Concept of Virtual condition
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Virtual Condition (VC) is a concept in Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) that refers to a boundary condition that a part feature must not violate in order to ensure proper assembly or fit.
It combines the effects of size and geometric tolerances (like position or form) to define the extreme permissible limit of a feature under manufacturing conditions.
Virtual Condition Explained
Virtual Condition is most commonly applied to features like holes, shafts, or mating parts where the combination of size and positional tolerance impacts the assembly of the parts.
It establishes the maximum or minimum allowable boundary for a feature, considering both the size variation and any associated geometric tolerance.
For Internal Features (e.g., Holes)
When applied to internal features like holes, the Virtual Condition is the largest allowable size of the hole (Maximum Material Condition or MMC) minus the positional or geometric tolerance.
Example:
Hole nominal size: Ø10 mm
Maximum Material Condition (MMC): Ø9.8 mm (smallest hole size allowed)
Positional tolerance: ±0.1 mm
Virtual Condition (VC) for the hole = MMC − Positional tolerance
VC=9.8mm−0.1mm=9.7mm
This means the center of the hole must stay within a boundary of Ø9.7 mm to ensure proper function.
For External Features (e.g., Shafts)
For external features like shafts, the Virtual Condition is the smallest allowable size of the shaft (Maximum Material Condition or MMC) plus the positional or geometric tolerance.
Example:
Shaft nominal size: Ø20 mm
Maximum Material Condition (MMC): Ø20.2 mm (largest shaft size allowed)
Positional tolerance: ±0.1 mm
Virtual Condition (VC) for the shaft = MMC + Positional tolerance