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Excellent! Thanks crabial construction. I used this info to make a K2Cr2O7 0.25M solution for Pb2+ cation testing from (NH4)2Cr2O7. Happy chemistry!

You could make it hotter by adding more aluminium so the reaction goes: 3 CaSO4 + 8 Al = 3 CaO + 3 Al2O3 + Al2S3 Also skipping the drying step and adjusting the proportions you can make a thermate like mix: 3 CaSO4*2H2O + 12 Al = 3 CaO + Al2S3 + 5 Al2O3 + 6 H2 btw, a great thermite igniter can be made by making a runny paste made from Mg/dark Al, CuO/MnO2, a little KClO4/KClO3/KNO3/Ba(NO3)2, nitrocellulose and acetone, placing it on aluminium foil, and putting a fuse/sparkler in it.

Why not do a quantitative analysis? It's not much more complicated than what you did. I have tried just about every synthesis for nitrite salts that there is and every one of them will give qualitative amounts but the actual yields hover around 4-15% from my testing. And that is after fabricating reaction devices that minimize reoxidation of your xno2 into xno3. Just sayin some numbers might be helpful before people start literaĺly burning through reactants.

The early lab methode was first synthesis of methylal C3H8O2 Methylendimethylether. bp 42C from Methylalcohol and MnO2, H2SO4. The methylal was mixed in great excess of H2so4 and destilled again for formaldehyde. somehow directly doesnt work or doesnt work so good. may be an try worth.

what if I only have 4.5% of acidity? will it work?

You should have cleaned it up with high heat.

Except flash uses potassium perchlorate

are there any actual risks from potassium cyanide formation here? I’ve read that nitrate and carbon can react to produce cyanide.

I think I missed something. I thought you said at the beginning that you were going to use a Ti anode coated with Ru and Ir, but then you mentioned an MMO anode. I think you used the latter as the anode. What became of the coated Ti anode?

Ammonium nitrate requires a lot of activation energy to act as an oxidizer, a sensitizer like sulfur would probably make the mix work better

2KCl + 2H2O ---> Cl2 + 2KOH +H2 (Chlorine oxidized from -1 to 0; Hydrogen reduced from +1 to 0) 6KOH + 3CL2 -(heat)-> KClO3 + 5KCl +3H2O (KClO3 is insoluble in water) It's balanced and it works!

Stainless steel has a lot of chrome in the alloy up to 21%, so chrome plating shouldn't matter.

Nice video. With the reaction 6KCl + … -> 4KClO + Cl2 + …, what happens to the two moles of potassium left over? The chlorine leaves as gas so it can’t react with that. Does it make KOH or something? Thanks 😃

The crystalisation is my favorite part of any of these processes. I had gotten a six inch long crustal of potasium nitrate when i put it in a thermos to cool over a couple days. Wanted to do the same thing with the chlorate, but i ran out of patience after running the cell for six months. Fyi, if doing this long term its ok to use carbon electrodes, but the salt will seep and climb up through the pores and destroy your contacts. You can either leech it out of the eletrodes with a few washes in boiling water, but its an extra step in an already maintenance intensive process to keep a garage set up alive.

Despite having a full lab at my disposal, pickle jar chemistry is still nearest and dearest to my heart. Great vid as always! Also, when I try to donate via PayPal, it still says that you need to set up an account. I second the suggestion for another vid: Barium chlorate. Or maybe carry on with Scheele’s work and make anhydrous HCN.

I may be miss-reading you but 400mA x 50cm3 is 20 000mA not 2000mA (2Amps)

should have filtered the solid crystals right after electrolysis before putting it into the fridge

Can you also produce potassium perclorate?

6:51 said Hypergolic, meant Hydroscopic. Sorry for being pet-titanic. :)

I'm curious as to what microscope you used to make those beautiful pictures? Have you heard about 'fractional crystalization'? With that method it is possible to separate two salts in solution when they have a different temperature/solubillity gradient. I used it to make KClO3 from NaCl and KCl... Well presented as always, Kudo's!

Love your channel! Any chance you could platinize some titanium and take it to KClO4?

Now make clo4 out of o3

Ah, nobody asked yet so I'll go for it, the obvious question under any electrolysis video: would a graphite anode do? Edit: Cool video as usual of course thx. ChatGPT answers yes to my question, but I'm more interested in someone actually knowledgeable's reply.

Ho provato con elettrodi in grafite, ho attenuto un precipitato bianco, sento ancora l odore di cloro, sono riuscito oppure è koh precipitato?

Nice! You mentioned HClO3 in your solution. Did you choose your temperature to avoid disproportionation at elevated temperatures?

Awesome video. I think you should make a video on barium chlorate synthesis next😁.

Nice video. You might consider what happens if you power is lost and the cell cools down, it will reduce pressure and suck back your bicarb/bleach solution. The traditional anti-suck-back funnel or an intermediate empty jar will fix that reasonably well. I wonder if you passed the gases though a small hot arc (plasma lighter/boiler igniter) and then passed them through water you might be able to recover some dilute HCl might be worth testing seeing as you have most of the apparatus ready to repeat the experiment. Take care not to ignite the gases in a large volume and have liquid or sintered metal flame traps in case of temporary spark loss and gas build up.

Was there a reason you dried out the chloride instead of just pouring the filtered water into the electrolysis vessel?

I always use this method to make my potassium chlorate as well. Keep it up and God Bless!

I love chemistry from the roots and getting NH3 from Urea out of Urine is definitely such a thing. Just want to make some suggestions. First, if you do that in summer, urine can easily been concentrated on flat plates, covered with plastic foil in no time, by the help of sun and wind, what reduces the waste of energy. Second, if you don't want to waste lots of NaOH, it's possible to break the Urea by the enzyme Urease, that is present in Soybeans (you can just grind some and use them directly) takes some more time but you will get left with a lot of NH3 in solution that can be distilled out. Third, for everyone who doesn't want to mess around with own or others pee, just use "Adblue" instead, what has become an everywhere chemical and is nothing but a clean 50% Urea solution. By the way, it's also possible to crack Urea into NH3 and isocyanic acid by pyrolysis, but you have to be careful not to crack the acid further to biuret, or you will also produce CO2. If you have your NH3 solution, you can directly make Ammonium Nitrate from it, by just bubbling Ozone through it. That makes your NH3 not volatile anymore and everyone knows, how precious Nitrates are in chemistry. So I recommend to every backyard chemist, to buy an efficient O3 Generator, because it can oxidize so many things by just Air and electricity. Also it's helpful for production of H2SO4 from SO2 and Water for example and it can replace H2O2 in many cases.

Is it ok to use whatever kind of vinegar? There's no percentage indicated. Please help, we need answers for our research.😢❤ great video

Easiest, calcium nitrate plus ammonium sulfate. Way cheaper than cold packs.

Should have noted that B in Oklahoma was 2 1/2 tons over 5,000 pounds of materiel, that is alot to practically lift and move around . And buying that many ice packs, you'd have to be rich.

this got me thinking ...if you made a body of a drone out of this ...or even mold in shape charges and magnets ...all drone has to do is land on armor and boom

Consider using a bit more water when molding with plaster. Since you are drying it out anyways it helps on flow.

Love the microscope images need more of that 🍒

Yay, I aced my latest quiz!! (I like the quizzes, keep them coming.)

Could this be used as a substitute for potassium nitrate, used like in the tkor sugar rocket fuel video?

what if I only have 5% acidity of vinegar? will it work?

what kind of vinegar did you use?

I've seen some people add about a 5% of the wheight of the whole mix of sodium bicarbonate so the smoke doesn't get too hot and burns. It didn't in yours but i think it's a nice and cheap way to prevent it and it doesn't affect the results.

It works with copper 2chloride also

That is indeed a very 'magic' demonstration of what chemistry can do. Nice.

I need to add that to my bong collection

First comment and I like science

Very cool experiment, keep it up.

That's always a cool one to see.

That's quite a stunning looking reaction! 😮

Love the pattern. Like lots of individual flames separated from their adjacent flame

This would make a fun science experiment to get kids excited for chemistry