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00:00 Intro / Giriş
00:16 Derinkuyu Underground City / Derinkuyu Yeraltı Şehri
11:42 Grave / Mezar
17:13 Stall / Ahır
ENGLISH
Derinkuyu ("deep well") (Cappadocian Greek: Μαλακοπή; Latin: Malakopí) is a town in Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Derinkuyu District.[2] Its population is 10,912 (2022).[1] The elevation is 1,333 m (4,373 ft).[3]
HISTORY
Located in Cappadocia, Derinkuyu is notable for its large multi-level underground city, which is a major tourist attraction. The historical region of Cappadocia, where Derinkuyu is situated, contains several historical underground cities, carved out of a unique geological formation. They are not generally occupied. Over 200 underground cities at least two levels deep have been discovered in the area between Kayseri and Nevşehir, with around 40 of those having at least three levels. The troglodyte cities at Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı are two of the best examples of underground dwellings.
The oldest written source about underground structures is the writings of Xenophon. In his Anabasis (circa 370 BCE), he writes that the people living in Anatolia had excavated their houses underground, living well in accommodations large enough for the family, domestic animals, and supplies of stored food.[4] The first two floors of the Derinkuyu Underground City have been dated to this early period.
From Byzantine times (4th century CE) through 1923 Derinkuyu was known by its Cappadocian Greek inhabitants as Malakopea (Greek: Μαλακοπέα).[5] The underground city was greatly expanded in the middle Byzantine period to serve as a refuge from the raids of the Umayyad Arab and Abbasid armies, during the Arab-Byzantine wars (780-1180). The city contained food stores, kitchens, stalls, churches, wine and oil presses, ventilation shafts, wells, and a religious school. The Derinkuyu underground city has at least eight levels and depth of 85 m and could have sheltered thousands of people. The city continued to be used as protection from the Mongolian incursions of Timur in the 14th century.[6][7] After the region fell to the Ottomans the cities were used as refuges (Greek: καταφύγια). As late as the 20th century the town's inhabitants, called Cappadocian Greeks, were still using the underground chambers to escape periodic waves of Ottoman persecution.[8] (The Cambridge linguist Dawkins, who spent time in the towns from 1910-1911 while writing his book on Cappadocian Greek wrote, "their use as places of refuge in time of danger is indicated by their name καταφύγια. In 1909, when the news came of the recent massacres at Adana, a great part of the population at Axo took refuge in these underground chambers, and for some nights did not venture to sleep above ground.[9] When the Cappadocian Greeks were required to leave in 1923 in the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the tunnels were finally abandoned
TÜRKÇE
Tarihi kesin olarak bilinmemekle beraber, ilçenin eski bir yerleşim birimi olduğu, tarihinin M.Ö 3000 yıllarına kadar ulaştığı tahmin edilmektedir. İlçenin eski adı Malakopi'dir.[3] Derinkuyu'nun ilk yerlileri Asur kolonilerine kadar uzanır. İlçede Roma ve Bizans döneminden kalma kalıntılar vardır. İlçe Kapadokya bölgesinde yeralmaktadır.
Türkler 1071 Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesi'nden sonra gelmeye başlamışlar, ilçenin doğusundaki Çekme, Kızılören, Şemşili, Bölören, Topaleyüp ve Melizlik yaylalarına yerleşerek hayvancılıkla geçimlerini sağlamaya çalışmışlardır. İlçenin bugünkü adı olan "Derinkuyu" halkın içme suyunu 60-70 metre derinliğindeki kuyulardan temin etmesinden dolayı verilmiştir. Kapadokya'nın 36 yeraltı şehrinin en büyük yeraltı şehri olan Derinkuyu yeraltı şehri 1967 yılında turizme açılmış olup, 8 katlıdır. Derinkuyu İlçesinde Bizans döneminden kalma Aya Maryeros Yeraltı Manastırı'nın dünyada akıl hastanesi olarak kullanılan ilk yer olduğu bilinmektedir. İlçede Osmanlı döneminden kalma Aziz Theodoros Trion Kilisesi (Üzümlü Kilise) ve Baş Melekler Kilisesi bulunmaktadır. Baş Melekler Kilisesi daha sonra 1924 yılında ibadete kapatılmış 1949 yılında Derinkuyulu Tahsin Ertaş tarafından satın alınarak Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'na bağışlanıp camiye dönüştürülmüştür. Günümüzde Derinkuyu Cumhuriyet Camii olarak kullanılmaktadır.[4]