The PODdoctors
The PODdoctors
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Choosing the Right Shoe
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss one of the most common foot ailments: plantar fasciitis. This episode's comprehensive guide covers everything from the basics of plantar fasciitis to the most effective treatments currently available. The doctors discuss the anatomy and mechanics of plantar fasciitis, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between heel spurs and plantar fasciitis pain. They also highlight the significance of stretching, the use of proper orthotics and footwear, and the benefits of steroid injections.
มุมมอง: 37

วีดีโอ

3 Best Treatments for Plantar Fasciitis
มุมมอง 348หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss one of the most common foot ailments: plantar fasciitis. This episode's comprehensive guide covers everything from the basics of plantar fasciitis to the most effective treatments currently available. The doctors ...
Complex Achilles Repair with Flexor Tendon Transfer
มุมมอง 25หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, evaluate the complexities of an Achilles tendon repair using a Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) tendon transfer. This particular case involved a patient with a history of clubfoot, multiple surgeries, and a significant Achill...
Complex Achilles Repair with Flexor Tendon Transfer
มุมมอง 54หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, evaluate the complexities of an Achilles tendon repair using a Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) tendon transfer. This particular case involved a patient with a history of clubfoot, multiple surgeries, and a significant Achill...
Achilles Rupture Surgery
มุมมอง 37หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss a case involving a severe Achilles tendon injury in a young athlete. They highlight the importance of having backups for backups when relying on imaging, as MRIs can sometimes be misleading. Dr. Dauphinee and Dr. ...
Achilles Rupture Surgery
มุมมอง 252 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss a case involving a severe Achilles tendon injury in a young athlete. They highlight the importance of having backups for backups when relying on imaging, as MRIs can sometimes be misleading. Dr. Dauphinee and Dr. ...
Peroneal Nerve Surgery
มุมมอง 132 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, cover the intricacies and surgical treatment of fibular nerve release, a crucial procedure for patients experiencing various complications often associated with nerve entrapments in the lower limbs. They discuss the nitty...
Peroneal Nerve Surgery
มุมมอง 792 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, cover the intricacies and surgical treatment of fibular nerve release, a crucial procedure for patients experiencing various complications often associated with nerve entrapments in the lower limbs. They discuss the nitty...
Failed Bunionectomy
มุมมอง 652 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss bunion surgery and its various outcomes, especially focusing on revision bunionectomy. They explore the numerous techniques to correct bunions, emphasizing the importance of matching the surgical approach to the p...
Failed Bunionectomy
มุมมอง 2532 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss bunion surgery and its various outcomes, especially focusing on revision bunionectomy. They explore the numerous techniques to correct bunions, emphasizing the importance of matching the surgical approach to the p...
Chilblains Treatment
มุมมอง 303 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, dive deep into a lesser-known yet intriguing condition called chilblains. Characterized by itchy, red, and tender skin lesions, chilblains is often exacerbated by cold, damp conditions, without necessitating freezing temp...
Chilblains Pernio the Painful Winter Toe Condition
มุมมอง 813 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, dive deep into a lesser-known yet intriguing condition called chilblains. Characterized by itchy, red, and tender skin lesions, chilblains is often exacerbated by cold, damp conditions, without necessitating freezing temp...
Doing Your Own Dressing Changes
มุมมอง 567 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss the proper technique for applying wound dressings and the different types of wounds commonly seen in podiatric medicine. They emphasize the importance of maintaining a balanced, moist wound environment and provide...
How to Apply a Wound Dressing
มุมมอง 867 หลายเดือนก่อน
In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss the proper technique for applying wound dressings and the different types of wounds commonly seen in podiatric medicine. They emphasize the importance of maintaining a balanced, moist wound environment and provide...
Looking for Discrete Nerve Injuries
มุมมอง 918 หลายเดือนก่อน
Looking for Discrete Nerve Injuries
CRPS Surgery
มุมมอง 648 หลายเดือนก่อน
CRPS Surgery
What is Lipoma?
มุมมอง 549 หลายเดือนก่อน
What is Lipoma?
Lipoma Excision Surgery
มุมมอง 869 หลายเดือนก่อน
Lipoma Excision Surgery
Toe Amputation Surgery
มุมมอง 558ปีที่แล้ว
Toe Amputation Surgery
BMAC Injections
มุมมอง 19ปีที่แล้ว
BMAC Injections
Auto Amp
มุมมอง 31ปีที่แล้ว
Auto Amp
Chat GPT Analysis
มุมมอง 40ปีที่แล้ว
Chat GPT Analysis
Chat GPT Analysis
มุมมอง 59ปีที่แล้ว
Chat GPT Analysis
Radiofrequency Ablation: Advanced Treatment Option for Plantar Fasciitis / Fasciosis
มุมมอง 714ปีที่แล้ว
Radiofrequency Ablation: Advanced Treatment Option for Plantar Fasciitis / Fasciosis
Radiofrequency Ablation: Advanced Treatment Option for Plantar Fasciitis / Fasciosis
มุมมอง 167ปีที่แล้ว
Radiofrequency Ablation: Advanced Treatment Option for Plantar Fasciitis / Fasciosis
Effects of Restless Leg
มุมมอง 33ปีที่แล้ว
Effects of Restless Leg
Restless Leg
มุมมอง 43ปีที่แล้ว
Restless Leg
Diabetic Neuropathy: What role does Nerve Decompression play?
มุมมอง 72ปีที่แล้ว
Diabetic Neuropathy: What role does Nerve Decompression play?
Diabetic Neuropathy: What role does Nerve Decompression play?
มุมมอง 21ปีที่แล้ว
Diabetic Neuropathy: What role does Nerve Decompression play?
Treating Heel Pain Caused By Plantar Fasciitis And Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
มุมมอง 81ปีที่แล้ว
Treating Heel Pain Caused By Plantar Fasciitis And Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

ความคิดเห็น

  • @lisawest1556
    @lisawest1556 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Any insight why the night splint seems to cause lower back discomfort?

  • @velissalewis5321
    @velissalewis5321 28 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Right!! Sketchers must have the best marketing team. No Sketchers. Then the patient says.. "they have memory foam." Brooks and Hokas are my faves.

  • @deezed8499
    @deezed8499 หลายเดือนก่อน

    So much great information in this episode. Just ordered a pro stretch.

  • @damiendauphinee772
    @damiendauphinee772 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Freibergs is also known as avascular necrosis. The thought is that certain injuries to the area disrupt the blood flow to the head of the 2nd metatarsal which allows the bone to collapse. This can occur over several months so your description is really not unusual at all.

  • @JustJerseyJo95
    @JustJerseyJo95 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I broke a toe last year, 11 months ago and not the toe that I was diagnosed last week with Frieberg's. I had an xray last year of the foot when I broke my toe, 4th toe, but the Frieberg's didn't show up then. How did I get it in less than a year? I'm not a runner, athlete or ballet dancer. My doc is sending me for a MRI today to see if I need surgery on it. My foot has been hurting ever since I broke my toe last year and it swells up and when it gets very swollen, fluid leaks from the top of my foot. My doctor has me in a shoe and recommended a recovery shoe for now. But if I need surgery, can I get sedation with a local?? I really don't want general anesthesia. My doctor said cortisone shots are just palliative care and don't fix the problem

  • @GN-dp7ej
    @GN-dp7ej หลายเดือนก่อน

    You guys have the best podiatry podcast on the planet.

  • @damiendauphinee772
    @damiendauphinee772 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I would consider ankle arthroscopy as an adjunct to the treatment of any lingering internal ankle joint pain.

  • @mnkapoor
    @mnkapoor 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Can it treat stiff and painfull ankle due to atfl & cfl partial tears..2 years back although no instability or giving away feeling

  • @johnmccormack471
    @johnmccormack471 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Surgery 4 months in

  • @memcgee1226
    @memcgee1226 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    As a medical assistant to a DPM, your discussion has been very helpful. Often patients have questions that I can’t answer regarding specifics of surgery. I won’t ever be as conversant as a surgeon, but I enjoy having a deeper understanding of these procedures. Thank you for taking the time to create and share the content.

  • @MissHolliday3110
    @MissHolliday3110 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Can car accidents cause this to happen? I've been rear ended and pushed into another vehicle twice. I have arthritis in my midfoot and I've had anterior ankle pain for two years. I'm trying to get an MRI.

  • @deezed8499
    @deezed8499 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Fascinating. Thank you for posting

  • @deezed8499
    @deezed8499 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Amazing video. Thank you doctors for making it. Hope you do a follow up.

  • @Selena_926
    @Selena_926 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I was diagnosed with this in 2015 by my podiatrist before a bunionectomy. As an RN of 30 yrs, it’s been pretty painful. 😖 Thank you for making this video.

  • @siennagarcia1459
    @siennagarcia1459 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    My father got an Austin bunionectomy with screw fixation back in 2012.

  • @robs1714
    @robs1714 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Just had one done 3 days ago after getting tri mal hardware taken out

  • @hilaryjlittle
    @hilaryjlittle 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ya'll are killing me with Steve Brule in the corner lol Enjoyed the conversation, would love to see a live debridement

  • @chester3214
    @chester3214 ปีที่แล้ว

    Too low.

  • @areeder5314
    @areeder5314 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you drs! Very informative!

  • @morganreigns1984
    @morganreigns1984 ปีที่แล้ว

    I got a Jones fracture I just got officially diagnosed today and casted . she wants to see me back in 4 weeks if not doing well. I probably will need surgery.

  • @Theorginalmogodude
    @Theorginalmogodude ปีที่แล้ว

    Isn’t it the future. I went to the doctor for an examination problem. I was having, and he use Google to look up some information about the symptoms. What’s the difference? One day humans will integrate with computers, what will the lesson plan be then? We use our cell phones daily to find out the mass amount of information to share with others, or increase our knowledge. What’s the difference of using chat then going to the library and rewarding what the author has already said or written? - - This was written by poverty, AI. kabuki.

  • @Cornbread5462
    @Cornbread5462 ปีที่แล้ว

    They don’t have anything to tell if you used an ai generator so keep using it and keep getting 100’s👍

  • @roscoerubee4972
    @roscoerubee4972 ปีที่แล้ว

    Don’t waste your time with all these soaks. Go outside and put your bare feet in the sunshine. Let the sunshine cover the top, bottom and sides of your feet. You will be amazed what the sunshine will do for your feet.

    • @abigailisvirtual3358
      @abigailisvirtual3358 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      There is no sun in Ireland it rains non stop lol

    • @vingmorallas
      @vingmorallas 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I agree.

  • @grasser82
    @grasser82 ปีที่แล้ว

    My feet itch only at night they will wake me up from a dead sleep itching and sometimes my hands do it and i have tried everything!!!! I went to a dermatologist and he gave me some cream and nothing!! I sometimes the only thing that helps is scalding them and washing with dawn please help me my feet dont sweat or stink lol ive had this pretty much the last few years

    • @josheves9022
      @josheves9022 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Drink apple cider vinegar daily I had it for 6 years and this is the cure I couldn’t belive it

  • @petew8279
    @petew8279 ปีที่แล้ว

    Do You put the herbals between the toes also??

    • @furryplantsandcoins9070
      @furryplantsandcoins9070 ปีที่แล้ว

      I wonder if you can just put it in your body wash? I know when I was using my dial blue body wash I was putting in some of the tea tree oil. That was amazing! I wasn't having near as many breakouts. Don't get me wrong I was still having some but they were not near as bad as what I have it right now. This couple stores that I usually go to have been out for quite a while. I think that's why cuz I haven't been able to put it in my body wash like I normally do. Now I went back to putting the powder in my shoes. And a nasty creams. Which I need to get some more gloves because I don't like putting them on without them cuz I don't want them spreading to my hands. Especially being a woman and having longer fingernails I don't want it under my nails. I think there was another one that I thought I heard of where you put aspirin in your shampoo and body wash. I have to figure out where I saw that at. And I know that I use anti-dandruff shampoo which does help too.

    • @furryplantsandcoins9070
      @furryplantsandcoins9070 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes

  • @hkstar832
    @hkstar832 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir I had peroneal tendonitis from last 6 years and I have cured it a bit but now my left foot is immobilized to some extent so what should I do to cure it and in these 6 years my foot has also become flat .... so please help me and i think that it is affecting my leg length growth .... 🙏🙏🙏

  • @jaymac6028
    @jaymac6028 ปีที่แล้ว

    Get Salicylic acid 40% or more of it& use duct tape. Shed skin as soon as poss.

  • @Angeee119
    @Angeee119 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really want to send this to my ex. He just didnt think it was an issue and just didnt treat it because he didnt want to. Spread to me after a year an a half. I was ignorant having never had it before neither did my brother or mom.... so i didnt know what the signs were... 🙃 With JUST the powder and being dilligent washing my feet day and night with antibacterial soap, and washing the tub before and after showing because he didnt wanna treat his and we had 1 bathroom. Mine was gone in a week, at least the peeling and itching and slight sweating was gone. It said to keep using it for another week or so i think and it was gone. Just make SURE youre CLEAN. CLEAN. powder your shoes. Bathmats, carpets youre barefoot on a lot. I even was spraying things with alcohol but i was OVER IT, the second it started. That shit is not for me.

  • @Jinathyr
    @Jinathyr ปีที่แล้ว

    Glad to be able to see what was recently done onto my foot by Dr. Damien Dauphinee and by Dr. Raafae Hussain.

  • @davidspradley9182
    @davidspradley9182 ปีที่แล้ว

    I appreciate the time and education given by you guys. My neuroma measures 5X12 mm. Is there a size that helps dictate the next step when all else is failing? I don't understand why the steroid injections make it hurt worse., I thought it was supposed to numb the area for 12 hours? I really appreciate learning about decompression vs neurectomy. Thank you.

    • @ThePODdoctors
      @ThePODdoctors ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you, David, for reaching out. For legal and privacy reasons, we are not able to diagnose or offer treatment, digitally. If you would like to schedule an appointment, we have offices in Gainesville and Denton, TX. Call 940-300-3054 to schedule an appointment.

    • @damiendauphinee772
      @damiendauphinee772 ปีที่แล้ว

      The size of the nerve often doesn't dictate whether the MEND procedure will be successful or not. I have had success regardless of nerve size with decompression (MEND). I would recommend decompression over neurectomy (excision of the nerve) initially. This is a nerve entrapment problem so steroid injections are a temporary fix and do not address the underlying entrapment.

    • @davidspradley9182
      @davidspradley9182 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@damiendauphinee772 I meant to specifically mention decompression vs neurectomy. You guys made that very clear! It's been 3 weeks since I could walk around the block ~sigh~

  • @aggymonet2168
    @aggymonet2168 ปีที่แล้ว

    If you have athletes foot please use Dawn DISH LIQUID!! ☺️☺️☺️☺️

  • @mycandleflame
    @mycandleflame ปีที่แล้ว

    what affect does cutting the transverse ligament have on foot health and function?

    • @damiendauphinee772
      @damiendauphinee772 ปีที่แล้ว

      These procedures have been done for 30 years and there appear to be no repercussions from releasing these ligaments much like in carpal tunnel surgery which is done the same way.

  • @michaeljohn8769
    @michaeljohn8769 ปีที่แล้ว

    I want to say a big thanks to #dridedia for getting rid of my Herpes infection with his herbs medicine Dm him via his TH-cam channel #dridedia

  • @TheVcasf
    @TheVcasf ปีที่แล้ว

    Regarding Athlete's foot. I have no scaling, no itching. I just see the affected skin area, redness, and excess sweating. The sweating is almost like the fungus is causing it, even bare footed. Any ideas?

    • @damiendauphinee772
      @damiendauphinee772 ปีที่แล้ว

      It's likely the opposite...the excessive sweating is creating the perfect environment for the athlete's foot fungus to thrive. See if you can get your PCP or podiatric physician to prescribe Dry-Sol roll on. It's a great anti- perspirant and can shut down the sweat glands some and dry things up. Continue a topical antifungal daily for a few weeks then once or twice a month.

  • @shelbyshelby3936
    @shelbyshelby3936 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for sharing this vid guys😊 and I appreciate the fact that you touched on natural home remedies as well instead of just pushing store bought medication and prescriptions. 👍🏾

    • @ThePODdoctors
      @ThePODdoctors ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Shelby! We appreciate you watching.

  • @ashleykate1564
    @ashleykate1564 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have been too so many English hospitals just to make sure I get rid of my HPV that was given to me by my ex-boyfriend, until I contacted Dr Alaho Olu on TH-cam that helped me. 💕💕

  • @rpsullens911
    @rpsullens911 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Guys !! I need some serious help. X-rays look great MRI looks great except Synovitis in a gutter ? I seen two different Podiatrist who have down played my issues but after a 9-12 hr day? My foot is killing me. Any way I can.learn more about this ? How can I find a great Doctor to help with my situation?? Thanks !!

  • @fredrikafredi9307
    @fredrikafredi9307 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sit in the sun!!!!! I always do this whenever I have skin issues, digestive issues, headaches….list goes on. We have the most amazing healing tool known to the Cosmos and we hide from it and have become convinced it’s the reason for skin cancer. Terrifying where we are as humanity. If you get bacteria, sit completely exposed with no sunscreen in the sun. It does what the UV light does. Wonder why lol. Direct sunshine can even shrink tumors inside the body…..it IS THE MIRACLE we keep looking for. It’s been there all along.

  • @uzui7364
    @uzui7364 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    if you'd like to share knowledge, better add the volume up doc

  • @bnrmartell9899
    @bnrmartell9899 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video. Everything was carefully explained and really helped me understand better these procedures. Thank you!!!

  • @joeblow9850
    @joeblow9850 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Epsom salts in a bucket with the hottest water (almost scalding) and soaking your feet in it daily will kill the bacteria. Also throw away your old bacteria ridden shoes.. worked for me & cleared right up in a few weeks and you can’t even tell anything was there. 👍

  • @thegoodfootdoctorpodcast
    @thegoodfootdoctorpodcast 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hands down 🙌🏻 one of the best podiatry Channels here on TH-cam. Pure gold!

  • @vivianbrown9866
    @vivianbrown9866 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I was delighted and grateful with the immediate healing I got through Dr. Agboya herbal medicine after many years of being a patient with HSV2. Keep saving people's lives Dr Agboya is here on your TH-cam channel #dragboyaherbalhome .

  • @madpup_downunder
    @madpup_downunder 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey guys .. this was a great video , i have a 5th metatarsal fracture that seems to be non healing its been 12 weeks and my surgeon is giving it 4 more weeks before he puts a screw in it ... as i have size 15 feet is that a benefit for the surgeon and does it give me a better chance of the screw having success?????

  • @loganhogan953
    @loganhogan953 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Windex window cleaner is perfect it got rid of the redness instantly

    • @muktabegum3052
      @muktabegum3052 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      What u mean what do u do with it

    • @judieapia355
      @judieapia355 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      you mean glass cleaner?

  • @finlaycaven4683
    @finlaycaven4683 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    promosm

  • @beachblond1968
    @beachblond1968 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I had a Jones Fx a year ago. Tried to treat conservatively and ended up having ORIF after 8 weeks. Now I have one on the other foot! 🙄 Seeing the ortho surgeon tomorrow. I’m going ahead and scheduling the surgery bc I am NOT sitting in a chair for 8 weeks without results. Here’s my question: I had a spinal with sedation last time. Is it possible to have a spinal WITHOUT sedation this time? I hate being sedated and have a phobia about general anesthesia. Is there any reason I couldn’t have it the way I want it? I’m not afraid of what I’ll hear and see and I’d so much rather be awake.

  • @daleparks6781
    @daleparks6781 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can't hear this guy the volume is to low!

  • @damiendauphinee772
    @damiendauphinee772 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Jon...I've tried many of the various systems out there to make this procedure more successful and I find the "fiddle factor" very high with things like Hat-Trick and the scorpion system. I agree whether the Weil osteotomy is necessary is still debatable and time will tell if enough data can show us one way works better than another. Right now surgeon's preference still rules. Thanks for the comment.

  • @damiendauphinee772
    @damiendauphinee772 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sorry we missed this comment...yes we see issues behind the abductor hallucis with regularity. Can't say we've been successful with conservative measures for TTS but the vast majority of patients we see for this have been referred for surgical options after their home town docs have tried everything else... so it would certainly be a sampling error to assume conservative options like orthotics, etc won't help. Recovery would involve the soft tissue envelope which can take about three weeks then the nerves can take 12-18 months to reach maximal benefit.