The laws of karma, as elaborated in Vedic literature and specifically in the works of Srila Prabhupada, govern the cycle of action and reaction based on one's deeds. Here's a summary based on the principles:
1. Definition of Karma:
Karma refers to actions performed under material laws and their corresponding reactions. Every action generates a specific result, either good or bad, depending on the intention and mode of action.
2. Three Types of Karma:
Sanchita Karma: The accumulated past actions, whose reactions are yet to manifest.
Prarabdha Karma: Actions from the past whose results are manifesting in the current life.
Kriyamana Karma (Agami): Actions being performed in the present, which will yield future results.
3. Action and Reaction:
According to Bhagavad-gita and Srimad Bhagavatam, all living entities act under the influence of three modes of material nature-goodness, passion, and ignorance. These modes influence the quality and outcomes of karma​​​.
4. Freedom Through Bhakti:
Devotional service to Krishna (bhakti-yoga) is emphasized as the way to transcend karma. By surrendering to the Supreme Lord and performing actions as an offering to Him, one becomes free from the bondage of karmic reactions​​.
5. Practical Application:
Actions should align with dharma (righteousness) as prescribed in scriptures, avoiding activities driven by selfish desires or ignorance. Actions performed selflessly for the pleasure of Krishna are classified as akarma, or free from karmic reactions​​.
6. Illustrative Examples:
Stories like those of Ajamila, who was saved from the reaction of sinful actions by chanting the holy name of Narayana at the end of his life, highlight how divine grace and devotion can override karmic debts​.
Conclusion:
The laws of karma ensure that every action, good or bad, has a corresponding reaction. Liberation from this cycle is achieved through surrender to Krishna and performing devotional service without selfish motivation. This transforms material karma into spiritual engagement.