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Thank you!

The resistors are mostly current limiting resistors. So a value from around 330 ohm to 2.2K will work. I like to use, 1K, 2K or 2.2K as less current/power is used.

Yeah, that is exactly right! I am working on a project to demonstrate a hardware based artificial neural network performing useful tasks. Having the network self learn will be a really important next step.

Well you can use lots of different kinds of transistors to make logic gates. I used 2N2222 or 2N2904 NPN transistors for this build. Either one will work in this case.

Thank you!

Thanks, and welcome aboard! Depending on if we eventually solve time travel maybe you helped build you. ha ha

Great, thanks!

Great, that sounds like a sweet project!

​@GlobalScienceNetwork It's actual hell, I managed to fry enough transistors that I had to order new ones twice...

@@TheSumOfAnIdeod Awe man, well hopefully when you are fished and you look back it will all be worth it! As long as you have some type of current limiting resistor in each path to ground it should not fry a transistor. I can see starting out that this would happen from time to time. Usually, you can smell that something is going wrong! ha ha

Well, that is half of what you want. When the input is off or floating the LED will be on. Connect a 2K resistor from power to the base/middle pin and it should shut the LED off. The 9V battery should work. Just make sure you have a min of 1K current-limiting resistors to be safe. If it does not shut off then your transistor is backward, broken, or the wrong type.

@@GlobalScienceNetwork when it is floating the led is on but when it isnt the led is off regardless of the input I just connected the resistor to the base of the transistor and it made no difference Thanks for trying to help though 😊

@@TechnoHailss That is what you want. Which state do you think is wrong? When the resistor is connected to the base the input is on and the output is off. When the input is grounded or floating the input is off and the output is on. The push button switch I use just connects the 2K resistor to the base when it is pressed down. When it is not pressed the input is floating/off so the output is on.

@@GlobalScienceNetwork See when the circuit is all in place the LED is not on but when i lift on of the wires the LED turns on that is my problem. The LED should be on initially for an inverter circuit but it is off when i pull out the red wire or the black wire which is connected to the transistor(at row 20) the LED turns on. This is probably sounding a bit dumb because i am trying but am not able to convey my problem properly. Sorry for the trouble

@@TechnoHailss I see, well if you email me a picture I could see if anything is set up wrong. I would suggest trying different transistors as well, even try a different breadboard. I know that 2N2222 and 2N3904 transistors work well for logic gates.

Good question. These are very different types of neural networks. LLMs are based on a transformer-based architecture, and hardware-based neural networks are a type of spiking neural network. I will be talking about this more in upcoming videos.

Thank you!

I assure you I built these circuits and they work. I even built a full 4-bit computer using these circuits. Also, I show how the adders work to built a 4-bit calculator simulation working in the easyEDA video. If you are struggling with the circuit let me know and I can answer questions. Start with my logic gate video and work your way up to larger circuits and I bet you will have success.

Maybe the simulation is not accurate

Yes, there will be more upcoming videos using transistors and ICs. The next series is going to on neural networks and hardware based neural networks.

The values are adjusted by setting the memory inputs to one or zero, which is 5V or ground. The memory is hardwired but it is easy to adjust the values.

That would be cool! Right now you have to adjust the wire in the memory to "program" the computer.

Thank you!

Yeah you can use, 1K, 2K or 2.K for the resistors. You can even go lower than 1K but it uses more power. If you watch my video on LED current limiting resistors I provide more information.

@GlobalScienceNetwork thanks 🙏 I appreciate your hard work

That is a good question, once I have one that is correct I usually just copy and paste it rather than adding a new component.

@@GlobalScienceNetwork how to make magnetically coupled circuits?

@@GlobalScienceNetwork do you know how to install crack pspice

Thank you!

Do you mean how to add a custom component? I do go over the basics in this video.

@GlobalScienceNetwork i need to add lm5118, but it wasn't adding how much I try...... Any suggestions....?

I guess it depends how big, the simulation is based off of spice so it should work for large applications.

Na klar, danke fürs Zuschauen!

I am working on a neural network series of videos. Some of those will be up before thanksgiving. I have some time off during thanksgiving so I should have the hardware based neural network video up shortly after thanksgiving.

The 2N2222 and 2N3904 NPN transistors are always 1 emitter (left pin), 2 base (middle pin), 3 collector (right pin). There are quite a few images and sources online that show this wrong. There are NPN transistors like the BC547 which are 1 collector (left pin), 2 base (middle pin), 3 emitter (right pin). So you do have to check based on the model even if it is a NPN transitors.

Thanks, yeah I have more videos coming out soon. Also, I have a full 4-bit computer built based on these flip flops.

Thank you!

Yeah, you can definitely be a successful electrical engineer being self-taught. Going to school you are mostly self-taught anyway. In addition to DIY projects schools like MIT post all their lectures online. I was an aerospace engineer and now really enjoy electrical and neuroscience. I do not need a degree to start working in these areas now. However, if you do not have any technical degree and want to get a job in the field it would be good to specialize in a marketable skill within EE such as PCB design, FPGAs, machine learning, etc. If you just want a basic job or government then getting a degree is a great idea. If you are self-motivated and want to start working on a project there is nothing stopping you though. Honestly, if you have the motivation start working on the projects now! If you go to school and spend four years doing complex math and weed out courses you might lose the spark you initially had. I would say just start working you might build something great!

Thanks, I'm glad you found it helpful! I would suggest trying to build the 4-bit calculator as a great starter project after building the logic gates. It requires 4 breadboards and is made with 4 full adders.

@ already did 😉

The transistors are 2N2222 NPN BJT transistors. You can also use model 2N3904. If you watch the logic gate video I start by describing how these work.

¡Gracias!

Thank you!

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With the circuit diagram and this video, you should be able to make the latches. If you are struggling start with my video about digital logic gates. After you build logic gates the latches and flip-flops will make more sense.

@@GlobalScienceNetwork thank u

¡Ja, ja, gracias!

Thank you! That is great you are building these types of projects!

Dies ist ein 4-Bit-Computer. Ich habe noch andere Videos über den Aufbau künstlicher Neuronen und Synapsen.

The transistors can be 2N2222 or 2N3904. The diode was model number 1N4007 which is just a standard diode. Good luck with the build, let me know if you have any other questions!

That would be a good video! I talked about it briefly in the 4-bit computer video. For that project I did make a memory module out of transistors but it was the simplest form possible. To properly make it the latches need to be setup in a grid which repents different address locations. Which location is called can be determined by decoding the binary to address location with a decoder. It ends up requiring a very large number of transistors.

감사합니다! 나는 당신이 가지고 있었다고 장담합니다. 전자 제품의 모든 발전에 참여하는 재미있는 직업! 예, 트랜지스터 수준에서 프로젝트를 구축하는 것은 재미있습니다. 그것은 실용적인 예술을 만드는 것과 같습니다!

Sweet! Yeah, you can use 9-volts but it is a bit more power than is needed. You can use most USB chargers which are 5 volts. You will just need to spice the ends fit into the breadboards.

ها ها هذا سؤال مضحك. عندما كنت أصغر سنا ، أعطاني الأطفال وقتا عصيبا لرغبتي في بناء شيء على هذا المنوال. إذا قمنا ببناء شبكات عصبية قائمة على الأجهزة بشكل صحيح ، فستكون الحياة صغيرة جدا ومناسبة للسفر إلى الفضاء.

@GlobalScienceNetwork عمل رائع استمر ، كيف يمكنني ان ادعمك

@@Kr_meso شكرا! نظرا لأنك مهتم بهذه الموضوعات ، تابع وقدم مدخلات حول مقاطع الفيديو. الهدف الرئيسي في الوقت الحالي هو بناء الشبكات العصبية القائمة على الأجهزة بشكل صحيح. يمكنك حتى محاولة تصميمها وبنائها بنفسك.

Спасибо!

Thank you!

I guess you are surprised?

More information is in the video description.

Thank you!

Thank you!

Than you! It is a fun project! You should try and built it.

Thank you, I am glad you found the channel!

Please define the equipmens you used​@@GlobalScienceNetwork

Thank you!