![Lessons in Philosophy](/img/default-banner.jpg)
- 25
- 2 081
Lessons in Philosophy
Germany
āđāļāđāļēāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāđāļĄāļ·āđāļ 28 āļ.āļ. 2023
Philosophical positions, theories and concepts explained
I am a philosophy teacher from Germany - happy to share the philosophical video series of my German TH-cam channel with an international audience now.
Enjoy watching and sapere aude !
PS: I use ElevenLabs for the voiceover to spare you my German accent ð.
I am a philosophy teacher from Germany - happy to share the philosophical video series of my German TH-cam channel with an international audience now.
Enjoy watching and sapere aude !
PS: I use ElevenLabs for the voiceover to spare you my German accent ð.
Sigmund FreudâĨCriticism of Religion
For the famous doctor and depth psychologist Sigmund Freud, religion is a mental illness, more precisely a collective obsessive-compulsive disorder.
In this video, we will find out how this disorder comes about and whether it can be cured according to Freud.
0:00 Life and work
1:41 Religion as a part of culture
3:56 Religion as an infantile illusion
8:23 The unconscious
12:18 Religion as a universal obsessive neurosis
14:36 Consequences
17:56 Criticism
19:00 Own opinion
SOURCES ð
Englert, Klaus. 2018. Sigmund Freuds Religionskritik. Der Gottkomplex.
www.deutschlandfunk.de/sigmund-freuds-religionskritik-der-gottkomplex-100.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1907. Zwangshandlungen und ReligionsÞbungen.
www.aufklaerung21.de/aufklaerung/aufklaerung-im-20-jahrhundert/sigmund-freud-1856-1939/zwangshandlungen-und-religionsuebungen-1907/
Freud, Sigmund. 1910. Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/leonardo/leonardo.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1912. Totem und Tabu.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/totem/totem.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1917. Eine Schwierigkeit der Psychoanalyse.
www.gutenberg.org/files/29097/29097-h/29097-h.htm
Freud, Sigmund. 1923. Das Ich und das Es.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/ichundes/ichundes.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1927. Die Zukunft einer Illusion.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/illusion/illusion.html
GÃĪb, Sebastian. 2022. Religionsphilosophie. Nomos. Baden-Baden.
www.buch7.de/produkt/religionsphilosophie-sebastian-gaeb/1041116816?ean=9783848765805&partner=ethik-abi
Mack, Susanne. 2009. Gottesneurosen - Gottes Neurosen?
www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/gottesneurosen-gottes-neurosen-100.html
Mackenthun, Gerald. 1990. Die Religionskritik Freuds im Rahmen seiner Kulturtheorie.
www.geraldmackenthun.de/app/download/5784325407/Freuds_Religionskritik_%281990%29.pdf
All online sources were last accessed on 20.05.2022.
In this video, we will find out how this disorder comes about and whether it can be cured according to Freud.
0:00 Life and work
1:41 Religion as a part of culture
3:56 Religion as an infantile illusion
8:23 The unconscious
12:18 Religion as a universal obsessive neurosis
14:36 Consequences
17:56 Criticism
19:00 Own opinion
SOURCES ð
Englert, Klaus. 2018. Sigmund Freuds Religionskritik. Der Gottkomplex.
www.deutschlandfunk.de/sigmund-freuds-religionskritik-der-gottkomplex-100.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1907. Zwangshandlungen und ReligionsÞbungen.
www.aufklaerung21.de/aufklaerung/aufklaerung-im-20-jahrhundert/sigmund-freud-1856-1939/zwangshandlungen-und-religionsuebungen-1907/
Freud, Sigmund. 1910. Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/leonardo/leonardo.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1912. Totem und Tabu.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/totem/totem.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1917. Eine Schwierigkeit der Psychoanalyse.
www.gutenberg.org/files/29097/29097-h/29097-h.htm
Freud, Sigmund. 1923. Das Ich und das Es.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/ichundes/ichundes.html
Freud, Sigmund. 1927. Die Zukunft einer Illusion.
www.projekt-gutenberg.org/freud/illusion/illusion.html
GÃĪb, Sebastian. 2022. Religionsphilosophie. Nomos. Baden-Baden.
www.buch7.de/produkt/religionsphilosophie-sebastian-gaeb/1041116816?ean=9783848765805&partner=ethik-abi
Mack, Susanne. 2009. Gottesneurosen - Gottes Neurosen?
www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/gottesneurosen-gottes-neurosen-100.html
Mackenthun, Gerald. 1990. Die Religionskritik Freuds im Rahmen seiner Kulturtheorie.
www.geraldmackenthun.de/app/download/5784325407/Freuds_Religionskritik_%281990%29.pdf
All online sources were last accessed on 20.05.2022.
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ: 25
āļ§āļĩāļāļĩāđāļ
Friedrich NietzscheâĨCriticism of Religion
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 472 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
What does Friedrich Nietzsche mean by his famous sentence "God is dead"? In this video, we will find out what this sentence means and what consequences the death of God has for people and society according to Nietzsche. 0:00 Life and Work 3:09 The Parable of the Madman 6:16 Interpretation 7:09 The Meaning of the Sentence âGod is Dead.â 9:35 Revaluation of all Values: Slave Morality 12:24 Christ...
Karl MarxâĨCriticism of Religion
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 522 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
"Religion is the opium of the people." This famous sentence comes from Karl Marx, one of the most famous philosophers, economists and critics of religion. But what does this sentence actually mean? And what goals does Marx pursue with his critique of religion? 0:00 Life and work 2:28 Feuerbach â Marx 7:14 Religion as the opium of the people 9:29 The dual nature of religion 10:47 Consequences 12...
Ludwig FeuerbachâĨCriticism of Religion
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 743 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Is there a God or has man just invented him? The critic of religion Ludwig Feuerbach posed this question in 1841 in his work "The Essence of Christianity". In response, he developed his famous projection theory, which had a lasting influence on later critics of religion such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud. 0:00 Life and work 1:47 Anthropological perspective 2:43 The project...
Functions of Religion
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1153 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
What is religion good for? What does it do? What functions does religion fulfill? Functionalist theories of religion provide an answer to this. These theories define religion through its functions, the role it assumes. A distinction can be made between 4 essential functions: A world-explaining, a social, a psychological and an ethical function. In this video, you will find out what is meant by ...
What is Religion?
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 313 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Defining religion is not that easy. There are over a hundred different definitions of religion today. The German philosopher Maximilian Forschner recognized this problem and, instead of a definition, named 8 criteria that characterize every religion. In this video, you can find out which 8 criteria these are and whether we can actually find them in all 5 world religions. 0:00 Overview and defin...
Utilitarianism vs. Kant - Explained with Examples
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1153 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Utilitarianism and Immanuel Kant's ethics are very different. In this video, we take a look at the most important differences and use 3 case studies to examine the different decisions a utilitarian and a Kantian would make. 0:00 Utilitarian Imperative vs. Categorical Imperative 1:02 Principles of Utilitarianism vs. Kant 5:14 Case 1: The borrowed book 7:12 Case 2: Shopping or moving? 9:09 Case 3...
Preference UtilitarianismâĨPeter Singer
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1234 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
The contemporary philosopher Peter Singer is probably the most famous representative of preference utilitarianism. He is committed to fighting global poverty and defending animal rights, but also causes considerable controversy with his views on abortion and euthanasia. In this video you will learn everything you need to know about preference utilitarianism, Singer's classification of beings an...
Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism - Explained with Examples
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 2804 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Can I have a pool party when water is scarce? Do I have to keep every promise I make? Can I sacrifice one person to save many? Action and rule utilitarians give very different answers to these questions. I explain the most important differences between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism analyzing 3 cases in this video. 0:00 Overview 1:50 Act and rule utilitarianism 10:39 Case 1: Pool di...
Strenghts and Weaknesses of Classical Utilitarianism
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 324 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Utilitarianism is a moral philosophical position whose method is often used in political decisions. The focus is on the benefit to society as a whole, the overall well-being of a society should be increased and the happiness of as many people as possible increased. It is weighed up which political decision would have the best consequences for the greatest number of people affected. This decisio...
Qualitative UtilitarianismâĨJohn Stuart Mill
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1104 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
John Stuart Mill is considered the main representative of classical utilitarianism. In his famous essay "Utilitarianism", he defends this moral philosophical position against criticism and further develops Jeremy Bentham's quantitative utilitarianism. 0:00 Life and works 2:41 Criticism of Bentham's utilitarianism 3:21 Mill's qualitative utilitarianism 4:42 Quantitative vs. qualitative utilitari...
Quantitative UtilitarianismâĨJeremy Bentham
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1325 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Jeremy Bentham is considered as the founder of classical utilitarianism. In his opinion, whether an action is moral or not depends on whether it causes more pleasure or more pain for all those affected. With his hedonistic calculus, he presents a method for calculating the pleasure-pain balance of actions. 0:00 Life and works 2:13 Basic ideas 3:40 The hedonistic calculus 4:39 Katjaâs conflict 5...
Introduction to Utilitarianism
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1085 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
In this video you will get a first overview of utilitarianism, a very important and still highly topical moral philosophical position. 0:00 Overview 2:15 Utilitarianism is âĶ 2:52 The utilitarian imperative 3:22 The principle of consequences 3:48 The hedonistic principle 4:39 The universalist principle 5:04 The principle of utility SOURCES ð HÃķffe, Otfried. 1975. EinfÞhrung in die utilitaristisc...
Immanuel KantâĨ(Dis)Advantages of Kantâs Ethics
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 255 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
In the last part of this introduction to Kant's ethics, we will look at some important advantages and disadvantages of Kant's ethics. We look at the extent to which Kant's ethics can be meaningful and useful and what difficulties are associated with them. 0:00 Recap 1:19 (Dis)Advantages 5:38 Personal opinion SOURCES ð Kant, Immanuel. 1986. Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. Reclam. Stuttgar...
Immanuel KantâĨConflict of Duties & End in Itself Formula
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 905 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
The fourth part of this introduction to Kant's ethics deals with the problem of the conflict of duties, which we already encountered in the last video with the example of the honest mother. What happens when two duties conflict, for example the duty to tell the truth and the duty to help? We also get to know a new formula of the categorical imperative: The End in Itself Formula. 0:00 Recap 1:31...
Immanuel KantâĨCategorical Imperative (Universal Law Formula)
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 536 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Immanuel KantâĨCategorical Imperative (Universal Law Formula)
Immanuel KantâĨGood Will & Types of Action
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 526 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Immanuel KantâĨGood Will & Types of Action
Immanuel Kant | Foundations of Kantâs Ethics
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 596 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
Immanuel Kant | Foundations of Kantâs Ethics
AristotleâĨFriendship
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 256 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
AristotleâĨFriendship
AristotleâĨJustice
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 227 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
AristotleâĨJustice
AristotleâĨThe Golden Mean
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 547 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
AristotleâĨThe Golden Mean
AristotleâĨTheory of Soul
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1167 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
AristotleâĨTheory of Soul
AristotleâĨEudaimonia: Happiness as the Highest Goal in Life
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1067 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
AristotleâĨEudaimonia: Happiness as the Highest Goal in Life
AristotleâĨConception of the World & of Man
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 967 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
AristotleâĨConception of the World & of Man
What is Philosophy?âĨIntroduction to Philosophy
āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļāļ 1518 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāđāļāļ
What is Philosophy?âĨIntroduction to Philosophy
Is very helpfulâĪ
Glad to hear ð!
Disagree. There are 2 functions: 1. To answer all existential questions to a mind self-aware of past and future, outcomes and goals. 2. To counter the hardwired negative outlook of the human mind, meaning to give hope however unsubstantiated, to a human who will naturally look for threats to existence. Basically Item 1, sub 2, in other words. Includes assuaging regret for poor outcomes of past decisions. "Community" building is a result, not a function. When you develop rules (See Item 2), you divide the world into the rule keepers and rule breakers, and have now a team or tribe to join to validate or enforce those rules. Nobody needs a weekly book club to be a decent person who contributes to human flourishing.
Thank you for this interesting point of view.
I see two problems here: First - the concept of âcapabilityâ. A human that has been temporarily sedated might have no awareness or self-awareness, but that is a temporary state. So the update for people that once were self-aware and expressed their will in case of losing self-awareness seems much needed. Still it might be hard to easily determine what is the âcapabilityâ for self-awareness, especially with humans who are incapacitated. Second - we have a much much bigger problem with determining the capabilities of non-human animals. And here we see two conflicting, but equally dishonest approaches. Some people tend to be overly optimistic - the research on great ape using sign language is a prime example of misinterpreting the data in favor of âhumanisingâ other animals; while other people will keep to outdated ideas of âanimal automatismâ to reject any form of awareness in non-human animals. We still donât fully understand what is the degree of animal awareness and this might be even an unsolvable problem (part of a hard problem of conciousness).
Thank you very much for these very comprehensible and interesting thoughts.
Singer is an academic intellectual charlatan. It's his so-called philosophy that is not "sacred" His iconoclasm is simply not serious beyond a veneer of shock value. A living, actualized, spiritual philosophy can be found in the wisdom of awakening to reality from the teachings of the Buddha, Socrates, Diogenes, Meister Eckhart, Huang Po, Hakuin and Kierkegaard, among others. They lived directly what they spoke about and believed. Ignoring silly people like Singer is the first step towards wisdom.
Thank you for sharing your opinion with us. However, I would disagree that Singer does not live his ethics. He is very committed to animal welfare, lives (almost) vegan and is involved in the Effective Altruism movement to fight poverty. But I will also present many more classical philosophers (including Socrates, Plato, Epicurus, ...) here on the channel. The series on Aristotle is already online: Aristotle th-cam.com/play/PLL30WkM5dicE4T8MQOjn--LfZ0P7IED67.html
Nobody said that SingerĘžs philosophy is sacred. So I donĘžt know, what strawman you try to attack.
bruh you just copying content 1:1
th-cam.com/video/UUiAq0JNCks/w-d-xo.html
The linked video is from my German channel ð. I wanted to offer the content to my international viewers in English.
@@LessonsInPhilosophy fair enough u got me
thanks anyway for paying attention and saying something, even if it was a misunderstanding in this case ð .
Ich freue mich dass der Kanal auch auf Englisch verfÞgbar ist! Ist die Stimme AI generiert oder?
Ja, genau. Bei den vielen philosophischen Fachbegriffen brÃĪuchte ich ansonsten eine englisch-sprachige Philosophiestudentin o.ÃĪ. als Sprecherin ð. Wie findest du die Stimme?
Great video , ich hoffe dass der Kanal Reichweite haben wird.ð
Thank you! I hope so too ð.
Very good explained âĪ
Thank you!
very good explained, tnx!
Thank you. My pleasure. There will be more episodes in this series ð.
Super, dass es parallel noch mit deutscher Ãbersetzung versehen ist.