John Michael “Mike” Linacre
John Michael “Mike” Linacre
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Linking Subsets with Winsteps and Facets
Disjoint and disconnected subsets of data, such as different raters rate different persons, can make person, item, rater measures incomparable. This video identifies potential problems in data designs, then suggests solutions: dummy data and group-anchoring.
มุมมอง: 1 401

วีดีโอ

Analyzing Differential Item Functioning DIF with Rasch-Winsteps
มุมมอง 8K5 ปีที่แล้ว
DIF is unexpectedly high or low performance by a group of people on a test item, relative to their overall performances. Practical details of this are shown using Winsteps output Tables. Also, Differential Person Functioning (DPF), Differential Test Functioning (DTF) and Differential Group Functioning (DGF).
Detecting multidimensionality in Rasch data using Winsteps Table 23
มุมมอง 10K6 ปีที่แล้ว
Principal Components Analysis of Residuals (PCAR) is used to discover secondary dimensions in the unexplained variance after the Rasch dimension has been removed from ordinal data. Guidance is given as to when secondary dimensions are problematic and what action can be taken. Missing data? Missing data are assigned residuals of zero when the correlations are calculated. This video follows the m...
Rasch Thresholds and Category Frequencies: what happens when Andrich Thresholds become disordered?
มุมมอง 1.6K6 ปีที่แล้ว
Let's see what changes when Andrich thresholds go from ordered to disordered. Can you guess? ...
Rasch Thresholds and Category Disordering: A Simple Experiment You can do Yourself!
มุมมอง 1.1K6 ปีที่แล้ว
Do disordered categories cause disordered Andrich thresholds? This simple analysis, that you can do yourself, says ..... Here is the Winsteps/Ministep control and data file: Title="Rasch Thresholds and Category Disordering" ni=2 ; 2 items item1=1 ; items start in column 1 name1=4; person label starts in column 4 codes=012 ; valid response codes isgroups=0 ; partial credit model: each item has i...
Rating-Scale Category Widths, Andrich thresholds and Rasch-Thurstone thresholds
มุมมอง 8336 ปีที่แล้ว
Threshold width on the latent variable is dominated by the frequency (count) of the observations in the intermediate category, assuming that average person measures are higher in higher categories. This video demonstrates how, as the count decreases, the category thresholds become closer together. The Andrich thresholds become disordered (disappear in this video) long before the count of observ...
Rasch model estimation: Calculationg calibrations and mean-squares with JMLE. Linacre, 2001 - Part 3
มุมมอง 1.3K7 ปีที่แล้ว
Rasch model estimation: Calculationg calibrations and mean-squares with JMLE (Winsteps). John Michael Linacre, 2001 - Part 3
Rasch model estimation: Calculationg calibrations and mean-squares with JMLE. Linacre, 2001 - Part 2
มุมมอง 1.9K7 ปีที่แล้ว
Rasch model estimation: Calculationg calibrations and mean-squares with JMLE (Winsteps). John Michael Linacre, 2001 - Part 2
Rasch model estimation: Calculating calibrations and mean-squares with JMLE. Linacre, 2001 - Part 1
มุมมอง 7K7 ปีที่แล้ว
Rasch model estimation: Calculating calibrations and mean-squares with JMLE (Winsteps). John Michael Linacre, 2001 - Part 1
The Rasch Model. Benjamin D. Wright, 1988.
มุมมอง 1.8K7 ปีที่แล้ว
The Rasch Model. Benjamin D. Wright, 1988.
Introduction to the Rasch Model. Benjamin D. Wright, 1994. All - Parts 1+2+3
มุมมอง 8K7 ปีที่แล้ว
Introduction to the Rasch Model. Benjamin D. Wright, 1994. All - Parts 1 2 3
Introduction to Rasch Measurement (version for China). John Michael Linacre, 2007?
มุมมอง 4507 ปีที่แล้ว
Introduction to Rasch Measurement (version for China). John Michael Linacre, 2007?
Bigsteps (Rasch Software, precursor to Winsteps) Training. Linacre, 1995?. Part 3
มุมมอง 2017 ปีที่แล้ว
Bigsteps (Rasch Software, precursor to Winsteps) Training. Linacre, 1995?. Part 3
Bigsteps (Rasch Software, precursor to Winsteps) Training. Linacre, 1995? Part 2
มุมมอง 2637 ปีที่แล้ว
Bigsteps (Rasch Software, precursor to Winsteps) Training. Linacre, 1995? Part 2
Bigsteps (Rasch Software, precursor to Winsteps) Training. Linacre, 1995? Part 1
มุมมอง 5087 ปีที่แล้ว
Bigsteps (Rasch Software, precursor to Winsteps) Training Seminar. John Michael Linacre, 1995?, videotaped by Thomas O'Neill - Part 1
Measurement, Rasch Model and Microscale (precursor to Winsteps). Benjamin D. Wright, 1985(?).
มุมมอง 7927 ปีที่แล้ว
Measurement, Rasch Model and Microscale (precursor to Winsteps). Benjamin D. Wright, 1985(?).
Rasch Model Explanations (Waterbury, Connecticut). Benjamin D. Wright, 1984.
มุมมอง 8797 ปีที่แล้ว
Rasch Model Explanations (Waterbury, Connecticut). Benjamin D. Wright, 1984.
Rasch Model Explanations (Portland, Oregon). Benjamin D. Wright, 1974.
มุมมอง 1K7 ปีที่แล้ว
Rasch Model Explanations (Portland, Oregon). Benjamin D. Wright, 1974.
Introduction to the Rasch Model - Benjamin D. Wright, 1994 - Part 2
มุมมอง 4407 ปีที่แล้ว
Introduction to the Rasch Model - Benjamin D. Wright, 1994 - Part 2
Introduction to the Rasch Model - Benjamin D. Wright, 1994 - Part 1
มุมมอง 9447 ปีที่แล้ว
Introduction to the Rasch Model - Benjamin D. Wright, 1994 - Part 1
Introduction to the Rasch Model - Benjamin D. Wright, 1994 - Part 3
มุมมอง 2767 ปีที่แล้ว
Introduction to the Rasch Model - Benjamin D. Wright, 1994 - Part 3
Rasch Model Interview: Ben Wright interviewed by Mike Linacre, 1994
มุมมอง 3.9K10 ปีที่แล้ว
Rasch Model Interview: Ben Wright interviewed by Mike Linacre, 1994
Introduction to Rasch Measurement and Winsteps, 2007?
มุมมอง 18K11 ปีที่แล้ว
Introduction to Rasch Measurement and Winsteps, 2007?
Rasch measurement: its philosophy, Linacre, 2007?
มุมมอง 2.2K11 ปีที่แล้ว
Rasch measurement: its philosophy, Linacre, 2007?
Many-Facets Rasch Measurement - MFRM - what it does, Linacre, 2010?
มุมมอง 2.6K11 ปีที่แล้ว
Many-Facets Rasch Measurement - MFRM - what it does, Linacre, 2010?

ความคิดเห็น

  • @lolbanana4599
    @lolbanana4599 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    can item fit statistics fit the rasch model while having disordered probability curves?

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Hi L. - if you mean "disordered thresholds" (caused by low frequency categories) then these are permissible according to the Rasch model and so the item fit statistics can fit. If you mean "disordered categories" (caused by higher ability persons responding in lower categories), then these contradict the Rasch model and so the items will probably misfit.

  • @blk_lies
    @blk_lies 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    god bless the existence of this video and availablility to watch

  • @scientific-accomplishment
    @scientific-accomplishment 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I am always respecting you!!

  • @jogobonitogabriel
    @jogobonitogabriel 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hai Prof Michael. I'm curious about rasch regression analysis. Can you help me to understand this analysis?

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thank you for your request. "Rasch Regression" - do you mean www.rasch.org/rmt/rmt143u.htm ?

    • @jogobonitogabriel
      @jogobonitogabriel 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@johnmichaellinacre4960 yes prof....i search for the video about rassch regression but i didnt find.

    • @jogobonitogabriel
      @jogobonitogabriel 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@johnmichaellinacre4960 Yes Prof. But for me, its easy to learn this analysis with video, step by step to do this analysis

  • @JSinval
    @JSinval ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for this valuable opportunity to see one o Rasch modeling pioneers in action.

  • @MadhumatiManjunath
    @MadhumatiManjunath ปีที่แล้ว

    This is a great lecture, Dr. Linacre. Would you upload your lectures on Marginal Maximum Likelihood Estimation as well, if you have any recordings of those?

  • @frohnzy04
    @frohnzy04 ปีที่แล้ว

    brilliant Mike. Thank you.

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 ปีที่แล้ว

      You asked: hi mike, can you tell me how to make the graph for info in table 23.6 and plot the trend line. It's not from laziness I ask, but speed. I am still coming to grips with this info and PCA and developing winsteps and now excel skills. A beautiful...but long journey alone. TIA Reply: copy and paste Table 23.6 into Excel. It will all go in column A. Then in Excel, Data, Text to Columns, Fixed Width. Then with the columns of numbers you want. Excel , Insert, Scatterplot, and add a Trend line to the scatterplot. OK?

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 ปีที่แล้ว

      You say you do not have Table 23.1 - strange! With Table 23.6, you can compute the disattenuated correlations yourself - see www.rasch.org/rmt/rmt101g.htm

    • @frohnzy04
      @frohnzy04 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Mike, you are incredible generous with your time and help. Thank you for these replies. Re. Tale 23.1. I was using a version on winsteps from a training course. I just bought the new version. I have that table now.

    • @frohnzy04
      @frohnzy04 ปีที่แล้ว

      I will follow your advice on using 23.6. thank you again.

  • @scientific-accomplishment
    @scientific-accomplishment 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are the best of the best!! I learned so much!!

  • @jreub84
    @jreub84 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is incredibly helpful! Thank you for sharing!

  • @madhumatimanjunath6931
    @madhumatimanjunath6931 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's a pleasure to understand how Rasch Measurement works from one of the giants of the field himself! Thank you Dr. Linacre for sharing this lecture!

  • @joaquincruz2404
    @joaquincruz2404 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lovely! Finally, I got to understand it!!

  • @abdulghanialmasri5550
    @abdulghanialmasri5550 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great explanation really, i wish the whole lecture is uploaded. Thanks a lot for the great video.

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi - Parts 2 and 3 of the lecture are on TH-cam, Search for "Rasch model estimation"

    • @abdulghanialmasri5550
      @abdulghanialmasri5550 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@johnmichaellinacre4960 oh, that is amazing. You are the best.

  • @shahdue75
    @shahdue75 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much for this tutorial. I've watched it a number of times. When I re-watch (to analyse a different set of data), I gained a better understanding.

  • @fouzulkareemaismail1835
    @fouzulkareemaismail1835 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you, Dr. Linacre. This video is very helpful.

  • @ignatiuslien2715
    @ignatiuslien2715 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dr Linacre, i tried to import in an excel file but got an error,; WININPUT 4.6.0 at excelmod line: 22070 Error: 1AD ActiveX component can't create object. Could i check why is this so? I ensure there is only 1 tab in the excel file

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Ignatius: thanks for trying, and for asking :-) Winsteps needs a fully-installed Windows version of Excel. Even then sometimes a Microsoft component is missing, So also please install www.winsteps.com/a/Winsteps-Facets-system-files.exe - download this, then right-click on it and "Run as Administrator". OK, Ignatius?

    • @ignatiuslien2715
      @ignatiuslien2715 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you Dr Linacre, I was wondering if winstep could be install on Mac, i tried it without success.

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ignatiuslien2715 Sorry, Winsteps is 32-bit windows software. It does not work, even under Windows, in recent iOS versions.

  • @Audrey2022BabyGirl
    @Audrey2022BabyGirl 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you professor. btw, you made me think of my grandpa.

  • @Aftinaftina
    @Aftinaftina 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    The video is not clearer... I can't read what he wrote in the board/ pointed in the flip-chart. However, his explanation was very understandable!

  • @kimlombard1638
    @kimlombard1638 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Mike, this was a great video, thank. My version of WINSTEPS is 3.68.2, is it not possible to do several of these steps in this version? For example, there is no Table 23.1. Thanks in advance, Kim

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Kim, yes. Winsteps 3.68 and other earlier versions of Winsteps have the Table 23 subtables numbered differently. For instance, current Table 23.1 is probably Table 23.2 in your version. Current Table 23 includes information not in earlier Table 23. See www.winsteps.com/winman/ for information about extra information in Table 23.

    • @kimlombard1638
      @kimlombard1638 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@johnmichaellinacre4960 Hi Mike, Thank you very much for your informative response, this is good to know, thanks! Kim

    • @kimlombard1638
      @kimlombard1638 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@johnmichaellinacre4960 Hi Mike, one last question, if I was to purchase the newest edition of WINSTEPS, is it advisable that I uninstall my current version before installing the new version? Many thanks, Kim

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@kimlombard1638 Hi Kim, no need to uninstall :-)

  • @connorbenz4866
    @connorbenz4866 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    You rock! Best video ever! Super helpful for my Master's!

  • @johnking2712
    @johnking2712 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you!

  • @migglep
    @migglep 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank youuuu

  • @eisaaa
    @eisaaa 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for this!

  • @wasilatulsofa
    @wasilatulsofa 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yes, me too! So helpful. Thank uuuu

  • @zinibrahim1026
    @zinibrahim1026 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    In table 23.2, the red box looks like the Knox Cube data while the blue box looks like the Liking for Science. Did you purposely combine the two sets of data to show there are 2 dimensions?

  • @kimberlyyeokahyii
    @kimberlyyeokahyii 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    so cute lol, helpful too (:

  • @delphinehansen4259
    @delphinehansen4259 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Professor Linacre, thank you for your video, very useful to help me in my research projects and easily explained to quickly understand new concepts!

  • @googie200011
    @googie200011 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is very helpful, thank you. g

  • @googie200011
    @googie200011 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are amazing! Thank you so much, this video is very helpful!

  • @doctorat2008
    @doctorat2008 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks fort sharing thi

  • @learn5081
    @learn5081 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can we do this in FACETS as well?

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Sorry, not in Facets, but Facets can output a Winsteps Control and Data file for PCAR analysis. See Facets Help - www.winsteps.com/facetman/winstepsscreen.htm

  • @PittuS79
    @PittuS79 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello and thank you for the helpful video. When I run Rasch analysis I do not get the correlation table (with pearson and dissattenuated correlation values) following table 1. Can you please suggest how to reproduce those outputs. Also how can i reporduce the excel graph. I went through the manual and I do not find the suggested on my winsteps screen option through output tables or plots ? Please guide

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Priti, please check that you are using a recent version of Winsteps. The correlations are in Table 23.0 in Winsteps 3.75 (2012) onwards.

  • @PittuS79
    @PittuS79 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you Dr. Linacre. This is of great help and great update on analyzing dimensionality

  • @tomgallacher6968
    @tomgallacher6968 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    John - very useful. To clear up a confusion: person measures from items of Cluster 1 versus person measures from items of Cluster 3 correlated at -.17, and in the simulated the same correlation was .2, that's quite difficult to compare! so do we conclude that the -.17 was expected given the data since it's nearer zero, or do we conclude that -.17 was so far from the .2 that the -.17 was not expected given the data. If we're simulating according to a unidimensional Rasch model would we expect all person measures from item clusters to be positively correlated? To me the negative correlation is enough to conclude weirdness without checking against the equivalent correlation from simulated data. e.g. parallel analysis would compare eigenvalues against those expected given simulated data, but eigenvalues can't go negative.

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks, Tom. We definitely expect the person measures produced by different clusters of items from roughly the same construct to be positively correlated. The null hypothesis would not be a correlation of zero, but a disattenuated correlation of 1.0. However, we have deliberately stratified the items to capitalize on differences, so the null hypothesis is rather less than 1.0, which is also what the simulated data tell us. And, yes, these data are deliberately weird, so we should have noticed problems earlier in the analysis, hopefully long before Table 23!

  • @ASMAADZ
    @ASMAADZ 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    cool I go it

  • @scottbennett9168
    @scottbennett9168 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dr. Linacre, Where could I find one of these tables that you use in this lecture?

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Scott, thank you for watching this lecture. At what time-point in the lecture is a relevant table?

    • @scottbennett9168
      @scottbennett9168 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      It was at about 8:45

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      In the Winsteps manual and Help file, see www.winsteps.com/winman/whatisalogit.htm

  • @PittuS79
    @PittuS79 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you Dr. Linacre for uploading these videos. They are of real help.

  • @kernpanik
    @kernpanik 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much for sharing this!

  • @kozieglowy12
    @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice interview. I think that the confusion in research still continues.

  • @kozieglowy12
    @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dr. Linacre, I also noticed on sample datasets that the estimated Rasch discrimination problems when I request, discrim = yes, corresponds almost perfectly with Infit problems. Would this be a case that Infit/Outfit can be an index of problems with discrimination?

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Well observed, Peter. See "Item Discrimination and Infit Mean-Squares" - www.rasch.org/rmt/rmt142a.htm

    • @kozieglowy12
      @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      John Michael Linacre I think this is a very good argument for folks that claim we need extra parametrizations. I speculated about it for a long time, and this is the best proof! Thank you for pointing to the reading.

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Peter: extra parameterizations -> extra assumptions. When estimating item discrimination parameters, the assumptions usually include a normal theta distribution, ceiling and floor values for the item discriminations, and also some other limit to prevent the item discrimination estimates all becoming those floor and ceiling values. And, of course, the nice mathematical, statistical and inferential properties of the Rasch model are lost :-(

    • @kozieglowy12
      @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      John Michael Linacre Yes, and then the fit should not be the most decisive index as Ben Wright explained. I like when he said that he wants to have the most efficient model that explains the most of the situation at hand. Thank you for the readings.

  • @kozieglowy12
    @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you also for posting the other videos with Ben Wright. No matter how many books I read, his explanations are so clear that it is a great resource in addition to what we read about.

  • @kozieglowy12
    @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice presentation. I would assume that it would be difficult to show JMLE (the unconditional) in action. Dr. Linacre, is there a real improvement in terms of the Marginal Maximum likelihood worked out by Darrell Bock that IRT programs use?; when I ran simulations the differences were really negligible. Peter Paprzycki

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks, Peter. To see JMLE in action, there is Mark Moulton's Excel spreadsheet at www.rasch.org/moulton.htm and, yes, in practice differences between estimation methods are usually inconsequential.

    • @kozieglowy12
      @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you! I can imagine that one needs at least Excel to do these things! I can also see how the calibration can get murky if the counts between categories are grossly disproportionate. Does the Winsteps program actually use the sum of the items' variance in the division to compute the distance in the next step of the NR method?

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      You are right, Peter. Newton-Raphson does not work well when estimating Andrich thresholds. Winsteps uses a curve-fitting estimation method instead. This is implemented in the polytomous Excel spreadsheet linked from www.rasch.org/moulton.htm

    • @kozieglowy12
      @kozieglowy12 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      John Michael Linacre Thank you for the spreadsheets! I enjoy the presentations!

  • @ElizabethGilbert2
    @ElizabethGilbert2 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dr. Linacre, I am a Data Analytics undergraduate student and researcher at Ohio State, and am applying the Rasch model to survey data I have on childhood stressors. This helped me to understand the model so much better. Thank you very much! Elizabeth Gilbert

    • @johnmichaellinacre4960
      @johnmichaellinacre4960 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Excellent, Elizabeth. This video is an oldie but a goodie :-)

  • @EagleSlightlyBetter
    @EagleSlightlyBetter 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for posting this, Prof.

  • @gerarnation
    @gerarnation 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks to your effort, wise science and practical reason will prevail in the the fields of Psychometrics and Measurement!. Historical video.

  • @joaquincruz4805
    @joaquincruz4805 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dear professor, your job is an inspiration. Thanks for Facets and for all your support.

  • @VahidAryadoust
    @VahidAryadoust 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent!

  • @kozieglowy12
    @kozieglowy12 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice and clear.

  • @kozieglowy12
    @kozieglowy12 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice video.

  • @pirre66
    @pirre66 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    I had the fortune of meeting and discussing with yourself as well as with Ben in the early 2000's and this made an incredible impact on my scientific thinking, career and anything related to all of that. I remember walking out from Judd Hall feeling like a new (much more sense making) word had been revealed to me! So, thank you so much for sharing this, Mike. It is tremendously important - of course regarding the specifics of Rasch measurement but even more so regarding Ben's (and others) thoughts on science in general. Particularly, I love the sequence when he says "There is never data that is complete. The idea that you have complete data is an illusion. The people who ask 20 questions and happen to get 20 answers think they got, but if they realize that the 20 answers they got are just a sample of the 20 questions they might have asked, there is already missing data to all the questions they might have asked. And as a matter of fact, from examining data more carefully from the programs you have written [i.e. Mike] we can show that in many cases a person that answers a question in many cases might as well be missing data because if that question didn't function the same way that the others did….. so these are ”invisible” missing data… So, THE PHILOSOPHY OF INFERENCE REQUIRES YOU TO BE ABLE TO SAY SOMETHING ABOUT THE FUTURE BASED ON THE INCOMPLETE INFORMATION YOU HAVE FROM THE PAST”. This is just SOOOO propound - regardless of which åarticular "Rasch school" you may happen to attach yourself to. So - thanks. And I hope you will post whatever additional video materials you may have access to on this youtube channel - so much appreciated!

  • @ericpazo
    @ericpazo 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dear John, thank you. Can you upload more videos regarding Rasch measurement.