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The Curious Lobster
United Kingdom
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 17 ม.ค. 2023
Hello and welcome to my channel. I am The Curious Lobster. Formerly known as Tech Tacular. I will be uploading videos of all things tech related, whether it be a project or product. I'll only be posting things that i think people will find genuinely interesting and worth bringing to peoples attention. I hope you enjoy the content.
ITER: The Project Everyone Is Waiting For
For billions of years, hydrogen fusion has powered the heat and light of our sun. But the mechanism behind the miracle, the conversion of hydrogen into helium by fusion, was only identified by physicists in the 1920s and 1930s.
Britain's New Super Mine - th-cam.com/video/22dIkWYUAxQ/w-d-xo.html
By the 1950s, the race to reproduce fusion reactions on earth was underway in the Soviet Union, the United States, Europe, and Japan.
A machine called a tokamak quickly outdistanced others in performance and became the predominant concept. In November 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan put forward the idea of an international project to develop fusion energy for peaceful purposes. The ETA project was born.
The European Union and Japan joined the Soviet Union and the United States, and conceptual design work was launched. Increasingly detailed engineering work followed until the final design of ETA was approved by the members in 2001. Five years later, with the new members China, South Korea, and India, a site for the project was selected in France.
The ETA organization was established by international agreement, and clearing and levelling works began on-site under the responsibility of the French government. In August 2010, 25 years after the decisive encounter between Reagan and Gorbachev, construction started on the first buildings of the ETA scientific installation. The ETA headquarters was inaugurated in January 2013.
Today, the site infrastructure required for first plasma is 80% complete. The assembly of the ETA tokamak was launched in May 2020 with the installation of the first major component, the base of the cryostat. Since then, the first of nine vacuum vessel sectors, paired with two D-shaped toroidal field magnet coils, have been lowered into the tokamak pit.
Scientific exploitation will begin in approximately 4 years with first plasma. Subsequent periods of experimentation and assembly will bring the machine to its full power configuration and fusion operation in 2035.
ETA will open the way to harnessing the energy source of the sun and the stars as a clean, safe, and unlimited source of energy for humanity.
So that's a little bit about the ETA story, now lets take a look at the science behind the project.
We're all familiar with solids, liquids, and gases, but did you know there is a fourth state of matter? Plasma, which makes up 99% of visible matter in the universe. On Earth, we come across plasma in a number of natural forms, for example, lightning or the northern lights known as the Aurora Borealis. But we also know how to make plasma and use it in our everyday lives. Take a flat screen television, for example, or the fluorescent tubes that illuminate our public or commercial buildings.
Atoms are composed of a positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. When atoms are subjected to high temperatures, millions of degrees Celsius, the electrons are separated from the nuclei, creating an ionized gas that we call plasma.
In the centre of stellar bodies like the sun and the stars, gravitation creates the pressure and temperature that causes hydrogen nuclei to fuse. In these hot and dense centres, atoms never rest, and the hotter they get, the faster they move. In the sun's core, where temperatures reach 15 million degrees Celsius, atoms collide at very high speeds and fuse. The fusion of light hydrogen atoms produces a heavier element, helium, and very large quantities of energy.
To reproduce fusion in a laboratory on Earth, scientists use two isotopes of hydrogen: deuterium, composed of one proton and one neutron, and tritium, composed of one proton and two neutrons. A plasma provides the environment in which these elements can fuse and yield energy.
Creating fusion requires maintaining a very high-temperature plasma inside of a torus-shaped chamber called a vacuum vessel. Huge magnets surrounding the chamber create a magnetic field capable of keeping the plasma in suspension away from the walls.
What is the purpose of creating fusion in the laboratory? The demand for energy in the world continues to rise. However, the use of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil produces harmful pollution and greenhouse gases.
Fusion fuels are widely available and nearly inexhaustible. Deuterium can be distilled from all forms of water, and tritium will be produced during the fusion reaction as fusion neutrons interact with lithium.
Footage in this video has either been obtained with permission from the original copyright owner or used in compliance with section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976 where allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. No infringement intended.
Video by iterorganization licensed under cc/by. Original sounds have been changed.
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
www.iter.org/
Britain's New Super Mine - th-cam.com/video/22dIkWYUAxQ/w-d-xo.html
By the 1950s, the race to reproduce fusion reactions on earth was underway in the Soviet Union, the United States, Europe, and Japan.
A machine called a tokamak quickly outdistanced others in performance and became the predominant concept. In November 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan put forward the idea of an international project to develop fusion energy for peaceful purposes. The ETA project was born.
The European Union and Japan joined the Soviet Union and the United States, and conceptual design work was launched. Increasingly detailed engineering work followed until the final design of ETA was approved by the members in 2001. Five years later, with the new members China, South Korea, and India, a site for the project was selected in France.
The ETA organization was established by international agreement, and clearing and levelling works began on-site under the responsibility of the French government. In August 2010, 25 years after the decisive encounter between Reagan and Gorbachev, construction started on the first buildings of the ETA scientific installation. The ETA headquarters was inaugurated in January 2013.
Today, the site infrastructure required for first plasma is 80% complete. The assembly of the ETA tokamak was launched in May 2020 with the installation of the first major component, the base of the cryostat. Since then, the first of nine vacuum vessel sectors, paired with two D-shaped toroidal field magnet coils, have been lowered into the tokamak pit.
Scientific exploitation will begin in approximately 4 years with first plasma. Subsequent periods of experimentation and assembly will bring the machine to its full power configuration and fusion operation in 2035.
ETA will open the way to harnessing the energy source of the sun and the stars as a clean, safe, and unlimited source of energy for humanity.
So that's a little bit about the ETA story, now lets take a look at the science behind the project.
We're all familiar with solids, liquids, and gases, but did you know there is a fourth state of matter? Plasma, which makes up 99% of visible matter in the universe. On Earth, we come across plasma in a number of natural forms, for example, lightning or the northern lights known as the Aurora Borealis. But we also know how to make plasma and use it in our everyday lives. Take a flat screen television, for example, or the fluorescent tubes that illuminate our public or commercial buildings.
Atoms are composed of a positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. When atoms are subjected to high temperatures, millions of degrees Celsius, the electrons are separated from the nuclei, creating an ionized gas that we call plasma.
In the centre of stellar bodies like the sun and the stars, gravitation creates the pressure and temperature that causes hydrogen nuclei to fuse. In these hot and dense centres, atoms never rest, and the hotter they get, the faster they move. In the sun's core, where temperatures reach 15 million degrees Celsius, atoms collide at very high speeds and fuse. The fusion of light hydrogen atoms produces a heavier element, helium, and very large quantities of energy.
To reproduce fusion in a laboratory on Earth, scientists use two isotopes of hydrogen: deuterium, composed of one proton and one neutron, and tritium, composed of one proton and two neutrons. A plasma provides the environment in which these elements can fuse and yield energy.
Creating fusion requires maintaining a very high-temperature plasma inside of a torus-shaped chamber called a vacuum vessel. Huge magnets surrounding the chamber create a magnetic field capable of keeping the plasma in suspension away from the walls.
What is the purpose of creating fusion in the laboratory? The demand for energy in the world continues to rise. However, the use of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil produces harmful pollution and greenhouse gases.
Fusion fuels are widely available and nearly inexhaustible. Deuterium can be distilled from all forms of water, and tritium will be produced during the fusion reaction as fusion neutrons interact with lithium.
Footage in this video has either been obtained with permission from the original copyright owner or used in compliance with section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976 where allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. No infringement intended.
Video by iterorganization licensed under cc/by. Original sounds have been changed.
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
www.iter.org/
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what the hell is a fertiliser approved for organic use mean?
And this is why I was trying to tell everybody we don't need f****** gas no more but nobody wants to ever listen to me I said no fracking I told everybody I'm trying to fix the planet and not destroy it
23 mile should maxmize production bondage befor use a bill i.t
1 L of a bypass
I loved this video right up until I saw that the product was being shipped around the world. What % of Polyhalite is being used in the UK? Also, how did the Americans get in on this? Do we ever keep anything for ourselves?
I saw a video the other day showing an existing one mile deep mine not far from the site of this one that has been mining polyhalite for many years. It takes 45 minutes to travel from the surface to the mining face. They are already miles under the ocean.
How is it clean when they use fuel rods witch when have to be stored. There are probably millions already being stored going to be great for people in a 1000 years if they find them treasure 🤑
France...my word, what next china,pakistan.Nuclear power is clean free power.
I may be wrong but so many on comments saying how this is good for britian, I am not so sure ,the last government has let an America company ,Anglo America PLC control this mine ,what benefits to the uk in revenue we have I do not know, jobs mabey but where are the real profits going.
Yeah this mine is going so well
Unfortunately they are slowing / pausing construction of this mine and laying off all the workers now.
We just need sustainable Tritium fuel. ❤
Why can't the same consideration be given to coal instead of fighting against the construction of the Cumbrian coal mine.
We had another rare commodity too..... coal....some of the best in the world !!
The biggest winners will always be the shareholders, it’s a pity that the mine isn’t owned and funded by the government that way all the money would be ploughed back into the economy.
Why do we need the yanks involved, aren't we capable of mining anymore.
Anglo American are a dual listed company, UK and SA. I don't think the US is involved beyond the historical name.
good content but the weird AI voice is deeply off putting
Smr can be welded in a day instead of a month, with new welding tech
Why would site preparation take two years? To level a few acres, build a compacted pad and lay down a concrete slab - two years? The Roman legions built forts to this moated design in weeks. Two years gives local opposition time to gather social momentum. Sharpen your pencil.
This countries media has missed this fantastic project. But it never fails to miss out trivial news which has no impact on everyone's lives.On the plus side, this is a fascinating project, shame the HS2 project was not run as well.I wish all involved the very best, well done!!😊
It's nice to see something opening instead of been demolished if this were a coalmine they would have been protests about it Britain saves the world steel work next😢
Why not do the same with uk coal 🤦🏼
Because coal feeds global warming, this is the opposite!
Britain Watch Out for this Anglo American Corporation, They Like Absolute Power. Definitely do Not Let Them Interfere in the Home Market, Food Market or Transport Market. Also Anglo does Not Like Children so Keep a Close Watch on the Local Child Population.
What on Earth are you talking about???
@@thecuriouslobster Mining.
@@chrisgriffiths2533 You aren't talking about mining. You were talking about power and child population and other nonsense. So i say again, what on Earth are you talking about?? I think you should see help from a psychiatrist.
@@thecuriouslobsterLobster, Given it is Only You and I Involved in this Conversation. It's about Mining!.
@@chrisgriffiths2533 What the hell are you smoking!
More money to give away, move more trash into the country and ruin our country and lives 😢
There is a story that precede this one. The original company was Sirius minerals. Lots of local people invested their savings into the company which couldn't raise the necessary finance. The shares were bought for pennies in the pound.
like the patriotism.
If this is such a quality resource why are we not protecting this resource and making sure the local area benefits from this resource, are we doing the whole sell our resources off to foreign bidders for short-term money over a managed way similar to how Norway created a fund from its north shore oil resources?
The American in it's name doesn't mean it's American!!!!!!!!!!!
following michael snyder and his interview in the bulletin trumpism enters energy policy there is even more nuclear waste MacFarlane and colleagues’ paper, which is pretty logical if you think about it. If you have a small quantity of nuclear material that irradiates other materials, then it’s proportionally more per installed megawatt than for a large reactor in which there is a larger core.
Absolutely great, but of course it is another 15 percent, now we can pay 200,000.00 for a vehicle
One point in favor of traditional larger reactors is that they actually exist.
The 11.485 tons of spent fuel generated in one year by one 470MW reactor can fuel 12 1GW Molten Salt Reactors for one year. 940 kg of natural thorium in a Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) can generate 1 gigawatt (GW) of electricity for one year. The 87.21 tons of unused depleted uranium processed to obtain the 11.487 tons of enriched uranium can fuel a further 92 1GW Molten Salt Reactors for one year.
french start up builds a SMR's fast neutron in 2027 able to burn nuclear wastes. It uses melted salt, will be used by industry for heat, vapor, hydrogen, synthetic fuel.
I think their brand is creating some unique heritage value ,but the concept of putting custom Photos in dial is utter shit😂
Looks good on video but icl have been mining polyhalite for the last decade and its mining more than it can sell? So what's going to change with the massive tonage Anglo American are hoping to sell not a chance in hell 🤔
This is the future
This should be all over the news 🙄
0:40
How on this earth do the people of this country, not know of this? I have never even heard of this before. And I am always looking for advances in technology. That’s what I am interested in. And I’m sure that at the very least, 90% of the people of the UK do not know of this undertaking. Thank you for this vid.
Who really owns this mine ??
Anglo American!
Quintillion and quintillion dollars business in the universe years2024 mining coal iron 😊😊😊😊😊😊
Let's hope that the management can keep the project on track and fulfil on this..
Amazing bit of engineering plus amount of employment it's going to bring to the region great stuff👍
This was Sirus Minerals the share holders were rob of a fare return on shares held.
You say that but this mine has almost bought Anglo American to it's knees! Sirius wouldn't have got an ounce of polyhalite out of the ground before going bust!
They only pedal bad news, and what they want you to hear, and believe.
An American company… not a British company… what a surprise not
Did you miss the 'Anglo' bit of the name...they're listed on the FTSE in London...and headquartered in the UK... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_American_plc
Why do they hide things? Just adds extra unnecessary costs and time spent in the planning stage. Mines look amazing as part of the landscape. They’ve done the same with HS2 - building most of it underground. A high speed train would look great flying through the countryside.
These will be 2000 much needed jobs in Yorkshire
what's yours is mined
wonderfool nazi propaganda,... we can still use your shit guano, the greates nazi roll choice
What the hell are you smoking!
Hats off to the people that design the machines and systems to make project like this happen. Absolutely outstanding work