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13:28 Completely false. God doesn’t save one and not save another. That is a completely unbiblical, false, heretical position. God forgives all people, not some.

You begin with a wildly off-base presumption, going into this chapter and so, are having so much trouble with the text. You brought up this analogy at the beginning of a political party making loads of promises, getting elected into power, not fulfilling all of those promises, and then facing the criticism for not making good on their promises. This analogy is supremely far from what Paul is actually dealing with in Romans 9. A much more accurate analogy would be if, in response to civil unrest over violent clashes between recent immigrants and longtime citizens, the Prime Minister came out and gave a speech saying “all people in the world are my citizens. All the people currently in Africa, all the people currently in Asia, all people everywhere are British citizens. All people are welcome into my country.” The longtime citizens would be incensed at this. Can you imagine? This analogy is perfect in some ways and imperfect in another. It is perfect because that is exactly what is happening in the text. The Jews had always taught they alone were God’s chosen people, so when Paul taught (in person, and now in Romans 1-5) that no, all people are God’s chosen people, the Jews got enraged and tried to kill Paul. Pauls glorious conclusion to his position is presented in chapter 8, where Paul presents all of the glorious blessings the Gentiles now also have, akin to their Jewish brethren. He remembers how the Jews always reacted to that part of his teaching and that’s why he moves in chapter 9 to recap all of his winning counter arguments against those Jewish objections. The imperfect part of the analogy is that in real life, the British citizenry would be correct in their anger because the British Prime Minister is not the Prime Minister of Africa and Asia, only Britain, so all people are not his citizens. But the anger response from the citizenry in my analogy matches very closely with the anger response of the Jews in Paul’s day, so the analogy is sound.