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Lupo DIY
Austria
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 2 ก.ค. 2020
My journey and mistakes while building battery boxes, solar systems, and a lot of home automation.
Without this sensor you will destroy all your LiFePO4 batteries in Winter
For LiFePO4 batteries, it is crucial to stop charging when the temperature falls below zero degrees. Victron SmartSolar MPPT charge controllers have a built-in temperature sensor. Although, the test I conducted in this video shows that it doesn't use the internal sensor and does not stop charging when the temperature falls below 0 degrees Celcius.
Find all links and information about my setup in docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143BnqjHESTDjuRh9jEWIVbcg/pub
Chapters:
00:00 Intro
00:55 Victron SmartSolar MPPT charge controllers and its built-in temp sensor
01:40 Test setup to check if the charge controller stops charging when the temperature is too low
02:10 LiFePO4 allowed temperature during charging
04:00 Performing the test
05:55 The disappointing result that Victron doesn't use the internal temperature sensor
07:40 Outro
Find all links and information about my setup in docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143BnqjHESTDjuRh9jEWIVbcg/pub
Chapters:
00:00 Intro
00:55 Victron SmartSolar MPPT charge controllers and its built-in temp sensor
01:40 Test setup to check if the charge controller stops charging when the temperature is too low
02:10 LiFePO4 allowed temperature during charging
04:00 Performing the test
05:55 The disappointing result that Victron doesn't use the internal temperature sensor
07:40 Outro
มุมมอง: 2 797
วีดีโอ
How to test cheap breakers and LiFePO4 Off-Grid All-in-One Solar Box System? (Part III)
มุมมอง 9372 ปีที่แล้ว
After carrying up the LifePO4 battery, solar panel, and the equipment to the mountain hut on 1600 meters or 5000 feet, I finally found out if my work was correct and I have power in my off-grid situation. Btw, don't rely on cheap breakers! Find all links and information about my setup in docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143BnqjHESTDjuRh9j...
How to wire up DC breakers? - Building a 12V LiFePO4 Off-Grid All-in-One Solar Box (Part II)
มุมมอง 26K2 ปีที่แล้ว
I show how I wired up my solar battery box (including breakers, switches, and an inverter), what cables I used, and how I connected my polarized solar DC circuit breakers. You have to be careful how to wire up double pole DC breakers as they will cause fire if the polarity is wrong! I found the following videos how the cause fire but it was not really explained how you should connect them in a ...
Building a 12V LiFePO4 Off-Grid All-in-One Solar Box (Part I)
มุมมอง 2.9K2 ปีที่แล้ว
How to build and design a 12V solar box containing the LiFePO4 battery cells, the charge controller, an inverter, and all needed breakers, fuses, switches, connectors, and a step up converter to have 24V as well. Find all links and information about my setup in docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143BnqjHESTDjuRh9jEWIVbcg/pub Chapters: 00:00...
Testing cheap modified sine wave 2000W inverter. Is it worth buying?
มุมมอง 2.4K2 ปีที่แล้ว
I tested this cheap 12V modified sine wave 2000W inverter lvyuan DX-GAX2000W which I bought on Aliexpress for 30 Euros. I have also seen it on Aliexpress rebranded as IPOWER. The result was surprising... Find all links and information about my setup in docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143BnqjHESTDjuRh9jEWIVbcg/pub Chapters: 00:00 Intro 00...
War against the edible dormouse on our mountain hut
มุมมอง 8562 ปีที่แล้ว
The story of our war against edible dormice and why you do not want to share your mountain hut with an adorable dormouse, even if you can eat it? Btw, if you have ideas how to keep dormice out of our mountain cabin, please let me know. Chapters: 00:00 Intro 02:05 Why adorable dormice can be quite painful 05:15 A quite shocking experience for the dormouse 06:57 Can you eat dormice? 07:45 Outro
Rain water harvesting on 1600m to get drinking water on a mountain cabin. What filters to use?
มุมมอง 3172 ปีที่แล้ว
I demonstrate how we collect water on a very remote location on the mountain. There is not road to this mountain hut, therefore, we had to improvise a bit to build or rain water harvesting system. In the next step we also want to filter the rain water to get drinking water. For this topic, I am also looking for advice Chapters: 00:00 Intro 00:48 Introduction to our tank with a capacity of 2200 ...
Building a 12V LiFePO4 battery pack and why passive balancing is a bad idea
มุมมอง 1.6K2 ปีที่แล้ว
Why it is not that smart to passive balance LiFePO4 cells even though they are matched and why top balancing works. In this video I show what went wrong in my last video th-cam.com/video/xOZl9MKxr1k/w-d-xo.html when I tried to passive balance cells. More Information about what and where I bought stuff: docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143...
Built a 12V LiFePO4 battery pack and failed in passive balancing
มุมมอง 3.1K2 ปีที่แล้ว
I got new matched LiFePO4 cells from China and tried the passive balancing approach to avoid the top balancing which takes a lot of time. Didn't work out as expected... See the solution for my problem in my next video th-cam.com/video/RKIwnFIyiJA/w-d-xo.html More Information about what and where I bought stuff: docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJ...
Fuses, Breakers, and Basic Safety in your Solar System
มุมมอง 77K2 ปีที่แล้ว
How to protect your low voltage solar system from overheating and self-ignition. Basic rules how to protect your circuits and devices. I will also show what fuses and measures I will take to build the remote system in our mountain hut. More Information about what and where I bought stuff: docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143BnqjHESTDjuRh9...
How to size & design an off-grid solar system on a mountain hut
มุมมอง 4552 ปีที่แล้ว
What is the right voltage of an off grid system and what type of battery do I need to electrify a mountain hut on 1600 meters. This series covers the design process of the photovoltaic system for the hut. More Information about what and where I bought stuff: docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQH4hk9dhaWqRFSgds7AkTFCHRbQWMgmn-9U2_DJUv8PY1xJL4fJ-H143BnqjHESTDjuRh9jEWIVbcg/pub Chapters: 00:00 In...
Electricity & Drinking Water off-the-grid on a mountain hut (Intro)
มุมมอง 3242 ปีที่แล้ว
How to get drinkable water and electricity on a off-grid mountain hut on 1600 meters above sea level. We collect rain water and want to filter it to get drinkable water at the end. The solar system should power the lights and a water pump of the hut. Music: "Modern Jazz Samba" by Kevin MacLeod
How to use a Xiaomi Aqara Door Window Sensor and Home Assistant to build a welcome light
มุมมอง 1.7K3 ปีที่แล้ว
Looking for the switch in the dark when coming home? I demonstrate how easy it is to use a Xiaomi Aqara Door Sensor to turn on the light for you when coming home. 0:10 What is a welcome light? 0:38 Installation and review 1:28 Building the automation 4:00 Evaluation Thanks for the music: "Beach Party" Kevin MacLeod "Happy Happy Game Show" Kevin MacLeod "Welcome to the Show" Kevin MacLeod Consta...
Hey man, thank you for clearing it out! I thought this was how it worked, but since I had already watched other 3 videos , in portuguese, with 3 different explanations about it, that made me have doubts and so I decided to do a search in english, instead of in portuguese! Im glad I did it and found your video!!👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
I had to Watch it more than once to understand you, however, I did not know this information you provided. Hi 5 for this.
For future reference, writing concepts with a black marker on maths paper is the most dull and boring way you can explain something.
Thanks & nice use of Insulated FERRULES 🙂 COOP ...
Thanks, great tips!
use Osmoze system!
good tip, thanks
A little confused. You have a charge controller between the battery and the solar panels. When you explained about the connections, you did not make it clear, how is the charge controller connected. Bcuase on the circuit breaker positive side, the higher poential solar panels should connect and on the lower potential the charge controller should be connected. So we ned another circuit breaker between the charge controller and te battery, the question is should the charge controller be connected to the higher potential on this second circuit breaker and the battery to the lower potential side, assumng they are both polarized circuit breakers. Just trying to understand, since I'm planning on bulding my own off grid solar small project. Thanks.
Hey @martinlopez3792, thanks for the question. PV <--> Fuse /Breaker <--> Charge Controller <--> Fuse /Breaker <--> Battery. On the PV side the PV has the higher potential and on the Battery side the Battery has the higher potential. Hope that helps? cheers, Lupo
Thank you for your knowledge. If I may provide a tip for you, wear a shirt closer in shade (not necessarily color) to the environment you're filming in. Your black shirt moving confuses the camera.
Thanks @robertcollins4663 for the tip ;) In the meanwhile I use another camera which hopefully is also better. cheers, Lupo
Never use non-branded fuses and breakers. The DC breaker you showed will likely not function well. They are commonly misrated, and the terminals are too small for the lugs. Great explanation on fusing the solar panel. The DC breaker from the solar panels is not there to protect the wire. It's to provide a mandatory shut off. The wire will be rated higher than 10A, so if a current from the panels is high, it won't melt the cable because it cannot get that high.
thanks @cleversolarpower, you are right. especially the cheap ones won't work very well and trip earlier. the design itself is ok and there are also good ones out there but as always, if you buy very cheap stuff you will also get bad quality. cheers, Lupo
Do you need a fuse while using solar going into a all in one solar generator type system?
it depends on the system. usually the have fuses inside. but it is always good to protect your cables by additional fuses. They can also be used as switches which might also come in handy. cheers, Lupo
@@LupoDIY thank you!
7:32 Which is the higher potential: Battery or charge controller? Thx for the video!!
Hey @Paul-jo3zk, I know it is a bit confusing. In general the higher potential is always the side where you have more power stored. So whenever you have direct connection to a battery, it is usually the battery as in case of a short there will be a lot of power coming from the battery. hope that helps, cheers Lupo
I am quitte surprised about this video and its probable 'need' In the user manual is written exactly that the internal temperature sensor is for overheating protection of the device AND for temperature compensated charging. And still you try if it's sensor also will cut of the solar at low temperature, while the manual and the device clearly state: " The "Low temperature cut-off" feature is only active when the solar charger is part of a VE.Smart network and is receiving a battery temperature reading from a Battery Sense or a battery monitor with temperature sensor." For my understanding this is an accuracy feauture: Temperature should be measured on the battery and not on some electronic device with its temperature fluctuaties because of it being a charger. I have to agree it might be handy a wired sensor could be connected though..
thanks @poeleloele for the comment, you are right, it is correct. nevertheless in my use case (everything in one box) I could use the sensor to get a rough estimate about the ambient temperature in the box. cheers, Lupo
I have a single pole breaker. It's labled, line and load. My problem is I want to put it on the positive output line from the inverter to the batteries. It's actually a two way circuit. When the inverter is charging the batteries the inverter would be line and the batteries would be load. However when the sun goes down the batteries would be the line and the inverter would be load. I'm trying to figure which would be the best way to install it.
hey @fauxque5057 thanks for the question. just think about a short. usually there is more power stored int he battery, so in case of a short more power is coming from the battery. hope that helps, cheers, Lupo
If I have a bank of four 100 Ah batteries in parallel,, would I have a 100 A fuse between each battery? Suppose I have a 2000 W inverter and want to draw enough power from the battery bank for an 1800 W continuous load with an inverter efficiency of 90%. The draw from the bank would be 2000 W which at 12.5V would be 160A. Should I have a 160A fuse between each battery, or a 100A fuse because the batteries are 100Ah, or do I need fuses between the batteries at all?
Hey @slydog7131 thanks for the question. Fuses are always a good idea. Every fuse has to be able to handle the current of the battery. so if you connect 4 batteries 100A each, you need 4x fuses with at least 100A each. If you have the constant load of 100A I would recommend at least a 120A fuse as it gets super hot otherwise. does this help, cheers, Lupo
@@LupoDIY Helps, but let me review: 120A fuses BETWEEN the 100 Ah parallel batteries. How about in line to the inverter, which could reach 160A, so maybe a 200A fuse between the inverter and the battery pack? Another follow-on question: how about cable sizes? My guess: BETWEEN the parallel batteries, 1AWG to handle 110A @ 60C and then 3/0 Aught between the pack and the inverter for 165A @ 60C?
@@slydog7131 makes sense to have kind of a main switch/breaker for all batteries. if all batteries together might deliver 160A you need a 160A breaker for the main switch. yes, you are right. cheers, Lupo
great video for advice on safety for our solar systems. Thanks!
Hey @mrbard1, thanks and glad it was helpful! cheers Lupo
Thank you. Very good information.
thsnkd @bradsrestorations1085 you are welcome! cheers Lupo
I recently installed one of these and the on off switch is working backwards. If I take it out and reinstall it the other way around will that fix this? Or is the switch working backwards caused by something else? And if the switch is backwards in its on off function does that inhibit its ability to trip the switch when there's a real surge?
Hey @noahriding5780 usually the problem is not that it doesn't trip but it can't break the arc and might catch fire when it is connected in the wrong way. hoep that help, cheers Lupo
Thank you@@LupoDIY
What? You need fuse breakers for the fuse breaker between the battery and the charge controller? Now I'm really confused.
Hey @truthbknwn, what exactly to you mean? As I explained in the other comment it is always good to have a fuse between the controller and the battery to protect the cables and the controller in case of a short. cheers, Lupo
I'm a little confused because first you said that you didn't need a fuse breaker between your solar panel and the charge controller because of the low amperage of the panel, but later on you contradict that by saying that a 10A breaker would be necessary to protect voltage going to the solar panel. Can you please explain this discrepancy? Thanks.
Hey @truthbknwn, thanks for the question. This is correct, you do not need a fuse as my single solar panel can't produce more than 10amps which is fine for the cables. The problem is the power source on the other side. In case of a faulty controller it might be possible to short the PV and the battery which would lead to a high amp flow. Therefore it is always good to have a fuse between the battery and the controller/PV. I put a breaker between the PV and the controller just to have a switch in between and be on the safe side. Hope that helps? cheers, Lupo
Seems like lot of chargers don't have this feature. I suppose the rely on BMS to handle this, or they use a heater which seems counterproductive burning watts just to keep the batteries warm. I can see why some have stuck with lead acid batteries that don't have a problem with freezing.
thanks @blastman8888 ... unfortunately, you are completely right. heating is an option as long as there is sun, so it should just heat up when there is sun on the PV but to build such a system is again more complicated. cheers, Lupo
Hello. I have two 6v deep cycle batteries each at 225AH and a 100A controller but the current wont pass through the controller to charge the battery. I tested it on one at a time not both at once as i assume the controlle wouldnt handle both 225AH combined. What am i doing wrong
sorry, just from this description it is difficult to help without having more information. cheers, Lupo
Lebend fangen, am besten mit frischem Obst, und weit entfernt "aussetzen".
I'm curious to ask if the stability and ability of the wires and circuit breakers, etc feel the same between lithium batteries compared to lead acid battery bank systems? I ask because I have noticed that how things work in reality isn't always just like on paper.
Hi noahriding5780, thanks for the question. I am not sure if I got your question. The wires and breakers do not care where the power is coming from. It is also the same equipment. 100amps from lithium is the same as 100amps from lead acid. cheers, Lupo
Thanks for your answer. I like to ask questions. I feel like lithium isn't quite as stable that's part of why I asked. Like there's a LOT of ebike and EV fires because of their lithium batteries. But one of my friends who is an engineer is hopeful that in 5 or 6 more years they will have worked out the kinks. I also asked because I noticed sometimes my solar wires going between the panels and the charge controller get hot and I wasn't sure why. So it seems there's so many things to research and ask about. And it makes me curious. I also feel its a great and wonderful opportunity to try to talk to smart people like yourself. You are a builder and are creating things, and that's very cool and wonderful. I wish for your continued success.@@LupoDIY
Is it going to work and safe to use a circuit breaker just as a power shut off switch to your solar system from the solar panel lead ins? The reason I ask this is that I found many solar charge controllers do not shut off properly when the batteries get full capacity. I had a solar charge controller melt recently from this and overcharging when it SHOULD have shut off but didn't. But then I found out other solar charge controllers also are not shutting off right. I don't see very many people talking about failures of charge controllers to shut off right also. And it doesn't work to always get the most expensive charge controller out there when you have a budget. So I want to have an off and on switch for when I'm not around. I don't want to take any more chances of not having a shut off, but I don't want to use the plugins for the pv wire connectors themselves as the switch since it would put wear on them.
If you switch it off/on every day I would recommend a proper switch, but if it is just every other day it might be ok to use the breaker. cheers, Lupo
Thank you for the reply. @@LupoDIY
You very well may have saved me having a fire in my basement. Thank you!
happy to hear that ;) cheers Lupo
I think I understand but want to check. So my solar panel is the higher potential so both positive and negative of that go in the top connectors and the bottom connectors go to the inverter?
hey @andrewbreckill3832, it depends on you breaker and you should always check the manual. but in general this is the case. PV+ goes to breaker + symbol. PV- goes to the breaker - symbol. Both on top or both on bottom. cheers, Lupo
I'm thinking buy one door sensor for that kind of use like you do, however I wonder if I switch off the light when I open the door to get out it will turn the light on again since the contact sensor will deploy right??
hey @FranciscoMartinsKiko, jup, if you switch it off before you open the door, the door sensor will trigger the light-on again. but you could just switch it off automatically after 2-3min or integrate a presence detector and switch it off as soon as you/your phone is no longer present. does this help, cheers, Lupo
dont you think that if the battery breaker switch off, and that of the pv didnt, that will burn down the controller
hey @ksolar1062 thanks for the question. I do not see a problem there, you can also connect the controller to the PV without having a battery connected. usually controllers can handle this situation or why do you think it is a problem? cheers, Lupo
Im confused, why have a fuse and a switch for a device when you could just use a breaker or switch by itself? thx
Hey @innervarium, thanks for the question. you are right, you can also use a breaker instead of fuse+switch. It just depends what you want to do and how to switch it. If you want to switch quite often, it makes more sense to have a proper switch instead of a breaker as it is easier to use. e.g. 100A breakers are "physically hard" to switch. does this help? cheers, Lupo
I have searched you tube extensively and there has been no video this so in depth on fuses for solar system. So this in my opinion is a diamond in the rough video. Being said 2yrs old I know there are better fuses on the market that will do better. BUT key point is , the explanations you have are solid and sound. This video brought me into the light of what I was seeking. Thank You
thanks a lot @modwrath810 for the feedback. super motivating. I will also do a similar updated video about this topic, hopefully soon ;) - cheers, Lupo
At the end of the video 7:14 you are saying that battery is connected as higher potential than the charge controller! Why? Charge controller should be higher potential, as it has higher voltage (it wouldn’t charge otherwise), doesn’t it? Also, what happens during the night when the voltages switch? Battery has higher voltage than controller and/or solar panels.
Hey @linas9 thanks for the question. The simplest way to check the potential is to assume a short. If you have a short in the battery circuit the battery is always higher than the PV. When there is a short in the PV system (before the controller), the PV side is the higher potential. In my box I use two breakers. One between PV <> controller and one between Battery <> controller. hope that helped? cheers, Lupo
Only solution I’ve found is to spend the $30usd on the sensor there is two version of the smart battery sensors one is cheaper fyi insane that they don’t have a plug in sensors I don’t trust Bluetooth
thanks @BobBob-il2ku ... the alternative would be a BMS which has a low-temp cut-off build in. the price difference is not that big...
I have a off the shelf ampere time battery 😢 don’t want to cut it apart
@@BobBob-il2ku bummer, then I guess the temp sensor is the best option. good luck with your set up. cheers, Lupo
It needs an external sensor. No internal sensor is present in the MPPT. It just knows about this function.
thank @renmedia, yes unfortunately. there is an internal temp sensor to protect the device itself, but it is not used for this function.
Do I need a Hub for the sensor?
Hey! nope, you don't need the xiami hub but you need a generic zigbee hub/dongle/controller. cheers, Lupo
Do you have an Instagram account to ask you you some questions related to solar energy
no insta here, but you can use the youtube feature to send me an email... cheers, Lupo.
Please how can I connect the both wires in the DC breaker. Here in Syria there is no electricity. We depend on solar energy
Hey Hani, can you describe your problem in more detail, otherwise it is difficult to help. cheers, Lupo
This inverter is basically a pile of junk
Hey Jay, you get what you pay for ;) cheers, Lupo
@@LupoDIY yes you are correct , I bought my first inverter about 30 years ago it was a 600 watt continuous and was about $700. And that was modified sine
So are you saying the plus sign is the wire coming from the source of power and the negative is headed to what youvwant to feed power to?
Hey Georgia, it depends. As you can see at 5:24 there are two + symbols. On one side you connect the positive wire of the higher potential (Input 1). In the other side you connect the negative wire of the consumer (Input 4). Hope that helps. But it is not written in stone, this is just the breaker I use. You always have to read the manual of your breaker. If you don't know exactly what you are doing, ask an electrician! cheers, Lupo
12 volt dc motar pump how to connect 10 ampere dc two pole connection
Hey Batra kishore kumar, please, can you provide more details about your problem/question?
@@LupoDIY I have two pole dc breaker there no sin of plus and - only A B C D how I get dc in put and out put from pewer suply which out put is 12 volt dc
@@Batrakishorekumar sorry, it really depends on the breaker, should try to get the manual for it. cheers, Lupo
Is just having a dc breaker to pv enough? Would a fuse not be needed as well? I hear the dc breakers can have bad arcs
Hey, thanks for the question. if you are afraid of arcs you have to study the specs of a breaker/fuse how much the can handle. usually it is more than 1000Amps but lifepo4 cells might have higher currents flowing in case of a short. so double check how many amps it can handle. cheers, Lupo
Hi, is this dc circuit breaker enough to protect Lifepo4 batteries/PV string or should it be combined with fuses?
Hey Ivaylo Manolov, thanks for the question. Usually, those breakers are also fuses and the trip current is specified on the breaker. But it depends what device you use, so always look at the specs of it. cheers, Lupop
@@LupoDIY Thanks a lot!
Hi, is this dc circuit breaker enough to protect Lifepo4 batteries/PV string or should it be combined with fuses?
Hey Ivaylo, a breaker should be fine asusually, it is a fuse. cheers, Lupo
@@LupoDIY Yes it is! But I know the fuse is faster acting than the circuit breaker but I don't know if that matters for the battery or the pv module?
Spend 8 minutes N. O T talking about the Title
Hey, thanks for the feedback. What do you miss? It is a video about how to connect dc circuit breakers..? cheers, Lupo
that is a no test; ?at least 800 watts or so, to see...
Hey Jose, the first test as shown in the video was around 1000W but the cables of the inverter couldn't handle the load at all. that is why I tried to find a load that could be handled by the inverter. I replaced the cables later (see other videos) which definitely improved the situation. cheers, Lupo
Thanks a lot for your hard work. Appreciated!!
thanks Andre
Isn't the charge controller the higher potential compared to the battery?
hey Tobias, thanks for the question. if you consider a short, the battery can provide a way more current. but you should have a fuse on both sides of the controller. one to the PV and one to the battery. cheers, Lupo
Great video
glad that it was helpful, cheers, Lupo
Hello , and if the diagram only has + & - at the top then it is reversed at the bottom ?
it is difficult to say. I would ask the vendor/manufacturer, maybe it is the polarity not the potential. cheers, Lupo
Still Confusing
hey JK, what is confusing, maybe I can shed some light on it. cheers, Lupo
I'm still confused. I just want to put one of these between the solar panels (+-) and MTTP controller (PV +-) so it acts as a cut off. How should it be wired?
It depends on your breaker, but in general the PV side is the higher pontential. So the poitive wire of the PV is connected to the + on the breaker. But make sure to check the manual and diagram on the breaker. cheers, Lupo