Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is a condition in which the blood flow to the heart is restricted, leading to a reduction in oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
Causes:
1. Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, leading to narrowing or blockage.
2. Blood clots: Forming in the coronary arteries, blocking blood flow.
3. Spasms: Temporary constriction of the coronary arteries.
Symptoms:
1. Chest pain (angina)
2. Shortness of breath
3. Fatigue
4. Dizziness
5. Pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back
Risk factors:
1. High blood pressure
2. High cholesterol
3. Smoking
4. Diabetes
5. Family history
6. Obesity
7. Sedentary lifestyle
Diagnosis:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
2. Echocardiogram
3. Stress test
4. Coronary angiography
5. Blood tests
Treatment:
1. Lifestyle changes: Quit smoking, exercise, healthy diet
2. Medications: Aspirin, beta blockers, statins
3. Angioplasty and stenting
4. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Complications:
1. Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
2. Heart failure
3. Arrhythmias
Prevention:
1. Maintain a healthy lifestyle
2. Manage risk factors
3. Get regular check-ups
Early detection and treatment can help manage IHD and reduce the risk of complications.
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