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Hi George, Thanks for your comment! Depending on the application, a semi-destructive method may (or may not) be considered "destructive" - it just depends on the damage tolerance of the component. In the instance of a very large damage tolerant component, yes I agree, the technique can be considered semi-destructive, but in the instance of a very small, less damage tolerant component (say for example a small aerospace turbine blade), it could never be used in service after hole drilling, so the method is effectively destructive in this case. Suffice to say, we all agree there is some "destructive" nature to the hole drilling method (semi or otherwise). On "high stress levels," again, it depends on what you consider high - generally, you need to be concerned with localized plasticity at the edge of the hole - when stress levels exceed 60% of the yield strength, you run a serious risk of introducing significant errors into the analysis - I would refer you to section 1.2.2 of ASTM E837 for guidance in this matter. Cheers!

Electrons in an atom may approximate to free electrons if their binding energy is much lower than the photon energy, so with x-rays, the scattering is typically modeled as Thomson scattering. However, as you said, it is technically Rayleigh scattering if we go by the definition of the electrons being bound. If you'd like further clarification, feel free to drop us a line at info@protoxrd.com!

Absolutely! If you would like to learn more about using XRD to investigate the residual stress of welds and structures, our website has several application notes expanding on these topics (welds, bridges, pipelines, and more): www.protoxrd.com/applications