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Why vector search is not enough and we need BM25
Vector search is a popular for most RAG systems, but many of us probably haven't realized the difference between dense and sparse vectors. Dense vectors, commonly used with LLMs, are great at capturing semantic meaning, but they have limitations in tasks like calculations, sorting, aggregation, and filtering. Coincidentally, Anthropic recently introduced contextual retrieval, combining embeddings with BM25 to address some of these inaccuracies in RAG systems.
1. In the first part of this video, we explain why LLMs struggle with calculations, so you'd see Python scripts or calculators are relied on when models like ChatGPT or Claude face calculations they aren’t well-trained for.
2. We then highlight how dense vector search struggles with sorting, aggregation, and filtering. Metadata filtering is a valid solution but is not discussed in this video.
3. The last half of the video dives into the mechanism behind BM25 (sparse vectors), a ranking model that excels at exact keyword matching. Dense vectors can sometimes return irrelevant or imprecise results due to how they handle semantic context, and hybrid search-combining dense and sparse vectors like BM25-improves retrieval by addressing these limitations. We’ll explore more advanced hybrid search approaches in a future video.
0:00 vector search’s calculation problem
2:07 how time-related terms behave in the vector search?
2:35 sorting limitation in the vector space
2:58 why these limitations exist in the vector space?
3:48 imprecise results from dense vector search
4:34 the mechanism difference between dense and sparse vector (BM25)
5:20 diving into how BM25 (sparse vectors) works
6:39 Term Frequency in BM25
7:06 IDF (inverse document frequency) in BM25
7:35 how BM25 normalizes Document Length
Animations in this video are inspired by 3blue1brown and his animation library - manim. Code can be found here:
github.com/leannchen86/vector-search-not-enough-manim
#llm #bm25 #rag
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ความคิดเห็น

  • @gunasekhar8440
    @gunasekhar8440 19 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Is there any idea to approach building a multi-modal graph rag? Where we need to retrieve the available relevant visual information along with the textual answer for creating more trust on the system from the users side?

  • @RonBarrett1954
    @RonBarrett1954 24 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Love her presentation, the potential of Graph RAG, and DiffBot. My project perfectly fits with this application!!

  • @mr.gk5
    @mr.gk5 28 วันที่ผ่านมา

    What open source project are you running on your local host? I’m digging the network graph that looks so cool.

  • @caolainhession
    @caolainhession หลายเดือนก่อน

    are you a pure bred asian, there seems to be something european about your face

  • @rembautimes8808
    @rembautimes8808 หลายเดือนก่อน

    4:49 “When you clearly get a source which is not a hallucinated one 😂. very informative and entertaining as well

  • @rembautimes8808
    @rembautimes8808 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks for the video . Entertaining and knowledgeable 😂

  • @PongsiriHuang
    @PongsiriHuang หลายเดือนก่อน

    how does bm25 help with ranking the words excellent, good, decent, and numer like 50, 100, 150 or 150-100=50? I thought the video would discuss that

  • @ShadowD2C
    @ShadowD2C หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hi, I liked the video and the explanations, I wouldve liked it to show more visuals about the topic instead of the presenters face tho

  • @mauriciosalazar2733
    @mauriciosalazar2733 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Can You make a search engine with this?

  • @shiholololo1053
    @shiholololo1053 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Waiting for the next videp. I enjoyed the format.

  • @shizheliang2679
    @shizheliang2679 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    wait...I think I am in love...

  • @tempname-dr2bm
    @tempname-dr2bm 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Poland mentioned

  • @jaeboumkim1213
    @jaeboumkim1213 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great explanation! I have a questions: KG requires a strict structure, such as node, link and attribute, which depends on target domain and questions. How can we alleviate it?

  • @swanTM
    @swanTM 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    epic chinese video

  • @theepicosityofpizza
    @theepicosityofpizza 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    BM25 doesn't do anything to address any of the issues you bring up at the beginning of the video. TF IDF is dumber than vector search in every aspect. It's just much cheaper to run. Not saying it doesn't have value as part of the toolkit but not sure why you spend the first half setting all thes problems with vector search up as if BM25 addresses any of them.

    • @stxnw
      @stxnw 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      is English not your first language?

  • @Howoulduknow841
    @Howoulduknow841 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is something Anthropic has shared with their contextual retrieval.

  • @jameswigglesworth8132
    @jameswigglesworth8132 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for delving into this important topic!

  • @MLGJuggernautgaming
    @MLGJuggernautgaming 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I believe a vector search is still better for rag applications. Bm25 is better for more literal matches. Also what does this have to do with LLMs doing math?

  • @NicolasEmbleton
    @NicolasEmbleton 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wonderful explanation. Thank you.

  • @dougunderwood569
    @dougunderwood569 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great overview, thank you!

  • @andrewwalker8985
    @andrewwalker8985 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Why don’t we include semantic dimensions in vectors

  • @Isaacmellojr
    @Isaacmellojr 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Otima exemplificacao de como word2vec não é a solucao definitiva.

  • @pratikerande4808
    @pratikerande4808 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    super

  • @roopad8742
    @roopad8742 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is so easy to understand, thank you!

  • @badashphilosophy9533
    @badashphilosophy9533 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    before i thought the issue was a combo between input and output tokens, and figured llms just ommitted vital info because their output was constrained, now i know finding vital info is an issue also with rag. interpretation systems, thanks

  • @badashphilosophy9533
    @badashphilosophy9533 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    this is an amazing explanation. im an instant follower

  • @815TypeSirius
    @815TypeSirius 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    But vs is enough to scam dummies and create a market bubble.

  • @oncedidactic
    @oncedidactic 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Nice discussion, thanks! I wish there was more structure to the video so the “why” of the title I served as a main dish, ie let’s define the terms up front, explain how each works, then do why discussion and give a teaser for hybrid approach discussion. Instead there are some gaps and jumps around, which leaves it feeling incomplete or maybe not quite capturing the essence? I have a feeling this is partly a result of editing many clips, so don’t take this feedback too seriously. Cheers

  • @АндрейАндреевич-з7т
    @АндрейАндреевич-з7т 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    BM25. Frequency-weighted by sponsored-definition-tag vector search. Yeah google search do that too, you know. If you ever did seo optimization for your website or some kind of smm you know that it works

  • @nicksonyap
    @nicksonyap 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What is DIffbot and how can we use it?

  • @amortalbeing
    @amortalbeing 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thanks this was great!

  • @weirdsciencetv4999
    @weirdsciencetv4999 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Oh man you are amazing!! Love channel I subscribed. Please do a video on working with such graphs using a vector database

  • @marka5215
    @marka5215 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great explanation. Thank you so much!

  • @ValidatingUsername
    @ValidatingUsername 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Try tokenizing engendered languages 😂

  • @Ruhgtfo
    @Ruhgtfo 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Contributed 3blue1brown

  • @NLPprompter
    @NLPprompter 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    i love this bot...

  • @bmm8213
    @bmm8213 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Golden nugget

  • @ashraf_isb
    @ashraf_isb 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thats insightful, thank you so much boss

  • @ChocolateMilkCultLeader
    @ChocolateMilkCultLeader 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great video. This is why when building a search engine- I like to use BM25 for sparse search, and use Vector based search later, once most of the corpus has been filtered out. This allows me to stay precise and efficient. One additional thing- people often assume that you need a Vector Db for vector search, but you can do completely without. Just store the vectors in a normal DB.

    • @notsojharedtroll23
      @notsojharedtroll23 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I mean, at the end of the day, the embedsings are data period

    • @stxnw
      @stxnw 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      It should be the other way around. Most prompts may not have exact matches. Use vector search first, then BM25 and rerank the results.

  • @themax2go
    @themax2go 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    would it work w/ ollama / local models?

  • @matveyshishov
    @matveyshishov 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks, guys, YT recommended me this video, a very pleasant snippet of explanation. Trying to work through your website to understand what the service is.

  • @aproperhooligan5950
    @aproperhooligan5950 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent presentation/explanation. Very useful. Thank you!

  • @knucker3
    @knucker3 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    TURN YOUR VOLUME UP

  • @rontheoracle
    @rontheoracle 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excuse me, but your volume is just too low. Just saying.

    • @martin777xyz
      @martin777xyz 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Seems fine to me

    • @sladeTek
      @sladeTek 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      No it’s not, your device is the issue

    • @rontheoracle
      @rontheoracle 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@sladeTek It's just this video and a few others that play with very low volume. I try other videos in youtube, in general, they sound acceptably loud. Dunno why.

    • @rontheoracle
      @rontheoracle 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@sladeTek Try watching the video in youtube with this title: "The Best RAG Technique Yet? Anthropic’s Contextual Retrieval Explained!" It is significantly much louder. Just my 2 cents.

    • @csmac3144a
      @csmac3144a 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Her audio is fine. Turn up your volume.

  • @endre777
    @endre777 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks for the explanation, was super clear. We just planning to move from vector search to hybrid, and your explanation on BM25 helps a lot to understand what edge cases it can solve. Appreciate a lot! Guess we will see a surge on BM25 due to Anthropic Contextual retrieval paper .

  • @MathsSciencePhilosophy
    @MathsSciencePhilosophy 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The mathematics behind chatGPT is amazing

  • @BleachWizz
    @BleachWizz 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Oh no, this is going to make texts like I do!!! ok, drama aside, I do believe this will improve things a lot. I still see some caveats that would be left for luck, but huges amount of data might overcome that. I do believe we already have enough with GPT and a few previous ideas, still improving the language model itself is always a plus.

  • @microburn
    @microburn 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Nice video. I’ve been on the opposite side of the coin, but I like hearing the balanced argument to keep me educated

  • @andydataguy
    @andydataguy 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great video! This is one of the most misunderstood concepts. Will def share this next time it comes up!

  • @themax2go
    @themax2go 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    "diffbotgraphtransformer" to extract entities and build their relationships... then i see "diffbot-token / -api-key"... well, i just finished doing that with an "open-weights" LLM (i think... currently verifying that) 😎