วีดีโอ

A page-by-page animation of a map of the numbering system in the Prototractatus, showing the stages by which the remarks we now know as the Prototractatus were added to the source manuscript, MS 104. The full map is shown in grey outline throughout; the addition of remarks on each page is shown by coloring in the lines.

At the end of his life, the great hero Joko Tole becomes weak and dies. Because his funeral transport breaks down, he must be buried away from the palace at Sumenep. As bhâthang means ‘corpse’, the village comes to be known as Thang-Bhâthang. as told by Pak Zawawi Imron

A starving turtle stranded in a barren land is rescued by a crane. As the crane and a companion fly the turtle to a lush new home, the turtle ignores a warning not to talk and loses its grip on the stick used to carry it. It plummets to its death. as told by Pak Zawawi Imron

A goat magically gives birth to four human daughters. After a long separation, she sets out to find them, only to be rejected by the first three. The fourth daughter, Malate, takes her mother in. The goat soon dies, but Malate is rewarded for her love and respect with a bush that sprouts jewels, which makes her a wealthy woman. as told by Pak Zawawi Imron

As a boy, Kyai Siddik is forgotten by a kyai who has sent him off to the mountains to tend goats. Because of his pure heart and kindness to all living creatures, Kyai Siddik eventually becomes a famous kyai despite having only studied with the kyai for a week. as told by Pak Zawawi Imron

A well-known kyai in Sumenep severely reprimands a prince in his school and is challenged by the king to prove his methods work by teaching a monkey to speak. The kyai eventually meets the challenge and wins over the king, who again entrusts the prince’s education to the kyai. as told by Pak Zawawi Imron

The curved knife, the arè’, is emblematic of the Madurese. According to legend, two famous and formidable knights, Adi Poday and Adi Roso, introduce the arè’ to Madura when they defeat two powerful enemies of the Majapahit kingdom in the area around Sumenep. as told by Pak Moh. Hasan Sasra

A devious and hungry crane tricks a crab and the fish living in a river into believing that the river is going to dry up and they will all die. When the crab discovers that the crane has not moved the fish to another river as he claimed but has left them on a mountain to die so that he can eat them all later, the crab exacts revenge by breaking the crane’s neck. as told by Pak Zawawi Imron

All the fairest maidens of Nagasare have been summoned so that the prince, Dhin Mantre, can select a wife. Through her resourcefulness, the village girl Malate is able to outwit a lecherous monkey (and treacherous sisters). This so impresses the prince that he asks Malate to be his wife. as told by Pak Moh. Hasan Sasra

A clever thief has been terrorizing the area around Bangkalan. After going to the famous and powerful Kyai Haji Muhammad Holil bin Abdul Latif, a police official is able to capture the thief singlehandedly under a most unusual set of circumstances. as told by Pak Moh. Hasan Sasra

Dempo Abang and Joko Tole, two formidable warriors with magical powers (sakti), wage an epic battle in the skies over Madura. Joko Tole is victorious, but Dempo Abang’s goose, equipped with its own magic, survives and dives into the Sea of Madura. Legend tells that as a result Madurese maidens must guard their virtue when crossing Madura Strait to Java. as told by Pak Moh. Hasan Sasra

The legendary hero Pa’ Sakera rises in the ranks of a Dutch-owned company and becomes a champion of oppressed workers, later murdering his boss over ill-treatment. After escaping from prison, Sakera becomes a fugitive and folk hero, killing many Dutch pursuers along the way. He is finally captured but warns of the vengeance of future generations of Madurese. as told by Pak Moh. Hasan Sasra

Tanda Serap, a skilled fighter but a greedy man, is feared by almost all who meet him. He decides he wants to marry his cousin Sare Bate and so challenges her finance, Tanda Anggre’ (to whom he is also related), to a cock fight-with Sare Bate as the prize for the winner. Tanda Serap kills Tanda Anggre’ and his cock after they win the duel. Filled with remorse at his rash and selfish behavior, T...

The parents of two young lovers seek a genie’s beautiful music for their children’s wedding ceremony. When the request is denied, the two young lovers cry uncontrollably, creating two famous springs near Air Mata Cemetery. as told by Pak Moh. Hasan Sasra

Radhin Saghârâ

Sunan Cendhâna

Kè’ Tajhi

Bhângsa Cara, Raga Padmi

Ko’ol bân Kancèl - The Snail and the Kancil

Orèng Bâlândhâ sè Ojhup - The Arrogant Dutchman

Asal Molana Ghunong Pèkol - The Origin of Mt. Pekol

Gheddhâng Aghung - The Royal Banana

Kè Moko

Bhindhârâ Sa'ot

Makamma Sayid Maulana Yusuf - Sayid Maulana Yusuf's Grave

Tolang Lengngen sè Èghâbây Tatengnger - The Arm Bone That Was a Sign

Kè’ Lèsap

Pangpang sè Kamantan - The Column That was Paraded Around

Perrèng Sojjhinna Kè Rabâ - Ke Raba's Bamboo Skewers