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too bad they magically disappeared soon after we met them.. well i guess not entirely but still

I think that Eskimo women used to soften skin clothing by chewing it. I wonder if that activity caused a similar wear on incisors to what we see in Neanderthals? If we dont have eskimo women with similar worn teeth, Neanderthals weren't wearing out their incisors by chewing hides for clothing.

the separation was a creation of the nobility of the day not a fact the paper i read in the 1990's put the differences to cold climate to climate cold the heating of air ,, i have studded a lot on this subject and find the science not that good in fact suspect of manipulation and the confinement to there own orifice like every other science i studied and there a number of them there all in debt of the glorification of so called modern man example the refusal to except the mass extinction cause by man refuted still by some and there not extinct in fact ,,

Great video Professor! Is it possible that there are some advantages to a smaller nasal cavity or mouth breathing that resulted in homo sapiens dinky little schnozes or was it just a cruel trick of evolution?

I met Akersten when I was visiting ISU in the 1980s to do some of my own research (I'm a now-retired evolutionary biologist and anatomist). He was a really nice fellow, and we talked about his research on Smilodon, since I had already read his mongraph.

Great video. Keep them coming.

No surprises besides the domesticated numbers. Australia is so sensationalized by media its insane

Vultures are beautiful... and speaking of rhe "probability we havent found the largest", do you plan on making a video on the giant trassic ichthyosaurs?

There is another interesting paper regarding dietary ecology of Agriotherium that you did not feature in the video. The name is 'Tooth Root Morphology in the Early Pliocene African Bear Agriotherium africanum (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) and its Implications for Feeding Ecology' by Deano D. Stynder & Kornelius Kupczik in 2012. In the paper, they argued that Agriotherium was probably not effective predator of large preys because its canine roots (when adjusted for skull size) are quite small, quite a good deal smaller than those of extant solitary predators such as Polar bears and Big Cats. So while its skull might be able to take a beating as you have pointed out in the video, their canines might be not and might be a constraining factor. The study however does support the hyper-carnivory hypothesis cause the Bear has large (skull size adjusted) carnassial roots, more comparable to those of extant hyper-carnivores such as Big Cats, and larger than those of extant omnivorous Ursids such as Black bears.

Love your videos Mr Wroe, wanted to ask if any future topics would include terror birds? I've heard very confusing things about these animals, I feel like the idea that they didn't exceed much more than 100KGs and only focused on small prey has fallen out of favour in recent years but its hard to find information on them on the internet.

I'm a retired evolutionary biologist and anatomist, and I just today discovered these videos. This is the first one I've watched, and I plan to watch the others right away. This one is excellent.

A warm fire and a bowl of milk and it will be as right as rain in no time.

I noticed you don't include polar bears in your comparisons. Any reason for that?

I know that Scientist mainly cloning the Thylacine, and It is much like that of the Jurassic Park.

, like the big bad wolf ,,You don't grow teeth like that to make a fashion statement .

Great video Prof, there is a lot of good info here. However, there is a minor mistake. At 12:30, you said that 3000 N is equivalent to 3 tonnes of force, which is 3000 kg of force. However, 3000 N is actually 'only' around 300 kilogram of force. I suppose you probably just misspoke so it is no big deal, I just want to point that out. On a side note, do you think Inostranscevia's forelimbs have the strength and flexibility to grapple and wrestle with large preys like those of other sabre tooths such as Smilodon?

I wonder whether they had fur or not.

I noticed the reconstruction at the beginning had carpal pads. I guess that will need to be update?

I didn't knew that Inostrancevia and kin were such hard biters! But they are an unique clade with some very interesting combination of adaptations.

Great channel. The best. I prefer you to North02, moth light media, all the heavy weights. That being said, a new mic. It would benefit us both.

I love gorgonsopsians! If you look at their dentition, you'll notice that they didn't have many teeth behind their canines. It's thought that they'd rip off chunks of flesh and swallow them whole. On a side note, as part of a science-fiction world, I made my own species of gorgonsopsian known as the Adahiser, deriving the name from the Cherokee word adhil, which in that language means kill. I also gave it an ability no other carnivore has developed, a sensory ability I call infantoreception. It has sensory pits along the jaws that contain bundles of nerve endings. It uses these to detect the heartbeats of fetuses while stalking a herd, so it can avoid taking an expecting female. Through this ability, it's figured out how to manipulate the populations of other species. Keep up the good work!

0:55 I for one think that the inostrancevia is a rather handsome & majestic boi professor, thank you very much. Ooh, and a video on anteosaurus, another permian beast of terror would be awesome. Or any other rad dinocephalian! I also wonder who'd win in a fight, the fierce sabertooth inostrancevia or the rex headed anteosaurus ;)

Where I live in this American town, has like 5 locations or more I can think of with barking guard dogs, some of them were probably not socialized right, and I was even chased by one.

2:39 what is wrong with the authors of this paper? The conclusion is that saber teeth in Thylacosmilax were NOT for processing meat? Again, they mention the force needed to chop through meat, which is what is meant by the "pulling back of the canines" and they don't seem to understand meat needs to be sliced when approached with a long knife, rather than chopped. When someone mentions "force pulling back" I want to watch this person mince beef because it doesn't sound like the researcher knows how to do it. Saber teeth look like my boning knives, which have no serrations. I don't use them for cracking walnuts. Or slicing carrots. The authors have arrived at an illogical conclusion. I enjoyed trying to set up the experiment with birds singing in sync with a human musician, I didn't realize the biggest obstacle was the hunan fear reaction when the human was presented with "magic." The birds quite happily performed their part of the experiment. The page you have listed tells you more about the researchers than it does about Thylacosmilax. 6:20 the mention that the mandibular rami moved independently must have given Thylacosmilax a really goofy look, and I'm skeptical that that was really the case, especially since the teeth were sharp enough on both edges to cut your finger if you ran it across the edge. You don't don't want something that sharp on your face you don't have total control of.

I can see what you mean by homotherium being dog like. So Im guessing it was fast and ran its prey down as opposed to Smilidon milions of year before ambushing prey. So why did homotherium go exctinct?

I don't think the sabertooth cats really bit their prey, so they didn't need to have a strong bite. They probably stabbed their prey with their saberteeth, driven by the powerful neck muscles. That would also help in avoiding damage to their teeth, as they were not really locked on to a struggling large animal when killing, like lions are.

Thank goodness for frozen locations. Finding soft tissue always helps to clear up some mysteries.

My freind has a question what was triceratops personality and are they pugnacious animals and if we don’t know then what do you think what personality might have had when they were alive.

I don't even know Mauricio Anton personally, but I've read/seen so many of his works that when I heard of the cub, one of my first thoughts was how excited Mr. Anton must be!

I wish we had a figure of this cat

This is off the subject, but I think folks would enjoy it: Steven Spielberg pointed out that since dinosaurs have four toes, they live in an octal world rather than a decimal world. This can be proven by playing songs on flute that a specific bird likes. Play the same song for the same bird several times so the bird knows how the song goes and listen for the bird to cheep in where he wants a rhythmic accent. You have to zero in on one specific bird and ignore all others, but the bird catches on. This works with wild birds as well as tame ones. I have pet long-tailed finches. I play simple flutes, violin, and cello. Often when practicing, all the birds will keep silent except one, who takes the avian solo part of the song. One way to prove this is happening is to listen to where in the music the bird cheeps, play the same song again and the cheeps will be in the same part of the music.They have a much better interpretation of musical phrasing than a human has, and they fly in 2/4 rhythm so they seem to enjoy odd rhythms like 3/4, 5/4, & 9/8 for artistic expression. (Try it, it works consistently, and just accept that dinosaurs grasp art!) The thing about octal numbering is that by counting on their toes, birds can directly convert to binary arithmetic while a decimal creature (us) must maintain a table look up for binary conversion and mathematical calculation. Octal is half hexadecimal. Birds can count, and they often do. Dinosaurs could count, and they sang, and it could be actual music. The largest bird I was able to sing with was a turkey. We understand about 45 calls turkeys make. I mention them because there are videos on how we humans can make the specific calls in turkey language and what they mean. A gobble gobble phrase book, if you will. Those exist. My birds can see my TV. I played TH-cam videos of their species. It took them about 3 weeks to learn the birds they were watching didn't have a back behind the TV. But they learned. Now, it seems I might have created a monster. When they want to watch TV, they will land on the TV and shout. If I'm watching a show and don't want to stop they will all shout loud enough that I miss dialog, give up, and play them a video. I've tried to teach them to associate certain sounds with things I want them to tell me, like that their hard boiled egg cup is empty. The tricky thing is that each birds uses a different call to mean the same thing. There's also the issue of what's important to a tiny dinosaur isn't the same as what a giant mammal feels is important.

8:42 Paused and read it. What causes the similarity between hyena & S. fatalis cortical strength? Would comparative bite force shed some light? Good on ye for letting me read that. 9:52 If you take a sharp, serrated knife and try to "pull back" you won't cut the meat. (Try it) You'd need to slice back & forth. Slice isn't listed as a force. Well, that explains the long, strong necks and thin canines! 12:26 none of the saber-tooth lineages could suffocate prey by biting over the mouth & nose as we see lions kill buffalo.

Many thanks for this interesting video, which was full of surprises. Today, the only truly fast running, sprinting cat is the cheetah but I think that in the not too distant past, there were several species of sprinting cats (as well as long-distance-endurance-running cats such as Homotherium). Could you please do one of these next? Preferably the North American running puma MIRACINONYX!

I have 2 questions question 1.did homotherium And other saber tooth had lips to hide its large saber canines or no and question 2. when Triceratops were alive did triceratops horns grew from around the eyes sockets and connected to the nasal horn like a armor for the faces or grew from just the forehead per say above the eyes sockets like a jackson chameleon.

It'd be interesting to see the forebearer of the puma. So many hyper carnivores of North America are stunning, but it was the puma that emerged as the king of the predatory mountain with phenomenal range, adaptability, and doing it all as an independent operator. The big cat that's not a "big cat".

Collosal Biosciences where are you?

I saw you had 999 subscribers, so allow me to be your 1000th richly deserved subscriber.

Your close to 1000 subs. I’m 992. Now you need 4000 watch hours to be monetized. Great presentation sir! :) Cheers mate!¡

Loved the video!

To me very serious questuons. 1. Should be sabertooth cats really considered as cats at all ? Sabertooths and classic cats as we know them have more than 20 million years of evolutional separation. The term sabertooth tiger" is outdated, but still in general use, which is completely wrong; to me even the term "cat" as correct one is highly questionable. 2. And also the classification inside sabretooths themselves; You mentioned that Homotherium and Smilodon have some 18 million years of evolutionary separation. Should be both simplifed inside same family of "sabertooth" or "sabertooth cats" in general ? The animals are obviously totally different and even presenters mix their images when they are talking about them. To me it seems like "talking about the tapir and showing a horse".

My personal theory about sabertooth cats when pursuing prey they could have utilized the super sized claws on average outsized lions and tigers, so maybe during pursuits, they would have tred to preserve their canines by slashing the hind limbs or flanks of prey forcing them to trip and fall over allowing them to dogpile it and deliver several bites to fleshy soft spots causing massive blood loss.

I'm thinking as a pursuit predator it would make sense for Homotherium to bite ate it's prey's belly during a chase and have them follow harass and bite at them till they bleed out and can't run anymore. No bones to break a tooth on in the belly either.

I still don’t understand how we find so few sabertoothed cats with broken teeth. Snapped canine teeth are common even in zoo born big cats. Biting prey as it runs seems awful risky. Also thank you for sharing the news. Sad as it is to see the little squished cub, that is a cool find.

Never in my lifetime have I ever thought I would ever see the mummy of a scimitar-toothed cat. This is truly a one of a kind find.

Could’ve their dewclaws also played a role, like in cheetahs? Perhaps using its dewclaws in a similar fashion to how canines use their jaws to hold onto prey. Maybe it was a combination of tripping/holding the prey, not necessarily grappling with it, but preventing further escape after a long chase. Then with the prey restrained, the multiple shear bites come into play.

Wow, the first ever saber-toothed cat with its true/real fur color and patterns determined/confirmed. :)

there are more muscles that operate the jaw it would be feasible they came into play more depending the process as with smiley reaching bit ,, interesting regards evolution choices made forced or driven by taste preferences the hot blood flushing into the mouth or the struggling asphyxiation as the life ebbs away the taste of nectar or the taste of life fluids , its a a great find

Fascinated by this discovery.Also sternes et al released their Belgian meg specimen length 16.4m barely larger than cooper version 15 .9m

When I read that scientists had found a frozen saber toothed cat, my reaction was such that I think my wife seriously considered sedating me...The questions that we will be able to answer will give us a much deeper understanding of these animals.

Now we can bring it back and release it into the wild 😈