วีดีโอ

A first class race baiter. The likes of Abbott, Butler, and Lammy all follow in his footsteps.

The actual reason for many problems now was the right to buy scheme. Inequality, cost of living, housing crisis, poverty, homelessness, divide, etc. The solution, even though people would disagree, is to not have any homeownership and everyone rent what they can afford from the government so money can recirculate to improve other areas and build more and invest in healthcare, education, safety etc. Even though we know people owning the homes now wouldn't agree or ever give their homes up - this is a solution for so many things.

😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

Poonja whom unwashed call Quaid e Azam was an agent of Anglo/Hindu plan , to divide He was not a Muslim, dubious man was most probably a Parsi His father was Poonja Lal, grandfather Premji Lal, from village Panali in Indian Gujrat Knowing Parsi system. A man of Dinshaw status would not have married his daughter to a non Parsi All properties attributed to him were Parsi money There is no record of even one case where he could have made so much money When Ismaili Imam refused a fake certificate that Poonja was Ismaili in 1900 Poonja name was changed to Mohammad Ali , and dubbed a Sunni Muslim, Rest history made up by unwashed mob called Pakistani

Hatr-ed of non-muslims created pak.

The irony lies in the world’s passive observation, as they silently accept the role of subhumans, just as the Western world has often perceived them. Rather than taking meaningful action, they cowardly place blame on Haiti, the very nation that stood firm and provided the stance that the world so desperately sought and needed. All abandoned Haiti, viewing it through the lenses of ridicule and cowardice. Yet, in spite of this, the Haitian Revolution of 1804 stands as a timeless testament to the liberation of humanity. Long live that pivotal moment in history.

What history what identity we are indians saraiki punjabi baloch sindhi and so on but not pakistani Pakistan is no identity am not a pakistani my grandfather was an indian and i am indian

It was elite Muslims project to retain their wealth after British left India.

It didnt emerge. It was created by the brits to keep india ( hindu) in check. . Pakistan is a failed state and a terrorist state.

What identity? They got their Islamic country and as a Muslim, Islam is your identity.

Pkistan is a failed state built on the the blood and rape of millions of Hinus. No amount of "white washing" can wash the blood.

This video gives a briefing with unbiased views how Bharat’s tolerance was exploited under British. What’s wrong with India? It’s their tolerance that’s gone wrong for them.

I’m sick of the racial division because of politics. Her Marxist “revolution” needs to come to an end or we’ll all be slaves. How many people have had to die because of political narratives? Enough is enough.

Thank you.

USA used subsides to reck Haites rice industry now bowling about Chinese subsides on electric cars,hypocrisy.

I THINK EVERY ISLAND OR COUNTRY SHOULD DECIDES THEIR OWN DESTINY

The right to buy should have always subsidised the council house building efforts for social housing. Instead of a fixed discount it should have just counted prior rents from the tenent as paid towards the purchase value of the house in that market value of the property. Rents would already have been subsidising maintanence and building work. Building equity towards a purchase if they choose to stay, effectively having an option on the property. The fact that they didn't use this policy says everything about the political effort to destroy social housing.

It is so SAD. Just reading makes me cry. America deliberately created poverty and destruction of the Caribbean. Now.they are REAPING what they sow. They are one of the MOST selfish nation. May Almighty God have mercy upon them as they REPENT. The Jamaican coconut, ganga and sugar industries have suffered because of poor, mismanaged and corrupt leadership. Now that it seems like we may be getting out of the economic rut...the IMF is paying one of Jamaica's better financial personnel 4 times his salary to stop the progress. 😢 When will THEY stop? When will WE put country and patriotism over money?😢😢SMH

The gang situation would still be bad even if president Moïse was still alive. Both Moïse and Henry are weak. They are "urban" politicians with no rural support. They definitely had no clout with the gangs in the country (urban, rural). Aristide had clout in the rural areas. Yes, Papa Doc Duvalier had big clout in the rural areas (Duvalier had a political alliance with the voodoo network). Aristide is an ex-priest so his Church affiliation provided network access to rural communities. Currently only Guy Philippe is building a grass roots movement outside Port-au-Prince. Guy Philippe needs to become the gang "whisperer"; Chérizier is working hard to be a kingmaker. Gangs. Some naive commentators think this is a recent thing. Nope. Militant gangs have been around since the beginning of Haiti's history. Back in the late 1800's said gangs are called "cacos". Often the caco's will settle in tents on the grounds in front of the National Palace either in support of or opposition to the president. Under Duvalier, you had the Tonton Macoutes. Under Aristide, you had the Chimères, some of whom were former Tonton Macoutes. Violent men, men with guns and machetes do not fade away and take up knitting. Gangs. They are bankrolled (to a degree) by politicians or "oligarchs". I say "to a degree" since there has been a lot of kidnappings (hundreds of them). The oligarchs and politicians are not paying enough. The oligarchs and their families are not the kidnap victims because they have their own security details. Who are these kidnap victims? Business owners? Government workers with private transportation (SUV owners being preferred targets)? Do the gangs have an extortion scheme (à la Mafia) with the business class? One of the gang leaders, Mr Chérizier, alluded to receiving funds from the Haitian diaspora. What is the estimation of annual remittances from the Haitian-American community to Haiti? Gangs. Gang members do not live in remote caves. Gangs have support of their communities. Gangs defend - ferociously - the boundaries of their fiefdom within which the gangs try to offer minimal services such as sanitation, water, and stolen electric power. And amongst the gangs there must be some sort of code of conduct. Some rule must have been violated for some gang members to be killed by the street. Vigilantism? Maybe. Maybe not. Are there regular vigilante patrols? Bwa Kale. Yep. I see some naive commentators being enthusiastic about "Bwa Kale". When some journalist mentioned "Bwa Kale" to Mr Chérizier, he just smiled and shrugged his shoulders; he is not fully onboard with this "Bwa Kale" and rightfully so. Mr Chérisier remembered well the time of déchoukage under Aristide, a favorite of the Western Left.

When evaluating the situation of Haiti in 2024, events 50 years ago matter much more than events 200 years ago. Let us start with, say, year 1950. In 1950, Haiti was 36% richer (per capita) than South Korea, in 1998 South Korea was 16 times richer (per capita) that Haiti. The SKorea-Haiti gap has been growing since. Why the difference? South Korea suffered through WW2 and the Korean War; Haiti was left untouched. The mean, rotten, nasty, rapacious International Corporations landed in South Korea to exploit, despoil, violate mercilessly the nation's land, resources, and people. All that time, said exploiter Corporations ignored Haiti. What is worse than being exploited? Answer: not being exploited at all. Per capita GDP was nearly twice as high in Haiti as in Bangladesh back in 1950--but by 2001, per capita output was higher in Bangladesh than in Haiti (by about 15 percent). The Bangladesh-Haiti gap has been growing since. In 1950 the Haitian economy was more or less at the same level as the economy of the Dominican Republic. CY2009 per capita income, of Haiti = $1,340; of Dominican Republic = $8,672. The DR-Haiti gap has been growing since. The reparation issue is a red herring. The reparations were done by 1947. In 1950, Haiti was in better shape than many countries; Haiti was untouched by WW2. Without the reparations burden Haiti will be less poor, but poor nonetheless. Who wants to intervene in Haiti? The poverty and misery of Haiti is its best defense. When the USA embargoed Cuba in 1960 about 50,000 haitians (seasonal workers) were marooned. In the 1960's and 1970's Cuba sent revolutionary activists (military, civilian) to Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and Africa. But Castro sent no agents to Haiti. Puzzling, given that there is a large haitian community in Cuba from which to recruit agents. A journalist asked the Cuban Ambassador to the United Nations why no agents were sent to Haiti. Answer: "Who wants to inherit Haiti's problems?"

USA and Haiti. The first step of a voyage is the most important because errors made in the first step are rarely corrected and the rare corrections are made very slowly. George Washington accepted a second term reluctantly and rejected a 3rd term. Jean-Jacques Dessalines made himself Emperor. George Washington adhered to the principle of Federalism, with Democracy at the State level, Dessalines went from Presidency straight to Monarchy. Dessalines was followed by Henri Christophe who declared himself King. Haïti did not start going the Democracy route. Monarchists did not return to the USA but Monarchy returned to France at least twice after the French Revolution. Today (2024 AD), Marxists pine for the violence of the French Revolution. The American Revolution preceded the Haitian and French Revolutions by at least 10 years and the latter 2 revolutions learned nothing from the first. Go figure. Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Toussaint L'Ouverture. Current Haitian rap music extols Dessalines, not so much L'Ouverture. L'Ouverture was made Governor of Saint Domingue by the French and he understood what was needed to run a country. Not Dessalines who was strictly a military man for whom gunpowder was like cocaine. Contrast Dessalines with George Washington who was Farmer and Business Man more than being General and Politician. Toussaint L'Ouverture was not popular with the newly freed slaves. The ex-slaves stopped working the land but the General exhorted them to work even harder because now they were working for themselves and not for the former French slave owners. Yes, Toussaint L'Ouverture was captured by the French and died in prison in France. Jean-Jacques Dessalines took over. The main difference between L'Ouverture and Dessalines is that L'Ouverture was not keen in destroying the means of production and Dessalines was keen on such destruction. L'Ouverture may have been into "coupé têt" but not so much into "brulé cay". The politics, society, and culture of Haiti has always been very racially polarized. Freed slaves were uneducated and cannot govern. Black generals were competent in war but not in business, agriculture, finance. Haiti was thus governed by mulattos and remaining French (those not killed in the war of independence). For many decades Haiti ran on the "politique de doublure": Blacks being figureheads for the White/Mulatto Establishment.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 8 of 10). Haiti and >>>>> NATURAL DISASTERS!!! <<<<< The Western Left love to blame Haiti's problems on >>>>> NATURAL DISASTERS!!! <<<<< , besides the eeeeevil influences of foreign powers. The Dominican Republic (DR) has 2 times the rainfall than Haiti!!! Nope. World Bank (2023 AD) annual rainfall (mm) for the DR and Haiti = 1410, 1440 respectively. Besides, the origin of the Artibonite (largest river in Haiti) is in the DR. If the DR mismanaged its ecology, the Artibonite would have run dry. The Artibonite valley is Haiti's bread basket. Haiti suffered much more damage then the DR from HURRICANES!!! Nope. Between 2018 and 2024 the number of hurricanes hitting the DR and Haiti = 14, 17 respectively. OK, Haiti has a slight edge in hurricane hits. And then some people say that since rice requires lots of water, hurricanes bring lots of water beneficial to the culture of rice. Haiti suffered much more damage then the DR from EARTHQUAKES!!! YES!!!!! Many clueless pundits start the story of Haiti's misery on Jan 12, 2010. But Haiti has been a poor and miserable country long before 2010. Look at Japan: plenty of earthquakes and yet Japan has not been a poor country. There is an old saying: "Haiti needs 2 winters with snow, the first one as lesson, the second one as examination". Well... Haiti had 2 earthquakes 10 years apart. Did Haiti pass the examination? Haiti earthquakes date............Magnitude.....deaths 08/14/2021________7.2_________2,248 01/12/2010________7.0_______316,000 Dominican Republic earthquakes date............Magnitude.....deaths 05/31/1953_________7.2_________0 06/24/1984_________6.7_________5 Dominican Republic tsunamis date............Magnitude....Wave Height......deaths 08/04/1947_______ 7.9___________5 m___________1,790 World Bank (2023 AD) annual rainfall (mm) Jamaica = 2,051 Cuba = 1,335 P. Rico = 2,054

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 7 of 10). Haiti and the <<< Natural Resources!!! >>>. Leprechauns looking for their pot of gold. Pundits, clueless about the fundamental causes of Haitian Poverty, go: "But, but, but Haiti has plenty of NATURAL RESOURCES!!! The greedy, evil, wicked, toxic, nasty, horrible, terrible Capitalists are suppressing, depressing, repressing, oppressing Haiti (because it is a Black Nation) to get to them delicious, yummy NATURAL RESOURCES!!!" Yes, the Dominican Republic has exported $1.5B in gold in 2022. With Haiti on the same island, Haiti should be as rich as the DR!!! Right? Well... No. In 2022 total exports of the DR and Haiti are respectively $14B and $1.3B. Take out the $1.5B of gold from the picture and the DR 2022 exports are 14B -1.5B = 12.5B. Now transfer that $1.5B to Haiti's side and you get 1.3B +1.5B = 2.8B which is still 4.4 times (12.5/2.8) smaller than the DR numbers. Gold is not what makes the DR richer than Haiti. Yes, Haiti should develop whatever mineral resources it has but hoping that <<< NATURAL RESOURCES!!! >>> will deliver Haiti from Poverty is wishful thinking and unwittingly perpetuating the Poverty Mindset of the Haitian People. Venezuela has LOTS OF OIL!!! and yet its citizens lost on average 20 lbs in weight, fleeing the country which fell into Poverty in past few years. So oil alone (NATURAL RESOURCES!!!) does not make you rich. What is Venezuela lacking today that, say, Saudi Arabia has? Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso (Venezuelan politician), a founder of OPEC, complained in 1975: “I call petroleum the devil's excrement. It brings trouble...Look at this locura-waste, corruption, consumption, our public services falling apart. And debt, debt we shall have for years.” Amongst the European colonial powers, Spain and Portugal are poorer than England and France today. While Spain and Portugal were focusing on extracting Gold and Silver from the Americas, France and England were developing Agricultural Economies in the Americas (Extractive versus Production Economies). During colonial times Spain and Portugal did little to develop their own domestic economy, depending mainly on the Gold and Silver revenues from the Americas. OIL!!! OIL!!! OIL!!! Haiti has OIL!!! YES!!! Haiti has greater OIL and GAS reserves than Venezuela!!! Yep. With Oil found in the gulf of Mexico and Venezuela there will be Oil in parts in between. One speculates off-shore oil near Cuba. One speculates oil in central Haiti. It is natural that British Guyana (a neighbor of Venezuela) is developing off-shore oil. Oil companies are very aggressive and if oil extraction in Haiti is commercially feasible it would have been done a long time ago. Haitian politicians are just as corrupt as African politicians in Angola, Nigeria, Congo, and Gabon. Are Haitian politicians corrupt AND incompetent AND feckless? Iridium!!! IRIDIUM!!! IRIDIUM!!! Haiti has IRIDIUM!!! Second LARGEST deposits of IRIDIUM in the WORLD!!! A lot of speculation. Cuba has 2 iridium mines running. Cuba is not getting rich. Supposedly there are some iridium deposits in Haiti's South East (near the Haiti-DR border). So the DR is likely to have iridium. The DR has a much more developed industrial infrastructure than Haiti; I place my bets on the DR in the iridium play. Yes, Haiti should pursue the iridium play if commercially feasible. Haiti is out of the bauxite business since 1982. Jamaica 2022 bauxite export = $246 MMillion. Dominican Republic 2022 bauxite export = $4 Million. Haiti is out of the copper (not scrap metal) business since 1972. Dominican Republic 2022 copper (not scrap metal) export = $40 Million. With funding from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Haitian government planned to perform its first comprehensive geological survey in the late 1980s. I do not know the current status of the survey. Primary forest cover in Haiti (% total area) = 5% (1990), 4% (2010) Primary forest cover in the DR (% total area) = 39% (1990), 39% (2010) Primary forest cover relates to areas which are not cultivated and thus retaining the original biodiversity of millennia ago. Haiti and the DR have about the same population (11 M each). The DR is about twice as big as Haiti so the cultivated area in the DR is about the size of Haiti. Thus the cultivated area per capita in Haiti is the same in the DR. However the DR's productivity per unit cultivated area is much higher than in Haiti. Cultivated land is the NATURAL RESOURCES!! the Left does NOT lust for. Extracting Production from cultivated land requires blood, sweat, tears, and organization. That is too much work. The Left lusts for Mineral Deposits and Oil: bring in the foreigners to extract product while Haitians can lounge about and collect the sweet, sweet royalties. Those who mythologize Haiti's NATURAL RESOURCES!!! are unwittingly perpetuating the spirit of Poverty which is endemic in Haiti. Those who mythologize Haiti's <<< NATURAL RESOURCES!!! >>> are unwittingly perpetuating the spirit of Poverty which is endemic in Haiti.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 6 of 10). Haiti and rice. >>>>> The Clintons destroyed the Haitian rice farmers!!! <<<<< Blaming Haiti's rice imports on forced decreased rice tariffs from 50% to 3% (in the Dominican Republic the rice tariff is 20%) appear to be a bit misplaced. Haiti Imports, by year (A) = total($B); (B) = Petrol($M); (C) = Fabrics ($M); (D) = Palm Oil ($M); (E) = Wheat ($M); (F) = Rice ($M); (G) = Cars ($M); (H) = Poultry Meat ($M); (I) = Sugar($M); Year_______(A)______(B)______(C)_______(D)_____(E)_____(F)_______(G)_____(H)______(I) 2018_____4.18_____317______391_____118_____106_____254_____121_____100_____87 2019_____3.84_____292______384_____111_____143_____237______77_____103_____85 2020_____3.75_____240______294_____147_____108_____297_____129_____101____103 2021_____4.12_____295______413_____168_____112_____248_____170_____156____109 2022_____5.93_____525______275_____126_____160_____256_____126_____112_____91 A lot of focus on rice. The US is the major source of rice to Haiti. However one overlooks Haiti's deficits in Palm Oil, Poultry Meat, Sugar: are the Clintons making money off these commodities? Haitian rice production has remained essentially steady since the 1970s, at around 70,000 tons/yr. There were peak production of 90,000 tons in 1985, of 80,000 tons in 1996, of 77,000 tons in 2011. Year 2011 is interesting because the cholera outbreak in Haiti happened in the Artibonite Valley (rice growing region) on Oct 2020. Haiti 1960 rice production was 40,000 tons increasing gradually to 68,000 tons in 1970. Yes, rice production grew under mean, cruel, tyrannical Duvalier. I am not a fan of Duvalier but give the devil his due. Meanwhile, rice imports started to grow in 1985 at 700 tons (same time as Haiti's peak rice production), to 80,000 tons in 1990, to 150,000 tons in 1995, growing gradually to 300,000 tons in 2015. The forced (by Clinton Administration in 1996) tariff decrease to 3% evidently had NO effect on Haiti rice production. Besides, there is no way to boost Haiti's rice production 4-fold (= 400,000/90,000). At no point in history had Haiti produced 300,000 tons of rice annually. One has to look at the range of food crops in Haiti and food consumption in Haiti. Along with corn, beans, tubers and plantains, rice has an increasing share in the basic domestic diet due to the relatively low cost. Haitians used to consume rice once-a-week in the 1980’s. The higher food demand induced by the fast population growth and lower import tariffs implemented in the late 1980s to address this need made rice imports one of the least expensive carbohydrate sources. As a result, rice has become a basic item for daily use today. The low prices of imported rice have helped change consumption patterns of some consumers, enticing them to insert rice as a less expensive alternative source of carbohydrate. Blending imported rice with other starchy foods such as bread and imported pasta, and other staple foods like, plantains, sweet potato, cassava and dasheen has become part of the Haitian diet. A banana side story. I recalled seeing near Jérémie a cement post with a United Fruit Company (UFC) metal plate. I tried to find UFC's banana production in Haiti but I cannot obtain the relevant info since UFC went defunct in 1970. UFC presence in Haiti spanned from 1930 to 1948. In 1949 the Haitian government nationalized the banana business (took over UFC's operations). A few years later (1952?) the nationalized business went kaput. Has Haiti been exporting bananas lately? Probably, but I cannot find the numbers. All I can find is Haiti's 2022 fruit exports = $11M. In 2022 the fruit exports of the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Cuba are respectively $411M (of which $267M = bananas), $60M, $0.5M (of which $30K = bananas). In 2023 the kg/person banana production of Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic is respectively 22.7, 23.2, 23.3, 117.8.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 5 of 10). Haitian remittances (2018 - 2022) (year) ($Billion per year) (population M) ($ per capita per year) 2018_____2.42_____11.0______220 2019_____2.51_____11.2______224 2020_____3.27_____11.3______289 2021_____3.66_____11.4______321 2022_____3.10_____11.6______267 The Haitian remittances are quite substantial in absolute dollars (billions of dollars, INCREDIBLE!!!), quite modest on a per capita basis ($250/year/person). A good thing (the haitian diaspora love their families still living in Haiti). A bad thing (what?!?!): the remittances make Haiti more dependent and less independent. I thought Independence was an ultimate good. Something strange is happening in Mexico: as of 2024 AD, there is a shortage of farm workers in Mexico. Why? Answer: the farm workers are going to the USA and sending remittances back to Mexico. Are there unemployed people in Mexico? Yes. Could said unemployed people fill in the farmer shortages in Mexico? Yes. Why is there still a shortage of farm workers in Mexico? Answer: they do not need to work because they are getting remittances from their relatives in the USA. The effects of remittances in Mexico are also happening in Haiti. The recipients of the remittances become either pure consumers or invest in non-export enterprises (low barrier entry) such as restaurants, beauty salons, home improvements, taxi services, etc.. Export enterprises such as auto manufacturing, energy production, etc. require large investments upfront and large risk exposure, something not amenable by remittances. Remittances suppress the productive power of a nation. Remittances have a narcotic effect on the recipients, just like the Welfare State has a debilitating effect on the welfare recipient (intergenerational dependency). Haiti's source of foreign exchange (%). (A) = Remittances, (B) = Exports, (C) = Official Development Assistance, (D) = Tourism, (E) = Foreign Business Investment Source___(A)_____(B)______(C)_____(D)______(E) 2000_____37______37______14______10_______2 2005_____50______27______15_______5_______3 2010_____30______15______44_______8_______3 2015_____38______30______20______10_______2 2020_____55______18______15_______8_______4 It is not a good sign that for Haiti the remittances are becoming the majority (55% in 2020) of foreign exchange revenue. Tourism and Foreign Business Investment have flatlined in the past 20 years. In 2022 Haiti's exports were 1.3B (compared to remittances of 3.1B). Exports are (clothing = 965M) (vetiver oil = 34M) (scrap metal = 25M) (electric equipment = 10M)(alcohol = 7M) (fruits = 11M) (fish = 7M). Meanwhile in 2022 Haiti imported more than $1B of goods/services from the Dominican Republic. Yes, Haiti is getting out of the agriculture business and diving deeper into the sweatshop business. Meanwhile, USA, Canada, Australia are the main food exporters of the world and they are developed nations. Meanwhile, Denmark (pop = 6M) (area = 43,100 km^2) 2022 Pork Exports = $3B; #5 Globally Ranked in Pork Exports (#1 = Spain $6B; #2 = USA $5B; ). Denmark is a developed nation. Increased dependency on remittances assures Haiti's poverty.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 4 of 10). Response to some Marxist objections. (1) In 1804 there were embargoes against Haiti by France, England, USA. However these embargoes were quite porous since private merchants (English, French, American, Spanish) were still doing commerce with Haiti. In 1807 English abolished TransAtlantic slave trade and in 1808 England ended the Haiti embargo; by 1814 more than 80% of Haitian trade was with England. Besides in the 1800's England and Spain were at war with France so little military naval effort was focused on Haiti. Haiti had no military navy, no merchant marine so Haiti had no capability to pursue merchant trade, no capability to project military naval power on its own. Haiti was at the mercy of others for maritime trade. Even before England ended officially the embargo (1808) England was supplying Haiti with cannons and other artillery equipment. England was at war with France and "the enemy of my enemy is my friend" jazz. (2) Many nations, when newly established, were not given a "welcome basket" by the community of Nations. The birth of the USA was greeted with war with England. The birth of Israel was greeted with war with Arab nations. The USA recognized the USSR in 1933 and the USSR was established in 1917. And yet there was USA-USSR trade before 1933. The USA recognized the People's Republic of China in 1979 and the PRC was established in 1949. And yet there was USA-PRC trade before 1979. These trades occur despite ideological differences. These trades occur because the USSR and the PRC had goods/services to offer to the community of Nations. By 1804 Haiti utterly wrecked its economic infrastructure and had little to offer to trade with the community of Nations. (3) The American Occupation of 1915-1934 did not impoverish Haiti. On the contrary, the Americans built up Haiti's degraded infrastructure: 180 bridges were built; the Péligre Dam (source of up to 1/2 of the nation's electric power) was started; Port-au-Prince was the first city in Caribbean/Latin America to have an automatic dialing phone system; General Hospital of Port-au-Prince was built; 10 more hospitals built outside of Port-au-Prince; 1000 miles of roads were built; the first Agricultural College was established in Damiens; Jacmel was the first town in the Caribbean to be electrified; US Navy built some 150 rural clinics; lighthouses were built; harbors were dredged; etc.. But, but, but the corvées!!! Americans used FORCED LABOR to build the roads!!! Nope. The corvée laws were on the books by the Haitian government since 1804. Since many communities cannot pay taxes by money, they pay said taxes by maintaining the roads near their localities. The corvée laws were derived from Ancient Roman Law. The communities were not paying their taxes with the consequence being that the roads were badly degraded. The American were simply applying Haitian Law; the tax delinquent communities needed to pay up with labor. Nobody enjoys paying taxes in any shape or form. It is cruel and inhumane to make tax delinquents to pay taxes (the horror!!!). Yet, from 1915-1934, Haiti was still a low-export economy. There were a few American companies present such as United Fruit but their operations were small compared to their operations in Central America. 3 main reasons: (a) Legal restrictions on foreigners owning land in Haiti (b) most cultivated land was owned by small farmers (c) the small farmers did not work with American companies. In Central America most cultivated land was owned by a few oligarchs and said oligarchs worked with the American companies. Yet, from 1915-1934, Haiti's per capita exports compared to the rest of the Caribbean more than doubled from 8% (1915) to 18% (1934); said ratio is 60% (1820), 5% (2005). (4) Conflict of visions between the populace (ex-slaves) and the Haitian elite (White, Mixed, Black). The ex-slaves wanted nothing more than a piece of land and cultivate it for their basic needs. Essentially the ex-slaves wanted a Subsistence Economy, a Survival Economy. Nation building was not on the mind of the ex-slaves. Nation building was on the minds of the elite who knew fully well that Haiti cannot be totally self-sufficient and thus needed to rebuild the economy to produce goods/services to trade with other Nations. The elite wanted to rebuild the plantation system and the ex-slaves wanted none of that!!! Henri Christophe (Black) was able to impose the plantation system in the North but at the cost of raising anger of the peasant (ex-slave) class. The peasant anger became so great that Henri Christophe committed suicide in 1820. Ironically, Northern Haiti under Christophe (Black) became wealthier (relatively) than Southern Haiti under Pétion (Mulatto) who pushed for Land Redistribution, not Plantation system. (5) Marxists sweep under the rug the occupation of the Dominican Republic. Why? Because it does not fit the narrative of Haiti being a victimized innocent. Haiti occupied the Dominican Republic from 1821 to 1844. Haitian president Boyer confiscated all church property, all lands owned by Whites, and deported all foreign clergy. Oh, but that was the second invasion by Haiti; in 1805, the Haitian Army invaded the Dominican Republic, reached Santo Domingo, and made a fast retreat using the destroy and burn tactics much favored by J.J Dessalines. Why the retreat? There were reports that a French flotilla was coming towards Port-au-Prince. Even after 1844 the Haitians did not give up; for the next 12 years there were several minor military excursions into the Dominican Republic. Militarism, combined with Subsistence Economy, deepens Poverty. But, but, but Haiti did not invade the DR, Haiti occupied the DR by INVITATION!!! Yep. In 1915 the USA occupied Haiti by INVITATION. In 1938 Germany occupied Austria by INVITATION. In 2014 Russia occupied Crimea by INVITATION. Independence Day in the DR celebrates independence from Haiti, not from Spain. (6) Reparations to France: the Marxists' favorite bugaboo. Were the reparations the fundamental cause of Haiti's poverty? Answer: NO. Haiti was already entrenched in Poverty by 1826 when France demanded reparations. Mind you, the 1826 reparation demand was the THIRD request; the previous 2 were made to Christophe (refused), to Pétion (refused). The third time was the charm for France. Haiti's 1821 invasion of the Dominican Republic (DR) was a strategic error. Military adventurism and a moribund economy made for a very bad mix. France was not stupid. After 5 yrs of Haiti being stuck in the DR quagmire, France popped up (again!) and made the reparations demand. Haiti cannot fight both the French and the Dominicans. Haiti decided to pay reparations. France asked only for 1 year's worth of colonial output. In 1820, Haiti's output was only 1/20 of colonial output; that it took Haiti more than 100 years to pay the reparations is no surprise. From 1826-1844 Haiti plundered the DR of its wealth to pay as much as it can for the reparations. (7) Often politically driven programs do not bring Economic or Societal Progress. What feels good usually does no good. Embracing victimhood (politically popular as of 2024 AD) brings no kind of prosperity. Become a victim and win a prize!!! Victims of the World, Unite!!!

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 3 of 10). (E) Subsistence Economy. The old and recent historical data show that exports are a small part of Haiti's economy. Settling for a Subsistence Economy, a Survival Economy is OK. There are tribes living the Stone Age style deep in the Amazon forest and in the jungles of the Congo and Papua New Guinea for thousands of years. Subsistence Economy can be done. However the Planet is populated with Predatory Nations. Fortunately for the Stone Age inhabitants of the Amazon, Central Africa and Papua New Guinea, they have the military protection of the sovereign countries in which they live. The Amish lives in a somewhat Subsistence Economy and there is no Amish Nation: the Amish community is part of the USA and is thus protected by the USA. Trying to maintain proper military power with a Subsistence Economy cannot be sustained for long. Up to 1840, the Haitian military consumed 50% of the government budget, then the consumption went down to 25% by 1860. (F) The low trust character of Haitian society. The Haitian and French revolutions have a few things in common: they are both based on J.E.A.R. = Jealousy, Envy, Anger, Resentment. JEAR is the blood of Socialism and Communism. The concern for "equality" is the launchpad for JEAR. Words "equal(ity)", "democracy" appears _________________________________Equal(ity)____Democracy US Declaration of Independence_____1_____________0 US Constitution____________________0_____________0 French Constitution 1793___________3_____________1 French Constitution 1958__________10_____________4 Haiti Constitution 1805___________3_____________0 Haiti Constitution 1987___________7_____________4 All the freed slaves in Haiti were given a plot of land and then the fun began. The Ancients had it correct: give 3 people equal amount of money at sunrise and they will become unequal before sunset. Dessalines was on his way to deal with some land speculators when he was assassinated. The point is: large-scale farms are much more efficient than small-scale farms and cooperative farms in Haiti were difficult to establish and these rare cooperatives did not last long. Thus time after time, Haiti falls back to a Subsistence Economy. Are there today (2024 AD) large landowners (you know, them evil, nasty, greedy oligarchs!)? Yes. However, in 1950, 80% of the Artibonite Valley (where rice is grown) was still in the hands of the small farmers. The national economic dynamics is still dominated by small-land farmers. The Amish, again. Amish companies are usually no more than 5 employees. Yet said small companies frequently combine together for large tasks. The trust aspect of Amish culture is rare in Haitian society. Mind you, Amish runs a mainly Subsistence Economy, not an Industrial Economy. If Haiti were Amish country, Haiti would be in much better shape. Mind you, the Amish are not warmongers and they would not invade the Dominican Republic. >>>>> Summary: Saint Domingue was a super producer of sugar in the late 1700's because of large-scale farming. Then came Independence of 1804. Land Reform: everyone gets equal share of the Land. Consequence of Land Reform: small-scale farming which brings about at best a Subsistence Economy, a Survival Economy. Haiti thus lost the status of Sugar Super-Producer and started on the Road to Poverty. Constant political turmoil is characteristic of a low-trust society. The low trust nature of Haitian culture makes difficult the establishment of cooperative farming needed for economic growth. Some may say that Haiti is not poor, that Haiti is impoverished. Poor. Impoverished. The Merriam-Webster dictionary used as an example phrase: "a country may become impoverished after a devastating war". Yes, Saint Domingue was rich. Then Saint Domingue became impoverished after a devastating war. The impoverished Saint Domingue became Haïti. Haïti started poor and has remained poor for the next 200+ years. Since 1804 Haiti had a low-export economy, namely a Subsidence Economy, a Survival Economy. Low-Export = Poverty. High-Export = Prosperity. The Low-Export Economy was and is the wish of the peasant (ex-slave) class. Democracy at play: the majority class (the peasant/ex-slave) prevailed over the minority class (the elite bourgeois) on economic matters. The elite (the bourgeoisie) wanted, wished a High-Export economy but such an economy cannot be accomplished without the labor and consent of the worker/peasant (ex-slave) class. In Haiti, a Marxist Economy was achieved long before the foundation of Marxism was put on paper.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 2 of 10). Marxists keep harping that Haiti was France's richest colony!!! Haiti, under the French, did produce 1/2 of the world sugar output. Wow!!! Them slaves were super-producers!!! Kick the French out and Haiti will remain super-producer and the sugar riches go to the former slaves (aka haitians)!!! Right? Well... No. The following shows coffee and sugar exports in 1785 (colonial times), 1800 (war of Independence), 1820 (16 yrs after the 1804 liberation): Exports from Haiti (Million lbs) Year__________________1785____1800_____1820 Sugar (Muscovado)______95______20________5 Sugar (Clayed)___________50_______0________0 Coffee__________________80______40_______25 Sugar exports fell from 145 Million lbs to 5 Million lbs, a 96% drop. What happened to Haiti, the sugar super-producer? When Haiti dropped out of the sugar game, Cuba took over the sugar commerce in a very big way. Haiti's fall from sugar had little long-term impact on the sugar market. France's economic might did not suffer much from the loss of Saint Domingue. But, but, but Napoléon had to sell the Louisiana Territories to the USA because the war in Haiti was so costly!!! Yes and No. Yes the war in Haiti was costly but so were the wars Napoleon was waging in Europe. Sorry, Marxist revisionists: even if France retained Haiti, the Louisiana Territories would still be sold to the USA. Why did Haiti go down the poverty road? 6 main reasons. (A) Sugar mills and supporting infrastructure were destroyed by J.J. Dessalines and his associates. Dessalines was very big on "coupé têt" and "brulé cay". Enough said. (B) The Haitian people were not ready for nation building. USA and Haiti. For the USA, first was Declaration of Independence, second was War. For Haiti, first was War, second was Declaration of Independence. BIG DIFFERENCE. Years before 1776, the founders of the USA debated, argued, counter-argued about the requirements, attributes, qualities needed for nationhood, thus slowly forming a proper mindset and proper temperament of the american people for eventual nationhood. In the case of Haiti, there was first Rebellion, visceral Anger, most Righteous Anger, blood-churning lust for Revenge against the French colonists. War was engaged and won by the Haitian slaves. A war engaged without aforethought, without afterthought akin to a fight initiated by a hot-headed person driven by righteous anger. The war won, what now? Declaration of Independence of 1804 was the only valid alternative because re-inviting French rule defeats the purpose of the war. The key point is: in 1804 the Haitian people was not prepared for effective nation building. (C) Voodoo. Take a couple steps back and look at North America versus South America. South America had a 100 year head start over North America in the colonization game. It did not take long before North America surpassed South America in economic and military power. How come? Answer: the culture of South America is based on Catholicism which emphasizes on obedience to the hierarchy and the culture of North America is based on Protestantism which emphasizes the work ethic and salvation through good works. Anglophone ex-colonies did better than ex-colonies of France, Spain, Portugal. Voodoo played a prominent role in the Haitian Revolution and haitian culture; Voodoo has much more in common with Catholicism than with Protestantism. Catholicism is the religion of the elite. Voodoo is the religion of the masses. (D) Land Reform. More precisely Land Redistribution. Land Redistribution in the early 1800's were politically driven, not economically driven. In 1804, at least 90% of haitians were newly freed slaves and they ALL want a piece of land. It is very understandable. Land Redistribution was inevitable because otherwise there was to be another peasant (former slave) revolt. However the land reform brought about the collapse of the agriculture economy as compared to the colonial-era economy. Under White rule Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) was the breadbasket of Africa. Under Black rule, with Land Reform, Zimbabwe becomes a Food Importer. Land Reform in itself does not improve a country's economy, it needs to be supplemented with something else like an Industrial Reform. Post WW2 Taiwan had Land Reform (before WW2 Taiwan was a colony of Japan) SUPPLEMENTED with Industrial Policy. Land Redistribution may solve a political problem but not the economic problem.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 1 of 10). During its colonial days, Haiti’s slave plantations supplied over half of the world’s sugar. But after the slaves gained their freedom from the brutal regime and the country declared independence in 1804, sugar disappeared from the economy as small farms produced coffee, subsistence agriculture, and food for local markets. In 1950, when Haiti was at least producing some sugar, its exports were far behind comparable countries: sugar exports in Puerto Rico were 35 times higher, and in the Dominican Republic exports were 14 times higher. A common explanation for Haiti’s resistance to producing sugar is that Haitian culture rejected the industry because of the associated historical traumas. However Haitians went to the DR, Cuba, even Puerto Rico to harvest sugar cane so there was not much of a cultural stigma towards the sugar industry. A major contributor to Haiti’s failure to restore its sugar economy was historical property rights institutions that created significant transaction costs to starting large-scale farms. 3 post-Independence property rights institutions: (1) a large redistribution of the former French plantations; (2) inheritance patterns on peasant land that gave every family member a veto right to selling it; and (3) a constitutional ban on foreigners owning land in Haiti. But the property rights institutions in Haiti are important because they were not established by colonists; instead, they were created by a newly independent nation in reaction to colonists. These are post-colonial institutions. From 1900 to 1960, sugar accounted for 76 percent of Cuba’s export value, 51 percent of the Dominican Republic’s, 46 percent of Puerto Rico’s, and 26 percent of Jamaica’s. Sugar contributed only 5 percent to Haiti’s exports. Less than 10% of Haiti's sugar production was exported whereas for the other Caribbean countries about 90% was exported. Since 1987 (demise of HASCO) sugar in Haiti has been a cash crop raised by peasants rather than by large-scale plantations. Sugar Exported (Million lbs) ...............Haiti.......Dom.Rep.......P.Rico.......Jamaica.......Cuba 1900______1_______150________200_________2_______1,000 1910______1_______250________500_________3_______2,000 1920______2_______300________700________10_______5,000 1930______3_______550______1,000________50_______2,000 1940______4_______700______1,500_______200_______4,500 1950______5_______900______1,600_______400_______7,000 In 2014, on coffee: Country__________________Haiti______Dom.Rep.____Cuba______Jamaica Production (tonnes)______19,500_____13,500______9,000_____1,620 Export (tonnes)___________120______1,020________660_____1,320 Export/Production (%)_______0.6________7.6_________7.3_______81.5 Population (M)_____________10.4_______10.3_______11.3_______2.8 Area (1000 km^2)___________27.8_______48.7______110.9______11.0 In part 2 of this series, I show that while the sugar industry had a 96% collapse post 1804, coffee suffered only a 75% collapse. Pre-1804 Saint-Domingue also provided 50% of world supply of coffee. Post 1804, coffee was the only saving grace for the Haitian economy. Why? Because coffee requires less labor and maintenance than sugar. Because it was more difficult to destroy coffee estates (mountains) than it is to destroy sugar estates (plains). Since 1804 Haitian coffee production never reached more than 35% of colonial levels. Still by 1820 the Haiti export per capita was only 60% of the export per capita in the rest of the Caribbean (which were still colonized). In 2014 Haiti exported 0.6% of its coffee production while Jamaica exported 81.5% of its coffee production. The low-export nature of the Haitian economy is based on the 2 principles of the ex-slave farmers: zero risk and zero investment.

First of all macus had know dread.sallasey had know dread. Why dont you tell the people about the people that broth the dreadlocks and the ganja tell them about the same people that was vegetarian Before 1930

Sounds racist

🙏🏿🙏🏿🙏🏿🇯🇲🇯🇲🇯🇲

Wow

Barbarians 😡

Truth be told, her GGGGREAT Grandfather Hamilton Brown Sr Esquire treated his Black Slaves like livestock and he Sired at least 30 children with his female Slaves for the mulatto Brown skin quite desirable for maidservant usage and he Sired Kamala's Great Great Grandparents with two different women one giving birth to Hamilton D. Brown and the other gave birth to Mary Jane Brown each Half Brother and Sister to each other and they were parents of Christiana Elita Miss Chrishy Brown so incest did occur in their Family Lineage.

If that young woman is still living, I wonder what she thinks of her attitude almost 60 years later? The recent riots prove the UK still has a long way to go.

As your channel is called "Our History" I'm curious to know what means "Our".

Thatcher was a high handed, mean-spirited, and belligerent individual who peddled a demented political and economical ideology, which she shared with USA president Reagan, of cutting taxes for the rich, cutting government assistance for the poor, and cutting regulations for the banks and corporate businesses, in the misguided and obsessed belief that it would lead to economic growth. Instead, it has caused high public debt, extreme poverty, and wage inequality, which the UK is still struggling with today.

Funniest thing when they say "women need to cover up to be protected from harassment". Yeah, we established long ago that predators do not care what women are wearing.

Burqa is not an Islamic practice. The face is not an aurah. As a Muslim hijabi, I do not condone burqa and do not encourage young women wearing them.

Great summary of the history & evolution of veiling in culture & religeon

The path to independent but it reaches now where. They living still in slavery.

how many slaves her family owned? 120 or what?

to bad it’s being pillaged in front of our eyes.

We saw modern day french values at the Paris Olympics . No thanks.

SOOOO KumSwallow is a decent of A SLAVE OWNER! She better sell that land in Jamaica and start paying REPERATIONS !!!! DISGUSTING! REPARATIONS NOW! I'm voting for Trump ..his ancestors NEVER OWNED SLAVES!

I thought Halie Salasei was the first Rasta?

I? Is ancestry that importand?D. Trump is ancestry from NAZI Germany. (When a dad is a criminal, does that mean the son has to go to jail?

Big words and majestic music to amplify the achievements

This is marxist trash When people say africa is a shit-hole, theyre referring to sub-saharan africa, not north africa Africa is a shit hole and this video has onlt convinced me further, nothing of significance wver happened in sub-saharan africa