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Today I'm gonna talk about
6.1 Socialization: Meaning & Definition
6.2 Process of Socialization
6.3 Agencies of socialization
6.4 Re-socialization
#sociology #socialsystem #class11sociology #sociologyclass11 #socialization #socializing #socialmedia #family #friends #school #neighborhood #teacher #moralstories
The function of all children’s stories
is to create a sense in children of what
is right / wrong, acceptable/unacceptable,
do’s / don’ts prevalent in a particular
society. It gives them a sense of growing
up in their own world. This process
whereby vulnerable infants become self
aware, skilled individuals is termed as
socialization.
The focus of this chapter is to
understand the meaning and process of
socialization. It aims to see how the
individual becomes a social actor competent
to participate in society.
we are born with certain abilities that are
integral to our ‘human nature’. The process
of socialization on the other hand signifies
the role of ‘nurture’ in human development.
Sociologists use the term socialization to
refer to lifelong social experiences by
which human beings are transformed into
social beings.
Such stories and cases like Genie’s
suggest that human contact is necessary
for basic social and physical development.
For example, simple skills such as walking
upright or using language that we assume
in a conventionally raised child, were
missing in Genie. Such examples denote
the significance of socialization.
Human behaviour and skills have to
be taught and learnt. This learning process
which we describe as socialization
transforms the individual self into a social
self. Through socialization we learn the
behavioural rules to become active
members of a social group.
According to Mead, formation of self
occurs in three distinct stages
Stage 1: Imitation: In this stage,
children imitate behaviour of adults
without understanding it. A little boy
might drive his mother to her office by
driving his toy car, or help his parents
clean the floor by pushing a broom or
stick around the room.
Stage 2: Play Stage: A child plays,
sometimes as being a mother or a teacher,
at times a postal worker, a police officer
etc.
In this stage, responses are not
organised. A child internalises the attitudes
of others who are significant to her/him
through enacting the roles of others.
‘Significant others’ is a term used by
Mead to refer to those individuals who are
most important in the development of the
‘self’. A ‘significant other’ is someone
whose opinions matter to us and who is
in a position to influence our thinking,
especially about ourselves. A significant
other can be anyone such as parents,
siblings, friends, and teachers.
self.
Stage 3: Game Stage: As a child
matures, and as the ‘self’ gradually
develops, one internalises the expectations
of a large number of people. Children
learn to behave according to the
impressions of others and in different
situations.
They learn to understand
interactions involving different people with
a
variety of purposes. They understand
that ‘role play’ in each situation involves
following a consistent set of rules and
expectations. For example, a child at this
stage is likely to be aware of the different
responsibilities of people in a restaurant
who together, make for a smooth dining
experience (someone seats you, another
takes your order, someone else cooks the
food, while yet another person clears away
used dishes). Now they develop the ability
to take the role according to the perception
of
others. Thus, the ‘self’ is mainly
formed through our interactions with
others and our understanding of others
responses.
Resocialization can also be defined as
a process which subjects an individual to
new values, attitudes, and skills defined as
adequate, according to the norms of a
particular institution, and the person must
change in order to function adequately
according to those norms. A prison sentence,
is a good example. The individual not only
has to change and rehabilitate one’s
behaviour in order to return to society, but
she/he must also accommodate the new
norms required for living while in prison.
Severity of re-socialization depends on the
context in which it is carried out. For
example, re-socialization which happens
when an individual enters into a completely
different and new occupational world is
milder than the one which will take place
in a ‘total institution’ like prison.
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