming ... which could possible help reroute the nerve connections to the area in your brain where recall used to take place. Similar to how people relearn functions like eating, speaking or walking after a stroke or other brain injury. The same way people with spinal cord damage can regenerate nerves through continued physical therapy forms like the use of an "exoskeleton" device which supports them in the upright natural walking position and is also attached around their legs - moving their legs (walking) for them to keep muscle healthy & to help retain muscle memory until spinal nerves can regenerate.