The shortest path algorithm finds the minimum distance between two nodes in a graph, which may represent a network, map, or any other structure with weighted edges. The most commonly used algorithms are Dijkstra's algorithm, which works for graphs with non-negative edge weights by progressively selecting the closest unvisited node and updating the distances of its neighbors, and Bellman-Ford algorithm, which can handle negative edge weights and also detects negative weight cycles. A algorithm*, an extension of Dijkstra's, uses heuristics to optimize search, making it more efficient in certain contexts like pathfinding on maps. These algorithms help solve problems like navigation, routing, and resource allocation, ensuring the most efficient path is selected.
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