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Who knew bricks could be so interesting ! Having heard Stephen in person in a talk organised by the Townscape Heritage scheme in Lurgan, we learned a lot !

Fascinating, particularly with regard to the dimensions of these buildings. Is the survey still ongoing ?

If you don’t try to fit a Y-shaped pendant on a horse’s head, but place it in the place where all sane people of that era used it, you won’t need to come up with such an exotic bridle design. This is just a cavalry spur; in ancient times it was an unpaired item, and it was worn on the left leg. See ancient statues and synchronous finds in museums. Your auctions regularly sell such artifacts - they were so common and commonly used. Your spur has an abnormally long burr because a tall rider could not otherwise use the spur on a tall pony. There is only one spur, because when sitting without stirrups, the leg does not work as a means of controlling the horse, and at first spurs were used only to stimulate the horse, like a modern rider uses a whip. The second spur will appear only after the stirrups are introduced.

Introduction of the lecturer: 6:52 Lecture starts, summary of the presentation: 9:20

Shared with some fellow archaeology enthusiasts. Very glad that this talk is available to those who were unable to attend the event. Thank you, UAS !

Lochs and Crannogs could indicate the chaldean church..

Strange no mention of the chaldean church..

The Bronze Age in Ireland and Britain was Celtic. There is no linguistic-oligarchy change that is not accompanied by an architecture and cultural change. The golden torc is one stylistic artifact of a late Celtic fashion movement, not the entire definition for the 2000 years of a linguistic-cultural tradition.

Brilliant project and brilliant work. Looking forward to detailed video on the mind blowing results of the Reindeer bone dates and proof of human activity 33k years ago!

Just thrilled by the work done at the Giants Ring! Bravo to all those who worked at the site. I visited the Giants Ring on the way to Bru na Boine one spectacular day after flying in to Belfast. I was absolutely stunned and overwhelmed by both sites, and i am so glad that we are making some progress toward understanding these massive neolithic mortuary complexes!! Cant wait to read the book. Brilliant work Dr Hartwell!!

Children all be home in safe houses only

Enjoying very much. Ulster. Thanks. Kind regards Niall O'Connell Dundalk Ireland.

Sadly, the pagan, sexualized connotations of these striking designs ruin their beauty for me.

Great documentary, very well done. That's lot of work, i thank you very much !

That seems to be so interesting and ambitious take on the data. I did my best to get the main findings and their significance throughout the talk. Alas. Not for the lay person listening. I look forward to getting this onowledge available to the public in a more public friendly style ...

I'd love to love this more but the stop start sounding audio is very hard to listen to

I enjoyed the video, always nice to discover more about Ireland's past. However, there is no mention of the yDNA results. which is a pity given the patrilineal nature of Gaelic society. The known yDNA results from Ranelagh caused a caused ripple (as ripples go) in the yDNA Genealogical community. Especially those those descending from the originator of M222 mutation, for it was reported in 2019 that "so far 40 or so of the remains have been subjected to genetic sequencing, a large number of the male samples were M222+, specifically DF106, from looking at the slide there was at least one DF108+ (DF105) individual and also at least one who was S588+”. Twelve percent of Irish males are descendant of the original M222+ son, and about 90% of them are also DF105+ (which is approximately dated to c.250 AD), making up about 10% of the modern Irish male population. Given their dynastic surnames and in turn their tribal associations. It can be said that DF105population are the descendants of the Connachta. Hence, skeleton RAN283 DF105+ is an early member of the Connachta. While, another skeleton with sub-marker S588, suggests that he was a descendant of Muireadhach mac Neill Noígíallach (and not to be confused, as the earlier records do, with Erc mac Neill Noígíallach). What would have be interesting is to place the radio carbon dates against the yDNA markets for comparison.

Get your act together

Thank you, Dr. Murphy and team, for this fascinating presentation. Regarding the executions: I'd be curious to know if there was nutritional and/or genetic evidence to determine the social class and geographic origin of the individuals discussed. Were the executions clustered in date, or, did the practice of disfiguration by the removal of hair span several centuries? You hypothesize that this disfigurement may have been to disqualify the individual (even symbolically) from high office; is it unlikely that the executed were civil criminals based upon the prevailing laws? And finally, you note that the victims were buried with ritual that would suggest they were being honored by those burying them. I wonder if they were executed elsewhere and returned to their people for burial, or perhaps after local execution, being interred in the graveyard typically reserved for women and children was a further symbolic diminishment of their honor. I am so delighted to see the expansion of specialist fields of archeology which allow for the closer inspection of the lives of the 99% of people who make up the vast majority of human history-not least because we are learning more about the roles of women. Thank you again for your work.

Amazing work

Absolutely fantastic work and his interpretation of the site and speculation about the wider unity of this ‘sacred’ and power site is astonishing…really fantastic work

interpretations do not facts make. the bronze was made from michigan copper

hi Michael, I only just came across the zoom chat , i really enjoyed it thank you. Just wondering if you have anything on the tower house at Castlemartyr, Co Cork.

evidence does not show that those people originating in eastern Europe "slaughtered their way through Europe" that's complete nonsense there is no significant increase in the number of bodies found with violent trauma on there bone from this time rather the reason for the lack of genetics from hunter gatherer peoples from this time period is that farming peoples from eastern Europe were far more successful at rearing children to adulthood and overtime slowly replaced the genetics of Europe this was not some kind of violent take over.

That was fascinating. Thank you

Nice talk Eimear!

Fantastic talk!!! It's bizarre to hear the word hyena in the context of it being a former Irish native!! Thank you for this and best luck for future digs.

I live 1 km from Pook cave - so really interested- walking the fields and woods daily it fascinating to understand the previous fauna that lived here... interesting date for the 1190 charcoal as the castle dates from 1112 ish....seems highly likely it would be lived in by troglodytes and Baldrick type serfs

It's very difficult for me to find more information on Hekla 3. This is the first video i could get to show up on the matter. Great video

Thank you for a most interesting talk. The implications of a better understanding of Irish 'native' species will have significant impact on our thinking around Irish ecology.

Thanks so much for that, y'all.

Amazing talk. Congratulations to Ruth and her team for her wonderful research.

This was an excellent presentation!

I was in full support until they said another structure needs to be removed because rich people don't like the way it looks next to there dirt pile. 🤦🏼‍♂️

Good information

Love this

Well done video!

Many thanks! I learned a lot, knowing very little of what you presented. I wonder how those ancients would have reacted to some later attempts to imagine how they looked. Somewhere between bewilderment and helpless laughter - and envy. 'If only we'd really had weapons like that! Those Romans wouldn't have had a chance! Had they ever even invaded.'

When Ninian built the white chapel it wasn't at Whithorn. 3rd and 4th century churches were round. It was what was named the Chapel of Aaron. It wasn't built in stone and whitewashed rather It was built from limestone. This chapel was demolished before the 6th century but the chapel of julius / julian the hosplitar nearby was expanded and in the late 6th century and was rededicated to Saint maelok / maelog. This monstry was given the formal name cambusmaelok shortened to camelok then corrupted to camelot. The name cameluk was given to this place by Edward 1st and its still called Aaron's wood and bryden.

That was very fascinating. It would interesting to have an extraterrestrial proxies chart superimposed with the volcanic. I noticed one of the graphs ends right at the end of the Younger Dryas, is this a difficult area in the ice cores with the rapid increase in temperature melting and concentrating proxies? Volcanic glass was an new one for me, surely diatoms and tektite glass are found. Does anyone have a source of such graphs that are not behind a paywall?

Fascinating stuff, thank you. Do you have a link to the Andy Nicholson lecture that you mention?

how can I watch these live?

Thanks Rena! That was a really fascinating talk :-) Remarkable to think that Irishmen might have been serving in the Roman army or perhaps exchanged horse tack with Germanic auxiliaries.

Superb stuff. Shared!

Great lecture Michael. We must make contact some time.

izuagj #von.rent

Alison Sheridan = the best.

Wasn’t there an over ninety percent genetic replacement in the British Isles around this time? Hard to argue it was anything other than annihilation.

I am not a Latinist, but I was under the impression that '(h)ic si(g)num' would translate as something like 'by this sign', and that therefore a now missing Christian 'sign' is implied. If so, at this date (c.450AD), it could have been a form of the Chi Ro cross. Can anyone comment on this please? Also, where can I find discussion on the inscription. Is there a recent ECMS style analysis of the inscription?

Cheers for that