The Mathemagicians' Guild
The Mathemagicians' Guild
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Polar Coordinates - Complex Analysis #3
In the 3rd complex analysis video I would like to introduce the polar form of a complex number. It may seem a little odd to bring this in so early in the series, but I think it will help me greatly when I cover multiplication and division. Multiplying functions is easier to comprehend geometrically if you think in polar coordinates.
Secondly we take quick look at Euler's identity. You don't really need to understand how it is derived just yet, because we will cover the exponential function in a later video. However I feel that the exponential form needs a little explaining, otherwise it would seem to come out of nowhere.
Lastly, we develop our visualization tools a little by looking making enhanced phase portraits. We can add contour lines for locations of equal magnitude and argument. Take the time to practice reading the cosine phase portrait with different constants added to it. 2D phase portraits are quite a useful way to visualise and understand complex functions. (The promised video of extra phase portraits is coming soon)
In this video:
00:00 Introduction
00:46 Polar Coordinates
03:10 How to represent the polar form.
04:56 Radians (a recap)
06:39 Examples
08:00 Euler's Identity
10:47 Enhanced Phase Portraits
14:52 3D Phase Portraits.
In this series:
1 - th-cam.com/video/jU7QW6AjUf4/w-d-xo.html Introduction to Complex Numbers.
2 - th-cam.com/video/nT3WYFxvPLk/w-d-xo.html Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers
3 - th-cam.com/video/O3aJCGbyfR8/w-d-xo.html Polar Coordinates of Complex Numbers
4 - [Coming Soon] Multiplication of Complex Numbers and Functions
5 - [Coming Soon] Division of Complex Numbers and Functions
6 - [Coming Soon] Complex Differentiation and Analytic Functions
Extra Visuals (No Commentary):
1 - th-cam.com/video/3qEJeP6qQGA/w-d-xo.html Trigonometric Functions Visualised (3D)
2 - [Coming Soon] Phase Portraits of Trigonometric Functions
มุมมอง: 6 011

วีดีโอ

[Visual] Modular Form - Level 1 Weight 12 (Ramanujan Delta Function)
มุมมอง 9K3 ปีที่แล้ว
This is a mathematical object known as a "Modular Form" visualised in 3 dimensions. Modular Forms are an area of mathematical theory that extends from complex analysis, but they are of particular interest to mathematicians studying number theory. Famously, their relation to elliptic curves was used to prove Fermat's Last Theorem (358 years after it was proposed) . This video is a collaboration ...
[Visual] The Riemann Zeta Function Visualised
มุมมอง 30K3 ปีที่แล้ว
Three different visuals exploring the Riemann Zeta function (without commentary). The 3rd visual shows shows a large part of the critical strip. These visuals are "3D phase portraits" or "modular surfaces" (not to be confused with modular functions or forms). The input is the complex plane, shown as the silver base plate. The output is the surface. The height of the surface is the absolute valu...
[Visual] Complex Trigonometric Functions Visualised
มุมมอง 5K3 ปีที่แล้ว
In this extra video I have rendered 3D Phase Portraits (Modular Surfaces) of all six trigonometric functions: sin, cos, tan, sec, cosec & cot. Presented without any commentary, if you would like further explanation of these graphics, please see the 1st video in my Complex Analysis series. th-cam.com/video/jU7QW6AjUf4/w-d-xo.html The input to each plot is a complex number, as shown on the base p...
Addition and Subtraction of Complex Numbers - Complex Analysis #2
มุมมอง 6K3 ปีที่แล้ว
Addition and subtraction represent translations on the complex plane. In this video we first go through the basics of adding subtracting complex numbers. A process that works as you would expect if you treat "i" as a simple constant. Then we start investigating adding simple constants to some functions. In the process we discover learn more about reading phase portraits and 3D modular surfaces....
Introduction to Complex Numbers - Complex Analysis #1
มุมมอง 16K3 ปีที่แล้ว
Introducing the complex numbers and complex analysis. This is the first video in a series covering the topic of complex analysis. We begin by introducing a complex number. Then we investigate the effects of multiplying any number by the imaginary number i. Finally, we take a look at some of the visualisation tools that we will use in later videos; phase portraits and modular surfaces. Please su...
Number Sequences in the Mandelbrot Set
มุมมอง 40K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Welcome to part 4 of our little Mandelbrot Explained series. In this video we explore the bulbs around the main cardioid, and find that they contain number sequences such as the natural numbers, Fibonacci sequence, and the rational numbers. We then investigate them in terms of their Julia Sets to try and understand visually why they are there. Finally, we look at precisely where the bulbs are a...
[Extra Visual] Period 6 orbits of a Julia Set
มุมมอง 1.7K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 6 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 6 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - th-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/w-d-xo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - th-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/w-d-xo.html Juli...
[Extra Visual] Period 5 orbits of a Julia Set
มุมมอง 1.1K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 5 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 5 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - th-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/w-d-xo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - th-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/w-d-xo.html Juli...
[Extra Visual] Period 4 orbits of a Julia Set
มุมมอง 1.1K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 4 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 4 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - th-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/w-d-xo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - th-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/w-d-xo.html Juli...
[Extra Visual] Period 3 orbits of a Julia Set
มุมมอง 1K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 3 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 3 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - th-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/w-d-xo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - th-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/w-d-xo.html Juli...
[Extra Visual] Period 2 orbits of a Julia Set
มุมมอง 1.6K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 2 circle of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 2 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - th-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/w-d-xo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - th-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/w-d-xo.html Ju...
[Extra Visual] Building a Mandelbrot Set Step-by-step
มุมมอง 12K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual relates to the "How to Build a Julia Set" video. th-cam.com/video/5T0cC6KRezo/w-d-xo.html It shows the Mandelbrot forming one iteration at a time. The shape converges on the Mandelbrot Set. The shape at each iteration relates how you normally see the Mandelbrot coloured. Unlike the Julia Sets, this has little meaning as a series of transformations. Take a look at where the "8-way cr...
[Extra Visual] All Period 2 orbits of the Mandelbrot Set
มุมมอง 3.5K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual shows a series of balls located within the period 2 circle of the Mandelbrot Set. This is the area where the orbit have a period of 2. Each iteration, all these orbits bounce between 2 periodic points. This is an extra visual for the Mandelbrot Explained series of videos. If you'd like to understand what is happening a little better, please check out the related series of videos. I'...
[Extra Visual] All Period 1 orbits of the Mandelbrot Set shown together.
มุมมอง 4K4 ปีที่แล้ว
This visual shows a series of balls located within the main cardioid of the Mandelbrot Set. This is the area where the orbit have a period of 1. All these orbits approach a single attractive fixed point. This animation follows each orbit over 50,000 iterations to see where they finish, each near their own attractive fixed point. You'll notice that 1 or 2 of these orbits don't have time to settl...
[Extra Visual] All orbits of the Mandelbrot Set shown together.
มุมมอง 11K4 ปีที่แล้ว
[Extra Visual] All orbits of the Mandelbrot Set shown together.
How to Build a Julia Set
มุมมอง 59K4 ปีที่แล้ว
How to Build a Julia Set
Julia Sets, and how they relate to The Mandelbrot Set
มุมมอง 141K4 ปีที่แล้ว
Julia Sets, and how they relate to The Mandelbrot Set
The Mandelbrot Set Explained
มุมมอง 189K4 ปีที่แล้ว
The Mandelbrot Set Explained

ความคิดเห็น

  • @richtigmann1
    @richtigmann1 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา

    Honestly the relationship between the 2 is SO interesting I never knew this!! And the part where the branches can remember where they were at, that is SO COOL as well

  • @trimmim
    @trimmim 4 วันที่ผ่านมา

    insanly good video. tysm

  • @JxH
    @JxH 4 วันที่ผ่านมา

    For the quest, would it help to rotate the thing by 45° clockwise ?

  • @ViolentSillyGirl
    @ViolentSillyGirl 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

    You talked about the boundary of 0.25, -0.75 and -1.25, but what happens in the giant gap from there to the mini mandelbrot at -1.75?

  • @vincenthabay5109
    @vincenthabay5109 หลายเดือนก่อน

    this is hands down the most crystal clear explaination i've seen on the subject. When you master a subject and you are still able to enter a novice's shoes to teach him you reach the master Yoda level of pedagogy. thanks for this video

  • @not_estains
    @not_estains หลายเดือนก่อน

    i want it

  • @joshuavogel861
    @joshuavogel861 หลายเดือนก่อน

    These are fantastic!

  • @Axl12412
    @Axl12412 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ‭Proverbs 14:13 Laughter might hide your sadness. But when the laughter is gone, the sadness remains. ‭Ecclesiastes 7:3 Sorrow is better than laughter; it may sadden your face, but it sharpens your understanding. When you have sorrows be happy because it sharpens your understanding. ‭Ecclesiastes 7:4 Someone who is always thinking about happiness is a fool. A wise person thinks about death. ‭Proverbs 3:7 Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the Lord and shun evil. Do not be wise in your own mind be humble and think of others as better than yourself. ‭Proverbs 3:7 Don’t trust in your own wisdom, but fear and respect the Lord and stay away from evil. Read the Bible if you want more wisdom.

  • @pvdguitars2951
    @pvdguitars2951 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This must be my favorite video on fractals. I found a ‘weird’ butterfly effect for the Vesica Pisces surface area coefficient (=4/6Pi - 0.5xsqrt3). Approximately 1.22836969854889… It would be neat to see its behavior as c in the Mandelbrot iteration

  • @KaliFissure
    @KaliFissure หลายเดือนก่อน

    Surface(cos(u/2)cos(v/2),cos(u/2)sin(v/2),sin(u)/2),u,0,2pi,v,0,4pi Notice that 4 pi are needed to complete the surface. This is a single sided closed surface. The radially symmetric Klein bottle.

  • @user-ds1ly5db
    @user-ds1ly5db หลายเดือนก่อน

    3:10 pause perfect

  • @justjack2131
    @justjack2131 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    how did you run that mandelbrot simulation at the end of the video?

  • @Sans________________________96
    @Sans________________________96 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Julia wiggly zoom:

  • @user-xb6oi2zw8b
    @user-xb6oi2zw8b 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    1301

  • @electron2601
    @electron2601 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This video lost me at 4:17 I don't understand what the double iteration graph means.

  • @vladimirarnost8020
    @vladimirarnost8020 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    My jaw has dropped when watching this video and I can't find it. It's probably somewhere in the complex plane, in a dark place behind one of the Mandelbrot bulbs. Absolutely mindblowing stuff. 🤯 Thank you!

  • @user-mo4wx1sb4n
    @user-mo4wx1sb4n 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    c+z²=z

  • @BuleriaChk
    @BuleriaChk 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for Village Idiots (works for the case of n=2 as well) To show: c^n <> a^n + b^n for all natural numbers, a,b,c,n, n >1 c = a + b c^n = (a + b)^n = [a^n + b^n] + f(a,b,n) Binomial Expansion c^n = [a^n + b^n] iff f(a,b,n) = 0 f(a,b,n) <> 0 c^n <> [a^n + b^n] QED n=2 "rectangular coordinates" c^2 = a^2 + b^2 + 2ab Note that 2ab = 4[(1/2)ab] represents the areas of four right triangles) "radial coordinates" Lete p:= pi, n= 2 multiply by pi pc^2 = pa^2 + pb^2 + p2ab Note that pc^2, pa^2, and pb^2 represent areas of circles, wile p2ab = a(2pb) is the product of a radius (a) and a circumference (2pb). This proof also works for multi-nomial functions. Note: every number is prime relative to its own base: a = a(a/a) = a(1_a) a + a = 2a (Godbach's Conjecture (now Theorem...., proved by me :) (Wiles' proof) used modular functions defined on the upper half of the complex plane. Trying to equate the two models is trying to square the circle. c = a + ib c* - a - ib cc* = a^2 + b^2 <> #^2 But #^2 = [cc*] +[2ab] = [a^2 + b^2] + [2ab] so complex numbers are irrelevant. Note: there are no positive numbers: - c = a-b, b>a iff b-c = a, a + 0 = a, a-a=0, a+a =2a Every number is prime relative to its own base: n = n(n/n), n + n = 2n (Goldbach) 1^2 <> 1 (Russell's Paradox) In particular the group operation of multiplication requires the existence of both elements as a precondition, meaning there is no such multiplication as a group operation) (Clifford Algebras are much ado about nothing) Remember, you read it here first) There is much more to this story, but I don't have the spacetime to write it here. see pdfs at physicsdiscussionforum dot org

  • @nicolefee9936
    @nicolefee9936 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    U can sort of already see the Mandelbrot set at the first map of Julia’s it’s hard to see

  • @nicolefee9936
    @nicolefee9936 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    U can find Julia sets IN THE MANDELBROT SET

  • @lookinwardstothe2349
    @lookinwardstothe2349 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Why are the sign post branches arbitrarily labelled 1, 2, 3....?

  • @Sans________________________96
    @Sans________________________96 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    So start z = z^2 + c Second D(f(f (Tried to spam at 197)

  • @willclark7314
    @willclark7314 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I suck at math and can't tell you how much this made my day. You've completely opened my eyes and can't wait to see more. Subscribed.

  • @shikaishik
    @shikaishik 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ジュリア集合とマンデルブロ、形まで連携しているとは思いもよりませんでした

  • @yifuxero5408
    @yifuxero5408 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great! Here's another fantastic Mandelbrot set: th-cam.com/video/FU3zhcrvfhg/w-d-xo.html

  • @martyr8688
    @martyr8688 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The mind of God is beyond us

  • @girogiro-vh5pz
    @girogiro-vh5pz 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Are there any tools I can use to help visualise what's going on? In particular, I am interested in playing around with seeing a tiny change in C that causes a chaotic change in the result.

  • @girogiro-vh5pz
    @girogiro-vh5pz 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Amazing. Very nicely explained. Thanks!

  • @tictacX1
    @tictacX1 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great video, thank you!

  • @Nick12_45
    @Nick12_45 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thx!

  • @mistybell4123
    @mistybell4123 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    13:00

  • @chrishughes8188
    @chrishughes8188 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    i am inspired by this. thanks for what you do.

  • @frankcoates4609
    @frankcoates4609 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Fascinating and beautifully presented, but unfortunately, my mind had no chance of grasping the concept in a mathematical way. Nevertheless, I was intrigued by the depth of complexity in a simple equation.

  • @platosfavoritestudent6509
    @platosfavoritestudent6509 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    wonder how many people have had genuine mental breaks because of fractals

  • @gl0bal7474
    @gl0bal7474 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thank you for such a clear precise explanation. Im looking forward to watching more of your videos

  • @jeninaverse
    @jeninaverse 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The poet and Mathematian Without Division.

  • @emmetbrown7228
    @emmetbrown7228 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    one of the best video of the internet

  • @chiluiupamm531
    @chiluiupamm531 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    k09vjdjreydkudyfy

  • @enricobianchi4499
    @enricobianchi4499 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I don't understand why the Fibonacci sequence emerges from the rational number properties. Additionally, it seems that the _numerator_ of those bulbs follows the sequence as well! How come??

  • @HathaYodel
    @HathaYodel 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    We thank you for the care and thought you put into creating this excellent and succinct exposition of all the main aspects that tease and puzzle so many people who enjoy exploring Mandelbrot Sets and yearn to understand WHY and HOW they behave like this. The visual display of period orbits is particularly illuminating.

  • @user-gu2fh4nr7h
    @user-gu2fh4nr7h 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    what did you use to make these?

  • @user-gu2fh4nr7h
    @user-gu2fh4nr7h 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    can I get a 3d object file for the 13:50 cosz figure so that I can resin 3d print it?

  • @florianchurch
    @florianchurch 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very interesting - thanks for positing.

  • @KimBajo
    @KimBajo 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    0:75

  • @crytp0crux
    @crytp0crux 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great^3 +i1!

  • @rfo3225
    @rfo3225 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Just came across this. A second viewing was required before it clicked in my brain. Thanks for an excellent presentation. I feel like I actually understand this well enough to probe further.

  • @igorjosue8957
    @igorjosue8957 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    i like this julia set remembering that happens on the fractal, it can make some really chaotic zones, like in the bulb near the 0.25+0i point, the patterns get further and further away essentially making little elephants

  • @akinerbay6345
    @akinerbay6345 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    micro nano universe 👍♥️

  • @gametalk3149
    @gametalk3149 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This looks beautiful, but the synthetic pads are stabbing my ears

  • @byugrad1024
    @byugrad1024 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Is the area of the mandelbrot set known (does it approach a limiting value) or is it undefined? I would think it needs to be bounded by the area of the circle with diameter 4.